Weak decays of the charmed baryons offer an ideal platform to study parity ($P$) and charge conjugation-parity ($CP$) violation in the quark sector, to stringently test the Standard Model and search for new physics. It is a key goal in the next-generation positron-electron collider, such as the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF). Thanks to the quantum-entangled pair production with superhigh luminosity and the possibility of beam polarization, STCF provides a unique environment to probe such symmetry violations with unprecedented sensitivity. In this paper, we evaluate the precisions of the $P$-violating parameters and subsequently obtain the expected sensitivity of the $CP$-violating parameters in charmed baryon decays of ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}\to p{\pi }^0$, $p\eta$, $\mathrm{\Lambda }{K}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0{K}^{+}$, and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}{K}_S^0$, regarding to different polarization setups in STCF. The study suggests that the implementation of longitudinal beam polarization in STCF would greatly enhance the experimental capability in studying $P$ and $CP$ violation.

A search for $\gamma H$ production is performed with data from the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ at a proton-proton center-of-mass collision energy of $13\mathrm{TeV}$. The analysis focuses on the topology of a boosted Higgs boson recoiling against a high-energy photon. The final states of $H\to b\overline{b}$ and $H\to 4\ell$ are analyzed. This study examines effective $HZ\gamma$ and $H\gamma \gamma$ anomalous couplings within the context of an effective field theory. In this approach, the production cross section is constrained to be ${\sigma }_{\gamma H}<16.4\mathrm{fb}$ at 95% confidence level (CL). Simultaneous constraints on four anomalous couplings involving $HZ\gamma$ and $H\gamma \gamma$ are provided. Additionally, the production rate for $H\to 4\ell$ is examined to assess potential enhancements in the Yukawa couplings between light quarks and the Higgs boson. Assuming the standard model values for the Yukawa couplings of the bottom and top quarks, the following simultaneous constraints are obtained: ${\kappa }_u=(0.0\pm 1.5)\times {10}^3$, ${\kappa }_d=({0.0}_{-6.8}^{+6.7})\times {10}^2$, ${\kappa }_s=0_{-32}^{+30}$, and ${\kappa }_c={0.0}_{-2.8}^{+2.3}$. This rules out the hypothesis that up- or down-type quarks in the first or second generation have the same Yukawa couplings as those in the third generation, with a CL greater than 95%.

We investigate ($-1$)-form symmetries using the framework of symmetry topological field theories. Previous studies of ($-1$)-form symmetries have primarily focused in SymTFTs with topological point operators. Here we examine SymTFTs devoid of point operators, constructed to realize zero-form symmetries of some physical theory. In this context we identify codimension-one defects within the bulk of SymTFT constructed via higher gauging, which can be interpreted as the generators of ($-1$)-form symmetry of the absolute theory. In addition, we present examples where ($-1$)-form symmetries exhibit the novel ability to shift the ’t Hooft anomalies of the theory.

In the context of current research of the properties of gravitational interaction for bodies and particles moving at very high velocities, we consider possible motions of ultrarelativistic spinning particles relative to Schwarzschild’s mass. The focus is on nonequatorial circular orbits of such particles. The corresponding solutions of the Mathisson-Papapetrou in the linear spin approximation are investigated. Direct analytical calculations determined necessary and sufficient conditions under which such solutions are admissible. The spin-gravity force which from the point of view of the comoving observer ensures existence of the ultrarelativistic nonequatorial circular orbits in Schwarzschild’s field is analyzed. The corresponding illustrations are presented.

Recent years have seen rapid progress in calculations of gravitational waveforms from asymmetric compact binaries containing spinning secondaries. Here, we outline a complete waveform-generation scheme, through first postadiabatic order (1PA) in gravitational self-force theory, for generic secondary spin and generic (eccentric, precessing) orbital configurations around a generic Kerr primary. We emphasize the utility of a Fermi-Walker frame in parametrizing the secondary spin, and we analyze precession and nutation effects in the spin-orbit dynamics. We also explain convenient gauge choices within the waveform-generation scheme and the gauge invariance of the resulting waveform. Finally, we highlight that, thanks to recent results due to Grant and Witzany et al., all relevant spin effects at 1PA order can now be computed without evaluating local self-forces or torques.

