The future electron-ion collider (EIC) will produce the first-ever high energy collisions between electrons and a wide range of nuclei, opening a new era in the study of cold nuclear matter. Quarks and gluons produced in these collisions will propagate through the dense nuclear matter of nuclei, imprinting its structure into subtle correlations in the energy flux of final state hadrons. In this article, we apply recent developments from the field of jet substructure, namely the energy correlator observables, to decode these correlations and provide a new window into nuclear structure. The energy correlators provide a calibrated probe of the scale dependence of vacuum quantum chromodynamics (QCD), enabling medium modifications to be imaged and interpreted as a function of scale. Using the eHIJING parton shower to simulate electron-nucleus collisions, we demonstrate that the size of the nucleus is imprinted as an angular scale in the correlators, with a magnitude that is visible for realistic EIC kinematics. We can observe the size difference between the proposed EIC nuclear targets ${}^3\mathrm{He}$, ${}^4\mathrm{He}$, ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, ${}^{64}\mathrm{Cu}$, ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$, and ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$, showing that the energy correlators can image femtometer length scales using asymptotic energy flux. Our approach offers a unified view of jet substructure across collider experiments, and provides numerous new theoretical tools to unravel the complex dynamics of QCD in extreme environments, both hot and cold.

The ${}^7\mathrm{Li}({}^3\mathrm{He},d){}^8\mathrm{Be}^{*}\left(p\right){}^7\mathrm{Li}$ reaction was measured at $E_{\mathrm{lab}}\left({}^3\mathrm{He}\right)=28$ MeV for studying the ${}^7\mathrm{Be}(n,p_1){}^7\mathrm{Li}^{*}$ reaction, which is a ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ destruction reaction in the big bang nucleosynthesis. Resonant states at 18.9–20.1 MeV in ${}^8\mathrm{Be}$ were populated by the ${}^7\mathrm{Li}({}^3\mathrm{He},d){}^8\mathrm{Be}^{*}$ reaction and decay protons to the ground ($p_0$) and first-excited states ($p_1$) in ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ were well separated and measured. The resonance width $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ and branching ratio ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{p1}/{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{p0}$ for the 19.40-MeV state in ${}^8\mathrm{Be}$ were deduced to be $342\pm 112$ keV and $11.2\pm 3.5\pm 5.0$ (syst.)%, respectively. The ${}^7\mathrm{Be}(n,p_1){}^7\mathrm{Li}^{*}$ reaction cross section was deduced.

In this study, we propose a novel Bayesian inference framework combined with the two-potential approach (TPA) to systematically investigate the $\alpha$-particle preformation factors and decay properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei. By employing Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, we globally calibrate the adjustable parameters of phenomenological $\alpha$ preformation factors, while incorporating experimental uncertainties in decay energies and half-lives. Our results reveal a significant correlation between the parameters, and the nuclear shell effects near neutron magic numbers $N=126$, 152, and 162 play a key role. The $95\%$ posterior confidence levels provided by the Bayesian method significantly enhance the reliability of parameter estimation, which is superior to traditional least-squares optimization. Notably, the derived preformation factors exhibit systematic deviations near shell closures, highlighting the necessity of explicitly incorporating nuclear structure effects. This work not only advances the precision of $\alpha$-decay predictions but also offers a deeper understanding of shell evolution and collective effects in superheavy nuclei.

