We present a full $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ analysis of the BOSS DR12 dataset, including information from the power spectrum multipoles, the real-space power spectrum, the reconstructed power spectrum and the bispectrum monopole. This is the first analysis to feature a complete treatment of the galaxy bispectrum, including a consistent theoretical model and without large-scale cuts. Unlike previous works, the statistics are measured using window-free estimators: this greatly reduces computational costs by removing the need to window-convolve the theory model. Our pipeline is tested using a suite of high-resolution mocks and shown to be robust and precise, with systematic errors far below the statistical thresholds. Inclusion of the bispectrum yields consistent parameter constraints and shrinks the ${\sigma }_8$ posterior by 13% to reach $<5\%$ precision; less conservative analysis choices would reduce the error bars further. Our constraints are broadly consistent with Planck: in particular, we find $H_0={69.6}_{-1.3}^{+1.1}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$, ${\sigma }_8=0.692_{-0.041}^{+0.035}$ and $n_s=0.870_{-0.064}^{+0.067}$, including a BBN prior on the baryon density. When $n_s$ is set by Planck, we find $H_0=68.31_{-0.86}^{+0.83}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ and ${\sigma }_8=0.722_{-0.036}^{+0.032}$. Our $S_8$ posterior, $0.751\pm 0.039$, is consistent with weak lensing studies, but lower than Planck. Constraints on the higher-order bias parameters are significantly strengthened from the inclusion of the bispectrum, and we find no evidence for deviation from the dark matter halo bias relations. These results represent the most complete full-shape analysis of BOSS DR12 to-date, and the corresponding spectra will enable a variety of beyond-$\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ analyses, probing phenomena such as the neutrino mass and primordial non-Gaussianity.

In 2015 the PHENIX collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider recorded $p+p$, $p+\mathrm{Al}$, and $p+\mathrm{Au}$ collision data at center of mass energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ with the proton beam(s) transversely polarized. At very forward rapidities $\eta >6.8$ relative to the polarized proton beam, neutrons were detected either inclusively or in (anti)correlation with detector activity related to hard collisions. The resulting single spin asymmetries, that were previously reported, have now been extracted as a function of the transverse momentum of the neutron as well as its longitudinal momentum fraction $x_F$. The explicit kinematic dependence, combined with the correlation information allows for a closer look at the interplay of different mechanisms suggested to describe these asymmetries, such as hadronic interactions or electromagnetic interactions in ultraperipheral collisions, UPC. Events that are correlated with a hard collision indeed display a mostly negative asymmetry that increases in magnitude as a function of transverse momentum with only little dependence on $x_F$. In contrast, events that are not likely to have emerged from a hard collision display positive asymmetries for the nuclear collisions with a kinematic dependence that resembles that of a UPC based model. Because the UPC interaction depends strongly on the charge of the nucleus, those effects are very small for $p+p$ collisions, moderate for $p+\mathrm{Al}$ collisions, and large for $p+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions.

For theories that exhibit second-order phase transition, we conjecture that the large-order asymptotic behavior of the strong-coupling (high-temperature) series expansion takes the form ${\sigma }^n{n}^b$ where $b$ is a universal parameter. The associated critical exponent is then given by $b+1$. The series itself can be approximated by the hypergeometric approximants ${{}_{p}F}_{p-1}$ which can mimic the same large-order behavior of the given series. Near the tip of the branch cut, the hypergeometric function ${{}_{p}F}_{p-1}$ has a power-law behavior from which the critical exponent and critical coupling can be extracted. We test the conjecture in this work for the perturbation series of the ground state energy of the Yang-Lee model as a strong-coupling form of the $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric $i{\varphi }^3$ theory and the high-temperature expansion within the Ising model. From the known $b$ parameter for the Yang-Lee model, we obtain the exact critical exponents, which reflects the universality of $b$. Very accurate prediction for $b$ has been obtained from the many orders available for the high-temperature series expansion of the Ising model, which in turn predicts accurate critical exponents. Apart from critical exponents, the hypergeometric approximants for the Yang-Lee model show almost exact predictions for the ground state energy from low orders of perturbation series as input.

