Evolution and coexistence of shape and the related spectroscopic properties of even-even Te isotopes are investigated within the quadrupole collective model that is based on the nuclear density functional theory. By means of the constrained self-consistent mean-field calculations performed within the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov method with a choice of the energy density functional and pairing interaction, the deformation-dependent mass parameters and moments of inertia as well as collective potential of the triaxial quadrupole collective Hamiltonian are completely determined. The collective model produces for the near mid-shell nuclei, e.g., ${}^{116}\mathrm{Te}$ and ${}^{118}\mathrm{Te}$, the low-energy $0_2^{+}$ state, which can be interpreted as the intruder state originating from the strongly deformed prolate minimum in the potential energy surface, along with the $0_1^{+}$ ground state that is attributed to the normal state based on a weakly oblate deformed global minimum. The collective model calculation suggests a parabolic behavior of the $0_2^{+}$ energy level near the neutron mid-shell $N=66$, as observed experimentally. Sensitivities of the calculated low-energy spectra to the pairing strength and collective mass parameters are analyzed.

This study investigates the ${}^{51}\mathrm{V}+{}^{159}\mathrm{Tb}\to {}^{210}\mathrm{Ra}^{*}$ reaction through measurements of both the entrance-channel barrier distribution and detailed excitation functions for the $xn, pxn$, and $\alpha xn$ channels over a wide energy range. This research extends systematic studies of reactions involving beams heavier than ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ on deformed heavy targets, linking cross section measurements to the side-collision configuration effects observed in superheavy nuclei synthesis. Additionally, a significant enhancement of channels with charged-particle emission is observed compared to the neutron exit channels, with the $\alpha 3n$ channel yielding a peak cross section of $41.7\pm 5.0\mu \mathrm{b}$ at $E_{\text{c.m.}}=177.7\pm 1.5\mathrm{MeV}$, an order of magnitude higher than $4.7\pm 1.5\mu \mathrm{b}$ measured at the peak of the $3n$ exit channel at $E_{\text{c.m.}}=162.5\pm 1.5\mathrm{MeV}$. Comparisons with reactions using the same target but different projectiles, ${}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ and ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$, which do not exhibit such enhancement, are discussed. The analysis, interpretation, and comparison with theoretical calculations are performed using the ccfull code and a statistical model.

Background: Neutron multiplicity is an excellent probe for understanding different timescales involved in the various stages of the fusion-fission process. Although the average neutron multiplicity in fission was extensively studied, only a limited number of studies have been performed to measure neutron multiplicity in correlation with the fission fragment mass and total kinetic energy (TKE) distributions.

Purpose: The aim is to investigate the dynamical properties of different fission modes by measuring neutron multiplicities in correlation with fission fragment mass and TKE distributions. This study also aims to segregate the compound nuclear and noncompound nuclear events in the present system.

Method: For the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ reaction at a beam energy of 73 MeV, the mass and TKE of the fission fragments were measured by the time-of-flight technique using two large area position-sensitive multiwire proportional counters. The mass and TKE-dependent pre- and post-scission neutron multiplicities were extracted by analyzing the measured angular correlation of the neutron energy spectra obtained from the moving source fitting procedure.

Results: The neutron multiplicity is observed to be slightly lower for asymmetric mass split in comparison to symmetric mass split. The pre- and total-neutron multiplicity is observed to decrease with increasing TKE. The fission fragment mass and angular correlation does not show the presence of any measurable noncompound nuclear events.

Conclusions: A weak decrease of neutron multiplicities from symmetric to asymmetric mass splits but a strong decrease of pre- and total-neutron multiplicities as a function of TKE have been observed. The present results are consistent with free energy surface calculations for fusion-fission reaction.