Two new low-lying isomeric states and two new rotational bands have been identified in the odd-odd nucleus ${}^{116}\mathrm{Cs}$ from a high-statistics experiment using the ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}({}^{64}\mathrm{Zn},\alpha pn$)${}^{116}\mathrm{Cs}$ fusion-evaporation reaction and the JUROGAM $3+\mathrm{MARA}$ setup. The spin-parity of the known $T_{1/2}=3.85\mathrm{s}$ isomer is firmly fixed as $6^{+}$, and its configuration is established as $\pi g_{9/2}^{-1}\otimes \nu g_{7/2}$ from the properties of the strongly coupled band built on it. The $8^{+}$ and $7^{-}$ bandheads of the two rotational bands to which we assign $\pi h_{11/2}\otimes \nu h_{11/2}$ and $\pi h_{11/2}\otimes \nu d_{5/2}$ configurations, respectively, have lifetimes of the order of a few nanoseconds and can therefore be considered as isomeric states. Several weak transitions depopulate the $8^{+}$ isomer, feeding states that can be based on oblate shapes. The analysis of the alignment properties, combined with the systematics of the doubly-odd cesium nuclei, and the results of extensive particle number conserving cranked shell-model calculations, led to a very good understanding of the bands structures. The spins and parities of two bands of ${}^{118}\mathrm{Cs}$ with properties similar to the bands built on the $6^{+}$ and $7^{-}$ isomers of ${}^{116}\mathrm{Cs}$ have been changed to $7^{+}$ and $7^{-}$ and reassigned to the $\pi g_{9/2}^{-1}\otimes \nu g_{7/2}$ and $\pi h_{11/2}\otimes \nu d_{5/2}$ configurations, respectively. The band of ${}^{118}\mathrm{Cs}$ built on the $\pi h_{11/2}\otimes \nu d_{5/2}$ configuration has been extended to higher spin. The new results enrich the band structure in very light cesium nuclei and unveil the existence of multiple high-$K$ and possible shape isomers built on two-quasiparticle configurations close to the proton drip line.

In this work, real photon production scattering kernels from jet-medium interactions in the QCD medium are perturbatively calculated using the higher-twist (HT) formalism. Focus is given towards real photon production from a highly virtual (and highly energetic) quark, taking into account heavy-quark mass scales [Phys. Rev. C 94, 054902 (2016)], fermion-boson conversion processes [Nucl. Phys. A 793, 128 (2007)], as well as coherence effects [Phys. Rev. C 105, 024908 (2022)]. A generalized factorization procedure, such as that used in $e\text{−}A$ deep-inelastic scattering, is employed to derive an improved single-scattering medium-induced photon emission kernels that go beyond the traditional in-medium gluon exchange approximation. Diagrams with real-photon emission from the hard quark are classified based on the final-state particles, and include two types of scattering kernels at $O\left({\alpha }_{\mathrm{em}}{\alpha }_s\right)$ giving the following final states: (i) real photon and real quark, (ii) real photon and real gluon. The collisional kernels, thus derived, include full phase factors from all nonvanishing diagrams and complete second-order derivative terms in the transverse momentum gradient expansion. Moreover, the calculation includes heavy-quark mass effects, thus exploring heavy-quark energy loss. The in-medium parton distribution functions and the related jet transport coefficients have a hard transverse momentum dependence (of the emitted gluon or photon) present within the phase factor. It is observed that the jet transport coefficients resemble the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions.

An $\alpha$- and $\beta$-decay study of a pure source of laser-ionized and mass-separated ${}^{182}\mathrm{Au}$ ($Z$ = 79, $N$ = 103) was carried out at the ISOLDE Decay Station at the ISOLDE-CERN facility. Detailed $\gamma \text{−}\gamma$ analysis following $\mathrm{EC}/{\beta }^{+}$ decay of ${}^{182}\mathrm{Au}$ was performed, and the level scheme of daughter nuclide ${}^{182}\mathrm{Pt}$ was considerably extended via the identification of 125 new levels and 336 new $\gamma$-ray transitions. The nonexistence of a relatively long-lived isomeric state in ${}^{182}\mathrm{Au}$ and influence of the pandemonium effect on $\beta$-decay feeding intensities are discussed. Differences in feeding for two coexisting bands in ${}^{182}\mathrm{Pt}$ were investigated. The $\alpha$-decay scheme of ${}^{182}\mathrm{Au}$ was extended and an $\alpha$-decay branching ratio of $0.129\left(11\right)\%$ was measured. Hindrance factors for $\alpha$-decay branches were calculated and $I^{\pi }=(1^{+},2^{+},3^{+})$ assignment for the ${}^{178}\mathrm{Ir}$ ground state was proposed.

