We perform an effective field theory-based coupled-channel analysis of the recent BES III data on the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation into the final state $K^{+}(D_s^{-}{D}^{*0}+D_s^{*-}{D}^0)$ in a wide energy range and extract the poles responsible for the formation of the $Z_{cs}(3982)$. We identify two scenarios which provide a similar description of the experimental mass distributions but result in utterly different predictions for the spin partners of the $Z_{cs}(3982)$: although both scenarios are consistent with the $Z_{cs}$ as a $SU(3)$ partner of the $Z_c(3900)$, the $Z_c(4020)$ appears naturally as a spin partner of these states only in one of them (fit 1) while in the other (fit 2) its nature has to be different. Also, the $Z_{cs}(3982)$ has a $J^P=1^{+}$ spin partner near the ${\overline{D}}_s^{*}{D}^{*}$ threshold in fit 1, while no such state exists in fit 2. We predict the ${\overline{D}}_s^{*}{D}^{*}$ invariant mass distribution in the $J^P=1^{+}$ channel for the reaction $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{+}{D}_s^{*-}{D}^{*0}$ and argue that this line shape can be used to distinguish between the two scenarios once data in this channel are available.

We use loop induced processes like meson oscillations and rare $b$ hadron decays to determine the absolute values of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements $|V_{ub}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$ and compare our results to the standard determinations based on inclusive and exclusive semileptonic tree-level decays of $B$ mesons. For many years there have been tensions between the inclusive and exclusive determinations. Assuming the absence of new physics, we find that meson oscillation data shows a slight preference for the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ and the exclusive value for $|V_{ub}|$. Rare $b$ decay data prefers values for $|V_{cb}|$ far below the inclusive and exclusive determinations, offering a new perspective on some of the persistent rare $b$ decay anomalies.

The cross section of the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \omega {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ is measured at nineteen center-of-mass energies from 2.0 to 3.08 GeV using data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. A resonant structure around 2.20 GeV is observed with statistical significance larger than $5\sigma$. Using a coherent fit to the cross section line shape, the mass and width are determined to be $M=2222\pm 7\pm 2\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ and $\mathrm{\Gamma }=59\pm 30\pm 6\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.

We study dimensional reduction of M5 branes on a circle bundle when the supersymmetry parameter is not constant along the circle. When the gauge group is Abelian and the fields appear quadratically in the Lagrangian, we can always obtain a supersymmetric five-dimensional theory by keeping fermionic nonzero modes that match with the corresponding nonzero modes of the supersymmetry parameter, and by keeping the zero modes for the bosonic fields as usual. But a supersymmetric non-Abelian generalization can be found only under special circumstances. One instance where we find a non-Abelian supersymmetric generalization is when we perform dimensional reduction along a null direction.

Astonishing cancellations take place in the calculation of high-energy scattering cross sections in quantum quadratic gravity, a quantum field theory for gravity. Tree-level differential cross sections that are minimally inclusive behave as $1/E^2$, as desired for a well-behaved UV completion. Such cross sections are calculated for the various spin states of the massless and massive graviparticles. These describe the hard scattering processes that occur in a picture involving the gravitational analog of parton showers. The structure of some of the simpler amplitudes is also explored. Unitarity without positivity is the key property of the perturbative theory.

We investigate, within the framework of quantum field theory in curved space, the correlations across the horizon of a black hole in order to highlight the particle-partner pair creation mechanism at the origin of Hawking radiation. The analysis concerns both acoustic black holes, formed by Bose-Einstein condensates, and gravitational black holes. More precisely, we have considered a typical acoustic black hole metric with two asymptotic homogeneous regions and the Schwarzschild metric as describing a gravitational black hole. By considering equal-time correlation functions, we find a striking disagreement between the two cases: the expected characteristic peak centered along the trajectories of the Hawking particles and their partners seems to appear only for the acoustic black hole and not for the gravitational Schwarzschild one. The reason for that is the existence of a quantum atmosphere displaced from the horizon as the locus of origin of Hawking radiation together, and this is the crucial aspect, with the presence of a central singularity in the gravitational case swallowing everything is trapped inside the horizon. Correlations, however, are not absent in the gravitational case; to see them, one simply has to consider correlation functions at unequal times, which indeed display the expected peak.