Measurements of (anti)deuteron and (anti)${}^3\mathrm{He}$ production in the rapidity range $\left|y\right|<0.5$ as a function of the transverse momentum and event multiplicity in Xe-Xe collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.44$ TeV are presented. The coalescence parameters $B_2$ and $B_3$ are measured as a function of the transverse momentum per nucleon. The ratios between (anti)deuteron and (anti)${}^3\mathrm{He}$ yields and those of (anti)protons and pions are reported as a function of the mean charged-particle multiplicity density and compared with two implementations of the statistical hadronization model and with coalescence predictions. The elliptic flow of (anti)deuterons is measured for the first time in Xe-Xe collisions and shows features similar to those already observed in Pb-Pb collisions, i.e., the mass ordering at low transverse momentum and the meson-baryon grouping at intermediate transverse momentum. The production of nuclei is particularly sensitive to the chemical freeze-out temperature of the system created in the collision, which is extracted from a grand-canonical-ensemble-based thermal fit, performed for the first time including light nuclei along with light-flavor hadrons in Xe-Xe collisions. The extracted chemical freeze-out temperature $T_{\mathrm{chem}}=(154.2\pm 1.1)$ MeV in Xe-Xe collisions is similar to that observed in Pb-Pb collisions and close to the crossover temperature predicted by lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations.

The density dependence of the symmetry energy in relativistic mean-field models with density dependent couplings is discussed in terms of the possible opening of nucleonic direct Urca processes inside neutron stars, which induce a very rapid cooling of the star. The modification of the parametrization of the isospin channel of two models, DD2 and DDMEX, keeping the same isoscalar properties is considered and the implications are discussed. Within the models discussed it is not possible the onset of nucleonic direct Urca processes in stars with a mass below $\approx 1.6M_{\odot }$ if chiral effective-field theory constraints for neutron matter are imposed. A Bayesian inference calculation confirms the low probability that nucleonic direct Urca processes occur inside stars with masses below $1.8M_{\odot }$, considering the isoscalar channel of the equation of state described by DD2 or DDMEX and the same symmetry energy at saturation. The lowest masses allowing direct Urca processes are associated with a slope of the symmetry energy above $60\mathrm{MeV}$ and most likely a positive symmetry energy incompressibility. It is shown that the parametrization of the isospin channel proposed destroys the correlation between symmetry energy slope and incompressibility previously identified in several works.

The ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}(p,\gamma ){}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction is the only process to break out of the CNO cycle at temperature below 0.1 GK and may serve as the origin of calcium in first generation of stars after the Big Bang. In the recent measurement, the Jinping Underground Nuclear Experiment (JUNA) obtained the rate of ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}(p,\gamma ){}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction, significantly larger than the previously recommended values. In this work, we perform the theoretical studies of the ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}(p,\gamma ){}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction using the Gamow shell model in the coupled-channel representation (GSM-CC). At temperature around 0.1 GK, the predicted rate by GSM-CC is close to the rate found by JUNA. Thus, based on GSM-CC, the break-out reaction ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}(p,\gamma ){}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ from the CNO cycle might win over its competing reaction ${}^{19}\mathrm{F}(p,\alpha ){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and produce enough calcium in the metal poor stars.

In this Letter, we propose a new experimental method to check the contribution of the chiral magnetic effect (CME). With experimental data of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) involving transversely polarized proton, we have calculated the three-dimensional charge density inside the polarized proton, which is found to have a significant violation to spherical symmetry. Then we have calculated the property of electromagnetic field (EM field) generated by a single transversely polarized proton ($p^{\uparrow }$). Based on them, the EM fields generated in small collision system $p^{\uparrow }+A$ are studied. We find that the orientation of this EM field has a significant dependence on the polarization direction of the proton, and the correlator ($\mathrm{\Delta }\gamma$) has also significant dependence on the angle between the reaction plane and polarization direction. As background contributions are canceled comparing two collision geometry schemes, only the contribution of CME remains.