We construct an emulator for a multichannel scattering problem based on the eigenvector continuation. To this end, we employ the Kohn variational principle formulated in the discrete-basis formalism. We apply this to one-dimensional scattering problems with a Gaussian barrier. Both for a single-channel and two-channel problems, we demonstrate that the penetration probability as well as the wave functions are well reproduced by the emulator. In particular, the energy dependence of the penetrability in a wider range of energy from well below the barrier to well above the barrier is successfully reproduced.

The anomaly in the charge radii of Ca isotopes has been puzzling for nuclear theory for decades. We present the first self-consistent solution to this puzzle within the density functional theory without resorting to local parameter adjustment. By taking into account both the intrinsic electromagnetic structure of nucleons and the zero-point motions of nuclear shape, which have been often neglected in previous studies, the similar charge radii of ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ and ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$, as well as an inverted parabolic behavior between them, are reproduced. It is found that these effects also play crucial roles in the description of the isotonic shift between the charge radii of Sn and Cd isotopes.

In this paper, the ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ nucleus is studied by means of a three-body model consisting of an inert ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ core and two neutrons. For the three-body system, the Faddeev equations are solved directly in momentum space using the partial-wave decomposition. The momentum-space formulation usually requires the momentum representation $\tilde{V}\left(\right|\mathbf{p}-{\mathbf{p}}^{\prime }\left|\right)$ of the two-body interaction $V\left(r\right)$ used. However, our method allows us to deal directly with any $V\left(r\right)$ in its original form in coordinate space, while avoiding the use of its representation in momentum space. In this way, we can then easily introduce the coordinate-space techniques, such as the supersymmetric transformation, to deal with the possible Pauli-blocking problem for the core-$n$ subsystem. For ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$, the partial spectrum, including the ground state and several positive-parity low-lying excited states, is obtained, and the distribution of energy levels is consistent with previous work. For each state, the root-mean-square radius is calculated, and the structure is discussed in terms of partial-wave components. In addition, we performed some calculations on the ${}^{22}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus for further application. The results obtained are close to the most recent experimental values. Our momentum-space method can also be used to calculate the properties of other nuclei suitable for the three-body model.

We adapt the Hulthén–Kohn method suggested by Efros [Phys. Rev. C 99, 034620 (2019)] for calculating various observables in the continuum and discrete spectrum using two-body interactions in single- and coupled-channel systems. We explore the convergence of phase shifts and wave functions as well as the location of $S$-matrix poles which enables obtaining both resonance and bound state parameters. We find that employing a harmonic oscillator basis, together with an interaction smoothing scheme introduced by Gyarmati et al. [Nucl. Phys. A 326, 119 (1979)], and adopting approximate bound-state solutions for the short-range components of basis wave functions lead to good convergence even with restricted oscillator quanta accessible for modern no-core shell model codes. The adapted Efros method will facilitate ab initio many-body nuclear structure applications.

A measurement is presented of elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular ($v_3$) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients for charged particles produced in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\text{NN}}}}=5.02 \text{TeV}$ using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $0.44{\text{nb}}^{-1}$ collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2018. The values of $v_2$ and $v_3$ are measured for charged particles over a wide range of transverse momentum ($p_{\text{T}}$), 1–400 $\text{GeV}$, and $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collision centrality, 0–60%, using the scalar-product and multiparticle cumulant methods. These methods are sensitive to event-by-event fluctuations and nonflow effects in the measurements of azimuthal anisotropies. Positive values of $v_2$ are observed up to a $p_{\text{T}}$ of approximately 100 $\text{GeV}$ from both methods across all centrality intervals. Positive values of $v_3$ are observed up to approximately 25 $\text{GeV}$ using both methods, though the application of the three-subevent technique to the multiparticle cumulant method leads to significant changes at the highest $p_{\text{T}}$. At high $p_{\text{T}}$ ($p_{\text{T}}⪆10 \text{GeV}$), charged particles are dominantly from jet fragmentation. These jets, and hence the measurements presented here, are sensitive to the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma produced in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions.