We investigate the concept of Kaniadakis entropy and its dual formulation, examining their implications for gravitational dynamics within the framework where gravity emerges as an entropic force resulting from changes in the informational content of a physical system. In this context, we derive a modified form of Newton’s law of gravitation that reflects the corrections introduced by both Kaniadakis entropy and its dual state. Furthermore, we apply the emergent gravity scenario at large scales and derive the modified Friedmann equations incorporating corrections from (dual) Kaniadakis entropy. Our results provide deeper insights into the interplay between thermodynamics and gravitational dynamics. In order to constrain the model parameter, we study the big bang nucleosynthesis in the context of (dual) Kaniadakis cosmology. We explore an alternative method to establish limits on the Kaniadakis parameter, denoted as $K$, by examining how (dual) Kaniadakis cosmology influences the primordial abundances of light elements i.e., helium ${}^4\mathrm{He}$, deuterium D, and lithium ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$. Our analysis indicates that the obtained ranges for the dual Kaniadakis parameter (unlike the Kaniadakis parameter) exhibit overlap for the aforementioned light elements, and the allowed values fall within the range $-0.8\times {10}^{-78}\lesssim \widetilde{K^{*}}\lesssim 0.8\times {10}^{-78}$, which shows that the deviations from the conventional Bekenstein-Hawking formula are minimal, as expected. This consistency between the ranges suggests a potential solution to the well-known lithium problem. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between cosmic time $t$ and temperature $T$ within the framework of (dual) Kaniadakis cosmology. We observe that an increase in the Kaniadakis parameter leads to a rise in the temperature of the early universe. Conversely, when the dual Kaniadakis parameter increases, the temperature of the early universe decreases.

Anisotropic cosmological models have been gaining attention due to various observational hints of large-scale anisotropies. One of the most surprising evidences for the latter is the discovery of a dipolelike directional variation in cosmological parameters extracted from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. In this work, we show that the directional variation of the CMB angular acoustic angle calculated with the fully asymmetric Bianchi Type I metric, a simple extension of the standard Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric, cannot account for the observed dipolelike anisotropy.

Ultralight bosons, predicted in scenarios beyond the Standard Model and viable dark matter (DM) candidates, can form superradiant clouds around spinning black holes influencing their dynamics. Using a century-long monitored OJ287 supermassive black hole binary we set first DM-independent, dynamical constraints on their masses $\mu =(8.5–22)\times {10}^{-22}\mathrm{eV}$. These dynamical constraints, driven by boson cloud friction, are robust against DM-model uncertainties and offer a novel ultralight boson probe. We show that analogous superradiant dynamics across the cosmic population of supermassive black hole systems could help resolve final-parsec evolution stalling problem and imprint a detectable suppression and break in the gravitational wave background.

The current generation of cryogenic solid state detectors used in direct dark matter and $\mathrm{CE}\nu \mathrm{NS}$ searches typically reach energy thresholds of $\mathcal{O}(10)\mathrm{eV}$ for nuclear recoils. For a reliable calibration in this energy regime a method has been proposed, providing monoenergetic nuclear recoils at low energies $\sim 100\mathrm{eV}–1\mathrm{keV}$. In this work we report on the observation of a peak at (${1113.6}_{-6.5}^{+6.5}$) $\mathrm{eV}$ in the data of an ${\text{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ crystal in CRESST-III, which was irradiated with neutrons from an AmBe calibration source. We attribute this monoenergetic peak to the radiative capture of thermal neutrons on ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and the subsequent deexcitation via single $\gamma$ emission. We compare the measured results with the outcome of Geant4 simulations and investigate the possibility to make use of this effect for the energy calibration of ${\text{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$ detectors at low energies. We further investigate the possibility of a shift in the expected energy scale of this effect caused by the creation of defects in the target crystal.