There are notable similarities between the marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs) present in the interior of a binary black hole merger and those present in the interior of the Schwarzschild black hole. Here we study the existence and properties of MOTSs with self-intersections in the interior of more general static and spherically symmetric black holes and coordinate systems. Our analysis is carried out in a parametrized family of Painlevé-Gullstrand-like coordinates that we introduce. First, for the Schwarzschild spacetime, we study the existence of these surfaces for various slicings of the spacetime finding them to be generic within the family of coordinate systems we investigate. Then, we study how an inner horizon affects the existence and properties of these surfaces by exploring examples: the Reissner-Nordström black hole and the four-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole. We find that an inner horizon results in a finite number of self-intersecting MOTSs, but their properties depend sensitively on the interior structure of the black hole. By analyzing the spectrum of the stability operator, we show that our results for two-horizon black holes provide exact-solution examples of recently observed properties of unstable MOTSs present in the interior of a binary black hole merger, such as the sequence of bifurcations/annihilations that lead to the disappearance of apparent horizons.

A necessary condition for a generally covariant scalar-tensor theory to be ghostfree is that it contains no extra degrees of freedom in the unitary gauge, in which the Lagrangian corresponds to the spatially covariant gravity. Compared with analyzing the scalar-tensor theory directly, it is simpler to map the spatially covariant gravity to the generally covariant scalar-tensor theory using the gauge recovering procedures. In order to ensure the resulting scalar-tensor theory to be ghostfree absolutely, i.e., no matter if the unitary gauge is accessible, a further covariant degeneracy/constraint analysis is required. We develop a method of covariant $3+1$ correspondence, which maps the spatially covariant gravity to the scalar-tensor theory in $3+1$ decomposed form without fixing any coordinates. Then the degeneracy conditions to remove the extra degrees of freedom can be found easily. As an illustration of this approach, we show how the Horndeski theory is recovered from the spatially covariant gravity. This approach can be used to find more general ghostfree scalar-tensor theory.

The power spectrum of reconstructed cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing maps is a powerful tool for constraints on cosmological parameters like the sum of the neutrino masses and the dark energy equation of state. One possible complication is the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect, due to the scattering of CMB photons by moving electrons, which can bias the reconstruction of the CMB lensing power spectrum through both kSZ-lensing correlations and the non-Gaussianity of the kSZ temperature anisotropies. We investigate for the first time the bias to CMB lensing reconstruction from temperature anisotropies due to the reionization-induced kSZ signal and show that it is negligible for both ongoing and upcoming experiments based on current numerical simulations of reionization. We also revisit the bias induced by the late-time kSZ field, using more recent kSZ simulations. We find that it is potentially twice as large as found in earlier studies, reaching values as large as several percent of the CMB lensing power spectrum signal, indicating that this bias will have to be mitigated in upcoming data analyses.

Dark matter can be boosted by various mechanisms, which may produce characteristic signals that are different from those of canonical dark matter. We show that the semiannihilation $\chi \chi \to \overline{\chi }\nu$ produces signals that are distinctive from those of other semiannihilation and standard dark matter annihilation processes. Because the boosted dark matter produced by the semiannihilation process is regarded as a high-energy neutrino, the total flux of the dark matter and the accompanying neutrino produce double peaks in the energy close to the dark matter mass. We show that it will be possible to detect both of the particles produced at the Sun using future large volume neutrino detectors such as those of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and Hyper-Kamiokande.