Charge-dependent directed flow is an important observable of electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We demonstrate how the difference in charge-dependent directed flows between protons and antiprotons is sensitive to the resistivity, inverse of quark-gluon plasma's electric conductivity, over different collision centralities. Our model numerically solves the (3 $+$ 1)-dimensional relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations, assuming the electric conductivity to be a scalar. For this work, we focus on symmetric Au $+$ Au collisions at the top Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider energy of $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. We illustrate the time evolution of the electromagnetic fields in our model and connect that to the charge-dependent directed flow results. Our results highlight the importance of modeling quark-gluon plasma's electric conductivity for charge-dependent observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

We study the ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ Borromean nucleus in coordinate representation within a three-body model with two-body potentials derived from cluster effective field theory (EFT). These potentials are originally developed in momentum space and Fourier transformed to provide nonlocal potentials in configuration space. We use hyperspherical coordinates in combination with the Lagrange-mesh technique to compute the ground state energy, root mean square radius, and the $E1$ strength distribution of ${}^6\mathrm{He}$. We also introduce a three-body interaction to eliminate dependencies on the cutoff parameter of the two-body potentials on the ground state energy. The $E1$ strength distribution exhibits a low-lying resonance. However, it is strongly influenced by the choice of the three-body EFT interaction.

We measure the spin-density matrix elements (SDMEs) for the photoproduction of $\varphi \left(1020\right)$ off of the proton in its decay to $K_S^0{K}_L^0$, using 105 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$ of data collected with a linearly polarized photon beam using the GlueX experiment. The SDMEs are measured in nine bins of the squared four-momentum transfer $t$ in the range $-t=0.15-1.0$ ${\mathrm{GeV}}^2$, providing the first measurement of their $t$ dependence for photon beam energies of $E_{\gamma }=8.2-8.8$ GeV. We confirm the dominance of Pomeron exchange in this region and put constraints on the contribution of other Regge exchanges. We also find that helicity amplitudes where the helicity of the photon and $\varphi \left(1020\right)$ differ by two units are negligible.

We report on a direct measurement of the $\approx 8.4\mathrm{eV}$ nuclear excitation energy of the isomeric first-excited state ${}^{229m}\mathrm{Th}$ via the internal conversion (IC) decay channel. Thermalized and mass-filtered recoiling ${}^{229m}\mathrm{Th}$ ions from ${}^{233}\mathrm{U}\alpha$ decay are delivered to the surface of a superconducting nanowire sensor and become embedded. The ion is neutralized, triggering the IC decay, and the energy released by the IC decay is detected with high quantum efficiency by the nanowire sensor. Energy resolution is enabled by the current dependence of the internal quantum efficiency of the nanowire sensor. The techniques presented here are complementary to light-based detection schemes. The IC decay channel is about eight orders of magnitude faster than the photoemission channel, thus the ability to detect IC decays with high efficiency with superconducting nanowire sensors is likely to be a valuable tool for future ${}^{229m}\mathrm{Th}$ experiments.

Background: The many-body nature of nuclear physics problems poses significant computational challenges. These challenges become even more pronounced when studying the resonance states of nuclear systems, which are governed by the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Quantum computing, particularly for quantum many-body systems, offers a promising alternative, especially within the constraints of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.

Purpose: This work aims to simulate nuclear resonances using quantum algorithms by developing a variational framework compatible with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and implementing it fully on a quantum simulator.