We study the renormalization group running of the coupling constants in a minimal leptophilic dark matter model in which a Standard Model singlet fermion, acting as the dark matter (DM) candidate, couples exclusively to right-handed charged leptons via a new charged scalar mediator. Reproduction of the observed thermal relic abundance of the DM candidate requires sizable Yukawa couplings, and such sizable Yukawa couplings can significantly affect the renormalization group evolution of the model parameters. We examine the conditions that the model remains perturbative and the vacuum stability is maintained up to high-energy scales. We find that the parameter space is severely constrained to ensure the perturbativity and the vacuum stability up to the Planck scale. In particular, the masses of the dark matter and the charged scalar mediator should be smaller than about 350 GeV and can be tested by future collider experiments. The lower bound of the dark matter mass that is larger than a few GeV is also obtained by perturbativity.

Dark matter (DM) annihilation can be significantly enhanced through narrow resonances or the Sommerfeld enhancement effect, with both mechanisms potentially combining in a super-resonant annihilation process. In such scenarios, the conventional assumption that kinetic equilibrium persists until chemical decoupling may not hold, leading to substantial impacts on the final DM relic density. However, a strongly enhanced annihilation cross section into Standard Model particles, except neutrinos, is constrained by cosmic microwave background observations. We thus investigate DM annihilation into neutrino pair final states, focusing on the role of kinetic decoupling. We solve the coupled Boltzmann equations to determine the relic density and constrain the parameter space using current experimental data, while also forecasting the sensitivity of future experiments.

In this study, we conduct a thorough examination of the spectrum of the open confining string in $3+1$ dimensions, commonly referred to as the open flux tube, across various gauge groups of $SU(N_c)$. Our primary objective is to explore its behavior as we approach the large-$N_c$ limit and the identification of possible world-sheet axion states. Specifically, we undertake a detailed analysis of the associated spectrum for $N_c=3$, 4, 5, 6. This marks the first systematic investigation of the open flux-tube spectrum within the context of the large-$N_c$ limit. More specifically, we analyze the spectra of flux tubes that form between a static quark-antiquark pair, considering a significant number of radial excitations and eight irreducible representations characterized by the quantum numbers of angular momentum $\mathrm{\Lambda }$, charge conjugation and parity ${\eta }_{CP}$, and the reflection symmetry $\epsilon$ for $\mathrm{\Lambda }=0$. To this purpose we employ a diverse set of suitable operators, an anisotropic action, and smearing techniques, and solve the generalized eigenvalue problem. We compare our findings with predictions from the Nambu-Goto string model to assess potential tensions indicative of novel phenomena such as the existence of axionlike state along the flux-tube world sheet. Notably, we provide undoubted evidence of the existence of a massive axionlike particle with the same mass as the corresponding axion extracted within the context of closed flux tube. This strengthens the conjecture that the axion is a property of the world sheet of the QCD string.

Continuous normalizing flows are known to be highly expressive and flexible, which allows for easier incorporation of large symmetries and makes them a powerful computational tool for lattice field theories. Building on previous work, we present a general continuous normalizing flow architecture for matrix Lie groups that is equivariant under group transformations. We apply this to lattice gauge theories in two dimensions as a proof of principle and demonstrate competitive performance, showing its potential as a tool for future lattice computations.

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of fermionic excitations in heavy-quark QCD on the lattice with Wilson fermions. The grand potential is calculated analytically in the hopping parameter expansion (HPE) on the basis of the cumulant expansion. Using the grand potential, we compute the quark number susceptibilities and their ratios up to next-to-leading order in the HPE. The ratio of fourth- to second-order susceptibilities is shown to be unity (nine) in the deconfined (confined) phase at the leading order. Excitation properties of baryonic and quark modes in each phase are also investigated utilizing the Boltzmann statistics. We obtain an analytic formula for the quark excitation energy in the deconfined phase, while that for baryonic excitations in the confined phase is decomposed into flavor multiplets.

The energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of the proton encodes fundamental information about its mass, pressure, and shear distributions. Using recent lattice QCD data for the gravitational form factors, we show that the Breit-frame Wigner EMT may be of Hawking-Ellis type IV in the proton’s core. Such EMT violates all pointwise energy conditions and lacks a causal rest frame so that the usual mechanical picture fails at short distances. We define the gravitational radius—a new hadronic observable—marking the scale where the EMT becomes ordinary (type I) and the classical interpretation is restored. We also derive from the averaged null energy condition nonperturbative, model-independent quantum field theory constraints on gravitational form factors.

In this paper, we explore the properties of quarkonia in a hot QCD medium using a newly proposed collision kernel that consistently incorporates the particle’s momentum dependence into the relaxation timescale of the medium. The longitudinal component of the gluon self-energy, along with the Debye screening mass, is computed within the one-loop hard thermal loop framework by incorporating nonequilibrium corrections. A modified kinetic theory with an extended relaxation time approximation is employed to model the nonequilibrium dynamics of the QCD medium. The sensitivity of the heavy quarkonia potential to the momentum dependence of the relaxation time is studied. Further, we studied the binding energy and thermal width of quarkonia states within this new kinetic theory. Sizable variations in the temperature behavior of these quantities are observed in comparison with the standard relaxation time approximation method due to the particle momentum dependence on the relaxation timescale of the QCD medium. Our findings highlight that accounting for the microscopic nature of the collision timescale is crucial for understanding the quarkonium behavior in a QCD medium.

At the energies of present and future electron accelerators designed to study the structure of hadrons, there is a regime where hard pion electroproduction proceeds by a perturbatively calculable process in QCD. The process is not the leading twist fragmentation one but rather a higher-twist process that produces kinematically isolated pions. Semi-inclusive data may teach us more about parton distribution functions of the target and the pion distribution amplitude. In addition, there is a connection to generalized parton distribution calculations of exclusive electroproduction of mesons in that the perturbative kernel is the same.

Pion production is a major source of systematic uncertainty in neutrino oscillation measurements. We report a systematic investigation of neutrino-induced pion production using MINERvA and MicroBooNE data within the GiBUU theoretical framework. The analysis begins by establishing baseline model parameters using inclusive and pionless data from MINERvA, MicroBooNE, and T2K experiments. We then examine the role of in-medium effects, including resonance broadening and nucleon-nucleon final-state interactions. While agreement with individual datasets can be achieved through specific model configurations, we demonstrate the difficulty of a unified description across all experiments: MINERvA measurements prefer minimum in-medium modifications, whereas MicroBooNE data require the maximum in-medium enhancement, revealing the complexity and richness of the underlying nuclear dynamics.

Neutrino oscillation experiments use Monte Carlo event generators to predict neutrino-nucleus interactions. Cross section uncertainties are typically implemented by varying the parameters of the model(s) used in the generator. We study the performance of two commonly used model configurations of the genie generator (G18_10a_02_11a and AR23_0i_00_000) and their uncertainties by tuning parameters to cross section data, and then comparing the resulting tuned prediction to a suite of other measurements from T2K, MicroBooNE, and MINERvA. This reveals whether the model can simultaneously describe several datasets, as well as whether the uncertainties are adequately robust. We find that G18 and especially AR23 are reasonable in predicting lower-energy measurements from T2K and MicroBooNE, but unable to describe MINERvA data, and discuss the implications for short-baseline oscillation searches. We attempt to replicate a tuning procedure developed by MicroBooNE using several different measurements, and find substantially different results depending on which measurement is used, and that the MicroBooNE tune does not agree with other measurements. We conclude that the SBN experiment should not tune its generator to external data.