Within an isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model by including the kaon reaction channels, we study the kaon prodution in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) at SIS (Darmstadt Schwerionen Synchrotron, GSI) energies. Based on simulations of a centrality of 0–40% Au $+$ Au collision at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4\mathrm{GeV}$, a typical reaction that has been carried out by the HADES Collaboration, we confirm that the medium modification of kaon masses plays a vital role in studying the kaon productions in HICs and is also unavoidable for the successful interpretation of the HADES data on kaon rapidity distributions and transverse mass spectra. Moreover, it is shown that the directed flows of kaons are affected significantly by the kaon potential and slightly affected by the medium modification of kaon masses. Also, the rapidity-dependent inverse slope parameter $T_B$ of the kaon transverse mass spectra is shown to be affected considerably by both the kaon potential and medium modification of kaon masses. However, through checking the simulations of related reactions in FOPI and/or KaoS experiments, some of these regular effects do not seem to be obvious and appear to be the reaction system and/or beam energy dependent. Nevertheless, it can be confirmed that the medium modification of kaon masses is favored by observations from the inverse slope parameter $T_B$ and transverse mass spectra of kaons in both HADES Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4\mathrm{GeV}$ and FOPI Ni $+$ Ni collisions at $1.93A$ GeV. Therefore, measurements of the inverse slope parameter $T_B$ of kaon transverse mass spectra and the kaon directed flows in HADES Au $+$ Au collisions would be great benefit to detection of the kaon potential and the corresponding medium effects on kaon masses.

We perform high-statistics simulations to study the impacts of nuclear structure on the ratios of anisotropic flow observables in ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}+{}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Even with $40\%$ difference in atomic numbers between ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ nuclei, the ratios of anisotropic flow in the same centrality class between the two collision systems are strongly affected by the nuclear structure inputs in the initial state. The ratios of $v_2\left\{4\right\}/v_2\left\{2\right\}$ in these collisions are sensitive to the nuclear skin thickness of the colliding nuclei, providing indirect constraints on the nuclei's neutron skin. Our model predictions serve as a benchmark to compare with experimental measurements.

The chiral nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interaction at high cutoffs has been plagued by the presence of spurious bound states. In this work, the chiral $NN$ interaction at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LO}$) is studied by the local projection method as the cutoff increases. The evolution of short-range behaviors of pion-exchange interactions and contact interactions is intuitively demonstrated. The $P$-channel potentials toward high cutoffs appear to be erratic at short ranges to compromise with phase shifts, while such erratic behaviors can be avoided in $S$ and $D$ channels. Furthermore, a chiral $NN$ interaction at ${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LO}$ is studied at a cutoff of 700 MeV. The properties of deuteron and triton are examined using this interaction. This study is expected to provide some clues for understanding the renormalization issues of chiral nuclear interactions.

In this work we present the study of $p\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $pp\mathrm{\Lambda }$ scattering processes using femtoscopic correlation functions. This observable has been recently used to access the low-energy interaction of hadrons emitted in the final state of high-energy collisions, delivering unprecedented precision information of the interaction among strange hadrons. The formalism for particle pairs is well established and it relates the measured correlation functions with the scattering wave function and the emission source. In the present work we analyze the $NN\mathrm{\Lambda }$ scattering in free space and relate the corresponding wave function to the $pp\mathrm{\Lambda }$ correlation measurement performed by the ALICE collaboration. The three-body problem is solved using the hyperspherical adiabatic basis. Regarding the $p\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and $pp\mathrm{\Lambda }$ interactions, different models are used and their impact on the correlation function is studied. The three-body force considered in this work is anchored to describe the binding energy of the hypertriton and to give a good description of the two four-body hypernuclei. As a main result we have observed a huge, low-energy peak in the $pp\mathrm{\Lambda }$ correlation function, mainly produced by the $J^{\pi }=1/2^{+}$ three-body state. The study of this peak from an experimental as well as a theoretical point of view will provide important constraints to the two- and three-body interactions.

We investigate the $B\left(E2\right)$ anomaly observed in neutron-deficient $A\approx 170$ nuclei by employing an extended consistent-$Q$ Hamiltonian with a third-order term in the interacting boson model. Our analysis demonstrates that including this third-order term accurately describes both the low-lying level energies and $B\left(E2\right)$ ratios in ${}^{168,170,172}\mathrm{Os}$, ${}^{172,174,176}\mathrm{Pt}$, and ${}^{166}\mathrm{W}$.