Methods: We employ the complex scaling technique to extract resonance positions classically and adapt it for quantum simulations using a two-step algorithm. First, we transform the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian into a Hermitian form by using the energy variance as a cost function within a variational framework. Second, we perform $\theta$-trajectory calculations to determine optimal resonance positions in the complex energy plane. To address resource constraints on NISQ devices, we utilize Gray code (GC) encoding to reduce qubit requirements.

Results: We first validate our approach using a schematic potential model that mimics a nuclear potential, successfully reproducing known resonance energies with high fidelity. We then extend the method to a more realistic $\alpha \text{−}\alpha$ nuclear potential and compute the $D$- and $G$-wave resonance energies with a basis size of $N=16$, using only four qubits. The quantum simulation results closely match the classical values, demonstrating the feasibility of our approach.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the complete $\theta$-trajectory method can be implemented on a quantum computer without relying on any classical input beyond the Hamiltonian. The results establish a scalable and efficient quantum framework for simulating resonance phenomena in nuclear systems. This work represents a significant step toward quantum simulations of open quantum systems and lays the foundation for future investigations into resonance structures in nuclear, atomic, and molecular physics.

The near-threshold proton resonance in ${}^{11}\mathrm{B}$, recently identified and characterized through independent experiments, plays a crucial role in understanding the unexpectedly high decay branch observed in the $\beta$-delayed proton emission (${\beta }^{-}p$) from the neutron halo nucleus ${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$. Critical to interpreting this process is the determination of whether or not this state has any significant $\alpha$-decay width (${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\alpha }$). A coincidence measurement was conducted to study the alpha-transfer reaction ${}^7\mathrm{Li}({}^7\mathrm{Li}, t){}^{11}\mathrm{B}^{*}\to {}^7\mathrm{Li}+\alpha$ employing the Super-Enge Split Pole Spectrograph coupled with a silicon detector at Florida State University. This experiment aimed to investigate the structure of $\alpha$ resonances in ${}^{11}\mathrm{B}$ in the $E_{\mathrm{ex}}=9.0$ MeV–14 MeV energy region. In particular, to explore and constrain the $\alpha$-decay branch of the near-threshold proton resonance at $E_{\mathrm{ex}}=11.44$ MeV. No significant $\alpha$-decay strength was observed from this state. Additionally, the experimental results provided insights into the state at $E_{\mathrm{ex}}=12.55$ MeV, previously proposed as the T = 3/2 isobaric analog state of the ${}^{11}\mathrm{Be}$ ground state. The observed decay pattern, dominated by $\alpha +{}^7\mathrm{Li}$, suggests a strong T = 1/2 component, indicating the need for further experimental measurements.

We apply the optimized-basis generator coordinate method (OptGCM) to $\mathit{sd}$-shell nuclei, ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}, {}^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, and ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$. This method variationally optimizes both the basis Slater determinants in the generator coordinate method (GCM) and the corresponding weight coefficients. To analyze the low-lying excited states of those nuclei, we implement the angular momentum projection. With the Skyrme interaction, we show that the simultaneous optimzation of the basis functions and the weight factors lowers the energy of the excited states and at the same time leads to an appreciable effect on transition probabilities. These results highlight the effectiveness of the OptGCM method.

Rotational bands of positive and negative parity are found experimentally in heavy-deformed even-even nuclei along with their corresponding $E2$ intraband and $E1$ interband transitions. In SU(3) symmetry-based models, calculating the $B\left(E2\right)$ strengths is relatively straightforward due to the relation between the $E2$ operator and the quadrupole generator of the algebra. On the other hand, calculating the $B\left(E1\right)$ strengths is a more challenging task, requiring computations involving the shell-model expansion of the dipole operator and multishell matrix elements. In this work, the $E1$ operator is expanded in SU(3) second-quantization formalism and applied to calculate the interband $B\left(E1\right)$ strengths of the isotope ${}^{224}\mathrm{Th}$ using the semimicroscopic algebraic quartet model (SAQM) based on the recently proposed proxy-SU(3) scheme.