Gravitational wave science is a pioneering field with rapidly evolving data analysis methodology currently assimilating and inventing deep learning techniques. The bulk of the sophisticated flagship searches of the field rely on the time-tested matched filtering principle within their core. In this paper, we make a key observation on the relationship between the emerging deep learning and the traditional techniques: matched filtering is formally equivalent to a particular neural network. This means that a neural network can be constructed analytically to exactly implement matched filtering and can be further trained on data or boosted with additional complexity for improved performance. Moreover, we show that the proposed neural network architecture can outperform matched filtering, both with or without knowledge of a prior on the parameter distribution. When a prior is given, the proposed neural network can approach the statistically optimal performance. We also propose and investigate two different neural network architectures MNet-Shallow and MNet-Deep, both of which implement matched filtering at initialization and can be trained on data. MNet-Shallow has a simpler structure, while MNet-Deep is more flexible and can deal with a wider range of distributions. Our theoretical findings are corroborated by experiments using real LIGO data and synthetic injections, where our proposed methods significantly outperform matched filtering at false positive rates above $5\times {10}^{-3}\%$. The fundamental equivalence between matched filtering and neural networks allows us to define a “complexity standard candle” to characterize the relative complexity of the different approaches to gravitational wave signal searches in a common framework. Additionally, it also provides a glimpse of an intriguing symmetry that could provide clues on interpretability, namely how neural networks approach the problem of finding signals in overwhelming noise. Finally, our results suggest new perspectives on the role of deep learning in gravitational wave detection.

We investigate toy models for spatial and temporal instabilities in collective neutrino oscillations induced by neutrino self-interactions, with special emphasis on inhomogeneous systems with densities following a profile. Simulations are based on a Mathematica program that solves the Liouville equation with or without vacuum terms, refractive terms from a background medium, and neutrino-neutrino forward scattering, in one space dimension and in time. A discrete number of momentum modes are characterized by the neutrino velocity projection on the spatial direction. We also consider the effects of charged current interaction source terms and neutral current scattering contributions. We find that refractive effects from the medium, in particular for density distributions with a profile, and neutral current nonforward scattering off the background medium can strongly influence fast collective flavor transformations. Specifically we find that if both are present, fast flavor conversions can be strongly suppressed or at least delayed.

We place theoretical constraints on the leading deviations to four-fermion standard model interactions. Invoking S-matrix analyticity and partial wave unitarity, we develop new dispersion relations that yield either spin-dependent sum rules on dimension-six fermionic operators or information about the amplitude’s behavior at large momentum. The pattern of standard model effective theory inequalities we find for theories obeying certain large-momentum constraints enables a diagnosis of properties of emerging new physics. These relations form a bridge between new physics searches: discovery of flavor-violating $\tau$ decays at Belle II would motivate the search for flavor-conserving new physics below 25 TeV, as the results would provide definitive information about the UV.

Split Higgsinos are a compelling class of models to explain dark matter and may be on the verge of detection by multiple current experimental avenues. The idea is based on a large split in scales between the electroweak scale and decoupled scalars, with relatively light Higgsinos between the two. Such models enjoy the merit of depending on very few parameters while still explaining gauge coupling unification, dark matter, and most of the hierarchy between the Planck and electroweak scales, and they remain undetected by past experiments. We analyze split Higgsinos in view of current and next generation experiments. We discuss the direct and indirect detection prospects and further demonstrate promising discovery potentials in the upcoming electron electric dipole moment experiments. The parameter space of this model is analyzed in terms of experiments expected to run in the coming years and where we should be looking for the next potential discoveries.

In the seesaw framework, in the basis of $M_{\mathrm{R}}$ being diagonal, we explore the simplified textures of $M_{\mathrm{D}}$ that can naturally yield the trimaximal neutrino mixings and their consequences for the neutrino parameters and leptogenesis. We first formulate the generic textures of $M_{\mathrm{D}}$ that can naturally yield the trimaximal mixings and then examine if their parameters can be further reduced. Our analysis is restricted to the simple but instructive scenario that there is only one phase parameter $\varphi$ responsible for both the $CP$ violating effects at low energies and leptogenesis. Our attention is paid to the textures of $M_{\mathrm{D}}$ that possess some vanishing or equal elements. On the basis of these results, we further examine if $\varphi$ can also take a particular value. The consequences of the phenomenologically-viable simplified textures for the neutrino parameters and leptogenesis are studied. A concrete flavor-symmetry model that can realize one representation of them is given.