The most sensitive haloscopes that search for axion dark matter through the two photon electromagnetic anomaly convert axions into photons through the mixing of axions with a large background direct current (DC) magnetic field. In this work we apply the Poynting theorem to the resulting axion modified electrodynamics and identify two possible Poynting vectors, one which is similar to the Abraham Poynting vector in electrodynamics and the other to the Minkowski Poynting vector. Inherently the conversion of axions to photons is a nonconservative process with respect to the created oscillating photonic degree of freedom. We show that the Minkowski Poynting theorem picks up the added nonconservative terms while the Abraham does not. The nonconservative terms may be categorized more generally as “curl forces,” which in classical physics are nonconservative and nondissipative forces localized in space, not describable by a scalar potential and exist outside the global conservative physical equations of motion. To understand the source of energy conversion and power flow in the detection systems, we apply the two different Poynting theorems to both the resonant cavity haloscope and the broadband low-mass axion haloscope. Our calculations show that both Poynting theorems give the same sensitivity for a resonant cavity axion haloscope, but predict markedly different sensitivity for the low-mass broadband capacitive haloscope. Hence we ask the question, can understanding which one is the relevant one for axion dark matter detection be considered under the framework of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy? In reality, this should be confirmed by experiment when the axion is detected. However, many electrodynamic experiments have ruled in favor of the Minkowski Poynting vector when considering the canonical momentum in dielectric media. In light of this, we show that the axion modified Minkowski Poynting vector should indeed be taken seriously for sensitivity calculation for low-mass axion haloscopes in the quasistatic limit, and predict orders of magnitude better sensitivity than the Abraham Poynting vector equivalent.

The aim of this paper is to study the local and the global thermodynamic properties of the three-dimensional rotating Gauss-Bonnet black hole. To this end we consider the conditions for local and global thermodynamic stability of the solution in a given ensemble of state quantities. Concerning the local analysis we found the regions of stability for every physical specific heat together with the existing Davies curves. Another central result is the generalization of the notion of global thermodynamic stability, known from the standard thermodynamics, to describe the global equilibrium of black holes. The new approach consists of applying specific Legendre transformation of the energy or the entropy to find the natural thermodynamic potential for the given ensemble of macro parameters. The global stability analysis, restricted to the week positivity conjecture, is based on the properties of the new thermodynamic potential. The advantage of this method is that it allows one to chose different potentials, corresponding to different constraints to which the system may be subjected. Finally, we find it natural to impose global thermodynamic stability only where a local one exists for the given black hole solution.

We present a simple mechanism which allows the simultaneous generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe along with its dark matter content. To this goal, we employ the out-of-equilibrium decays of heavy bath states into a feebly coupled dark matter particle and Standard Model charged fermions. These decays lead to dark matter production via the freeze-in mechanism and, assuming that they further violate $CP$, can generate a viable matter-antimatter asymmetry in the resonant regime. We illustrate this mechanism by studying a particular realization of this general scenario, where the role of the heavy bath particles is played by $SU(3{)}_c\times SU(2{)}_L$-singlet vectorlike fermions with a nonzero hypercharge and dark matter is identified with a gauge-singlet real scalar field. We show that in the context of this simple model the cosmological constraints for the dark matter abundance and the baryon asymmetry are satisfied for masses of heavy vectorlike fermion states of a few TeV, potentially within reach of the high-luminosity run of the Large Hadron Collider. Dark matter, in turn, is predicted to be rather light, with a mass of a few keV.

This work characterizes the sky localization and early warning performance of different networks of third generation gravitational wave detectors, consisting of different combinations of detectors with either the Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer configuration in sites in North America, Europe, and Australia. Using a Fisher matrix method which includes the effect of earth rotation, we estimate the sky localization uncertainty for $1.4M_{\odot }–1.4M_{\odot }$ binary neutron star mergers at distances 40, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 Mpc, to characterize each network’s performance for binary neutron star observations at a given distance. We also characterize each network’s sky localization capability for an assumed astrophysical population up to redshift $\le 2$. Furthermore, we also study the capabilities for the different networks to localize a binary neutron star merger prior to merger (early warning) and characterize the network performance for sky localization uncertainty between 1 and 30 square degrees. We find that, for example, for binary neutron star mergers at 200 Mpc and a network consisting of the Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and an extra Einstein Telescope-like detector in Australia (2ET1CE), the upper limit of the size of the 90% credible region for the best localized 90% signals is $0.25{\mathrm{deg}}^2$. For the simulated astrophysical distribution this upper limit is $91.79{\mathrm{deg}}^2$. If the Einstein Telescope-like detector in Australia is replaced with a Cosmic Explorer-like detector (1ET2CE), for signals at 200 Mpc, the size of the 90% credible region for the best localized 90% signals is $0.18{\mathrm{deg}}^2$, while the corresponding value for the best localized 90% sources following the astrophysical distribution is $56.77{\mathrm{deg}}^2$. We note that the 1ET2CE network can detect 7.2% more of the simulated astrophysical population than the 2ET1CE network. In terms of early warning performance (e.g., 200 Mpc), we find that a network of 2ET1CE and 1ET2CE networks can both provide early warnings of the order of one hour prior to merger with sky localization uncertainties of 30 square degrees or less. In some cases, the 2ET1CE network is capable of estimating the sky location with an uncertainty of five square degrees or less on timescales of about one hour prior to merger. Our study concludes that the 1ET2CE network is a good compromise between binary neutron stars detection rate, sky localization, and early warning capabilities.

Right-handed neutrinos appear in several extensions beyond the Standard Model, especially in connection to neutrino masses. Motivated by this, we present a model of right-handed neutrino dark matter that interacts with Standard Model particles through a new gauge symmetry as well as via mass mixing between the new vector field and the Z boson, and investigate different production mechanisms. We derive the dark matter relic density when the Hubble rate is faster than usual, when dark matter decouples in a matter domination epoch, and when it decouples in a radiation domination regime, which is then followed by a matter domination era. The direct detection rate features a spin-independent but velocity suppressed operator, as well as a spin-dependent operator when the mass mixing is correctly accounted for. We put all these results into perspective with existing flavor physics, atomic parity violation, and collider bounds. Lastly, we outline the region of parameter space in which weak-scale right-handed neutrino dark matter stands as a viable dark matter candidate.

It is well known that the scotogenic model for neutrino mass generation can explain correctly the relic abundance of cold dark matter. There have been claims in the literature that an important part of the parameter space of the simplest scotogentic model can be constrained by the requirement that no $Z_2$-breaking must occur in the early universe. Here we show that this requirement does not give any constraints on the underlying parameter space at least in those parts, where we can trust perturbation theory. To demonstrate this, we have taken into account the proper decoupling of heavy degrees of freedom in both the thermal potential and in the RGE evolution.

We study the chiral interactions of the hidden charm $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ system within chiral effective field theory. Chiral Lagrangians are constructed by incorporating the chiral symmetry, heavy quark symmetry, as well as proper charge conjugation properties of the heavy mesons. The interacting potentials of the $S$-wave $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ system are calculated up to the second chiral order at a one-loop level, where complete two-pion exchange interactions are included. We further investigate the behaviors of the potentials in coordinate space, and their bound state properties. Our studies indicate that there exists an interacting strength ordering among considered four channels: $\mathrm{str}.[0^{+}(1^{++})]>\mathrm{str}.[0^{-}(1^{+-})]>\mathrm{str}.[1^{+}(1^{+-})]>\mathrm{str}.[1^{-}(1^{++})]$, where str. stands for the strength of the $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ interaction. Moreover, we find that $X(3872)$ can be treated as a good candidate of the $0^{+}(1^{++})$ molecular state. $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ also tends to form $0^{-}(1^{+-})$ and $1^{+}(1^{+-})$ molecular states, and we expect future experiments to search for the predicted multiple structures around the $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ mass region.

By analyzing the calculated baryon number susceptibility ratios ${\chi }_1^B/{\chi }_2^B$ and ${\chi }_3^B/{\chi }_1^B$ in a two-flavor system via the Dyson-Schwinger equation approach of QCD, we determine the chemical freeze-out temperature and baryon chemical potential in cases of both thermodynamic limit and finite size. We calculate the center-of-mass energy dependence of the ${\chi }_4^B/{\chi }_2^B(\kappa {\sigma }^2)$ at the freeze-out line and find an excellent agreement with experimental data when taking into account the finite size effect. Our calculations indicate that the $\kappa {\sigma }^2$ exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior in the lower collision energy region. We also predict that the collision energy dependence of ${\chi }_6^B/{\chi }_2^B$ is nonmonotonic.