We study the tagging of Higgs exotic decay signals using different types of deep neural networks (DNNs) while focusing on the $W^{\pm }h$ associated production channel followed by Higgs decaying into $n$ $b$ quarks with $n=4$, 6, and 8. All the Higgs decay products are collected into a fat jet, to which we apply further selection using the DNNs. Three kinds of DNNs are considered—namely, the convolutional neural network, the recursive neural network, and the particle flow network (PFN). The PFN can achieve the best performance because its structure allows one to enfold more information in addition to the four-momenta of the jet constituents, such as the particle identifier, and tracks the parameters. Using the PFN as an example, we verify that it can serve as an efficient tagger even though it is trained on a different event topology with different $b$ multiplicity from the actual signal. The projected sensitivity to the branching ratio of Higgs decaying into $n$ $b$ quarks at the HL-LHC are 10%, 3%, and 1%, for $n=4$, 6, and 8, respectively.

The pion light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) is a central nonperturbative object of interest for high-energy exclusive processes in quantum chromodynamics. In this article, the second Mellin moment of the pion LCDA is determined as a proof-of-concept calculation for the first numerical implementation of the heavy-quark operator product expansion method. The resulting value for the second Mellin moment, determined in quenched QCD at a pion mass of $m_{\pi }=550\mathrm{MeV}$ at a factorization scale of 2 GeV is $⟨{\xi }^2⟩=0.210\pm 0.013(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.034(\mathrm{sys})$. This result is compatible with those from previous determinations of this quantity.

We address the nature of the $X(2370)$ resonance observed in the $J/\psi$ radiative decays, $J/\psi \to \gamma K^{+}{K}^{-}{\eta }^{\prime }$, $J/\psi \to \gamma K_S{K}_S{\eta }^{\prime }$, and $J/\psi \to \gamma {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\eta }^{\prime }$. By studying the invariant mass spectra, we confirm that the decays of the $X(2370)$ into three pseudo-scalars are well described by an effective chiral Lagrangian. We extract the branching ratio of $J/\psi \to X(2370)\gamma$ and show that it is an order of magnitude larger compared to the glueball production rate predicted by lattice QCD. This indicates that $X(2370)$ is not likely to be a glueball candidate.

The cross section for exclusive $\mathrm{\Upsilon }$ ultraperipheral photoproduction at present and future colliders is determined using the low $x$ gluon parton distribution function extracted from an analysis of exclusive $J/\psi$ measurements performed at the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator and the Large Hadron Collider. Predictions are given at next-to-leading order in collinear factorization over a wide $\gamma p$ centre-of-mass energy range, calculated assuming the nonrelativistic approximation for the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }$ wave function, and with skewing corrections incorporated.

The worm-gear transverse momentum dependent (TMD) function $g_{1T}$ is one of the eight leading-twist TMDs and has the probabilistic interpretation of finding a longitudinally polarized quark inside a transversely polarized hadron. In this work, we present the first simultaneous extraction of $g_{1T}$ from all the available experimental measurements. The study involves the analysis of COMPASS, HERMES, and Jefferson Lab data on semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering using Monte Carlo techniques. We also compare $g_{1T}$ obtained from this experimental data with different theoretical approaches, such as the large-$N_c$ approximation, the Wandzura-Wilczek-type approximation, and lattice QCD.

Geometric (Aharonov–Anandan) phases in neutrino oscillations have been claimed [Phys. Lett. B 780, 216 (2018)] to be sensitive to the Majorana phases in neutrino mixing. More recently, however, it has been pointed out [Phys. Lett. B 818, 136376 (2021)] that the proposed phases are not gauge invariant. Using both kinematic and geometric approaches, we show that all gauge-invariant Aharonov–Anandan phases (including the off-diagonal geometric phases associated with flavor transitions) are independent of the Majorana phases. This finding, which generalizes the well-known fact that conventional oscillation experiments cannot discern the Dirac or Majorana nature of the neutrino, implies that a hypothetical interference experiment cannot distinguish between the two either.

We revisit the description of pion production in proton-proton collisions in the light of the very precise data taken at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) over the past decade. First attempts to include LHC results in next-to-leading order global QCD analyses of parton-to-pion fragmentation functions insinuated some conflict between data sets at different center-of-mass system energies. We show that the data can be well described within their uncertainties by a consistent set of pion fragmentation functions once the theoretical scale dependence is taken into account in the global QCD analysis.