From a study of the line shape of the $X(3872)$, the LHCb collaboration measures a sizeable negative effective range. This cannot be reconciled with a shallow $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ bound state hypothesis. Based on Weinberg’s compositeness criterion, together with a theorem by Smorodinsky, it follows that the $X$ has to have a compact hidden charm structure interacting with unbound $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ pairs via short-distance color forces. This conclusion is strengthened by the general pattern recently emerging from exotic mesons.

We investigate several hydrodynamization times for an ensemble of different far-from-equilibrium solutions of the strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma undergoing Bjorken flow. For the ensemble of initial data analyzed in the present work, we find that, with typical tolerances between 3% to 5%, the average hydrodynamization time associated with the late time convergence of the pressure anisotropy to the corresponding Borel resummed hydrodynamic attractor is approximately equal to the average hydrodynamization time associated with the Navier-Stokes result, while both are shorter than the average hydrodynamization time associated with second-order hydrodynamics. On the other hand, we find that the entropy density of the different solutions coalesces to second-order hydrodynamics long before entering in the Navier-Stokes regime. A clear hierarchy between the different average hydrodynamization times of the Bjorken expanding fluid is established for the set of analyzed initial data, comprising also some solutions which, whilst satisfying the dominant and the weak energy conditions at the initial time, evolve such as to transiently violate one or both conditions when the fluid is still far from equilibrium. In particular, solutions violating the weak energy condition are generally found to take a longer time to enter in the hydrodynamic regime than the other solutions.

We compute correlation functions, specifically 1-point and 2-point functions, in holographic boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) using geodesic approximation. The holographic model consists of a massive scalar field coupled to a Karch-Randall brane—a rigid boundary in the bulk AdS space. Geodesic approximation requires the inclusion of paths reflecting off of this brane, which we show in detail. For the 1-point function, we find agreement between geodesic approximation and the harder $\mathrm{\Delta }$-exact calculation, and we give a novel derivation of boundary entropy using the result. For the 2-point function, we find a factorization phase transition and a mysterious set of anomalous boundary-localized BCFT operators. We also discuss some puzzles concerning these operators.

We use the numerical conformal bootstrap to study six-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ superconformal field theories with flavor symmetry ${\mathfrak{so}}_{4k}$. We present evidence that minimal $(D_k,D_k)$ conformal matter saturates the unitarity bounds for arbitrary $k$. Furthermore, using the extremal-functional method, we check that the chiral-ring relations are correctly reproduced, extract the anomalous dimensions of low-lying long superconformal multiplets, and find hints for novel operator product expansion selection rules involving type-$\mathcal{B}$ multiplets.

Extra-dimensional components of gauge fields in higher-dimensional gauge theories will play a role of the Higgs field and become tachyonic after Kaluza-Klein compactifications on internal spaces with (topologically nontrivial) gauge field backgrounds. Its condensation is then expected to break gauge symmetries spontaneously. But, contrary to the expectation, some models exhibit restoration of gauge symmetries. In this paper, by considering all the massive Kaluza-Klein excitations of gauge fields, we explicitly show that some of them indeed become massless at the minimum of the Higgs potential and restore (a part of) the gauge symmetries which are broken by gauge field backgrounds. We particularly consider compactifications on $S^2$ with monopolelike fluxes and also on ${\mathbb{CP}}^2$ with instanton and monopolelike fluxes. In some cases, the gauge symmetry is fully restored, as argued in previous literatures. In other cases, there is a stable vacuum with a partial restoration of the gauge symmetry after Higgs condensation. Topological structure of the gauge field configurations prevent the gauge symmetries from being restored.

We study dynamics of $SU(N-4)$ gauge theories with fermions in rank-2 symmetric tensor and $N$ antifundamental representations, by perturbing supersymmetric theories with anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking. We find the $SU(N)\times U(1)$ global symmetry is dynamically broken to $SO(N)$ for $N\ge 17$, a different result from conjectures in the literature. For $N<17$, the theory initially flows to a superconformal fixed point, but is diverted by the soft masses, which act as a relevant perturbation.