In this work, we present the elastic electron scattering longitudinal form factors of $A\le 10$ nuclei computed in a variational Monte Carlo approach. We employ the Norfolk family of local chiral interactions and a consistent electromagnetic charge operator. Our calculations are compared both to data and past theoretical evaluations. This work represents, to our knowledge, the first accurate calculation of longitudinal form factors using many-body methods based on interacting nucleon degrees of freedom in the $7\le A\le 10$ mass range. Finally, we identify ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}^{10}\mathrm{B}$ as candidate targets for renewed experimental interest, as they exhibit the potential to provide more stringent constraints on the theoretical models.

We study the shape coexistence in the nucleus ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ with the nuclear shell model using numerical diagonalizations complemented with variational calculations based on the projected generator-coordinate method. The theoretical electric quadrupole moments and transitions as well as the collective wave functions indicate that the standard USDB interaction in the $sd$ shell describes well the ground-state oblate rotational band, but misses the experimental prolate band. Guided by the quasi-SU(3) model, we show that the prolate band can be reproduced in the $sd$ shell by reducing the energy of the $0d_{3/2}$ orbital. Alternatively, in the extended $sdpf$ configuration space a modification of the SDPF-NR interaction that accommodates cross-shell excitations also reproduces the oblate and prolate bands. Finally, we address the possibility of superdeformation in ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ within the $sdpf$ space. Our results indicate that superdeformed structures appear at about 18–20 MeV.

The $d\text{−}t$ collisions have a minor reaction branch, of the order of ${10}^{-5}$, involving $\gamma$ emission from the incident state with the spin of $3/2^{+}$ to the final $3/2^{-}$ and $1/2^{-}$ states of the $\alpha \text{−}n$ system. Standard $E1$ treatment of such a transition results in zero cross sections because of the spin conservation rule. For this reason, the first theoretical work on $d+t\to \alpha +n+\gamma$ [Phys. Rev. C 110, 014612 (2024)], described the $E1$ transition as coming from the high-energy $d$-wave spin-1/2 state of the $\alpha \text{−}n$ partition of ${}^5\mathrm{He}$, coupled to the $d\text{−}t$ component by tensor interaction. However, the exact $E1$ operator contains a contribution from the usually neglected magnetization current, represented by the nucleon spin operators, which can allow the $E1 d+t\to \alpha +n+\gamma$ transition to occur without passing via the $d$-wave spin-1/2 $\alpha \text{−}n$ channel. The present paper studies the magnetization-current-induced $E1$ transition using several potential models of the $d\text{−}t$ interaction. It was found that the strength of this transition depends strongly on the choice of the $d\text{−}t$ interaction model. With the optical folding potential, correctly capturing the deuteron extended structure, this contribution is suppressed by three orders of magnitude, thus validating its neglect in the previous work.

This paper describes a measurement of the jet radius dependence of the dijet momentum balance between leading back-to-back jets in $1.72{\mathrm{nb}}^{-1}$ of $\text{Pb}+\text{Pb}$ collisions collected in 2018 and $255{\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected in 2017 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Both datasets were collected at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-$k_t$ algorithm with jet radius parameters $R=0.2$, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. The dijet momentum balance distributions are constructed for leading jets with transverse momentum $p_{\text{T}}$ from 100 to 562 GeV for $R=0.2$, 0.3, and 0.4 jets, and from 158 to 562 GeV for $R=0.5$ and 0.6 jets. The absolutely normalized dijet momentum balance distributions are constructed to compare measurements of the dijet yields in $\text{Pb}+\text{Pb}$ collisions directly to the dijet cross sections in $pp$ collisions. For all jet radii considered here, there is a suppression of more balanced dijets in $\text{Pb}+\text{Pb}$ collisions compared with $pp$ collisions, while for more imbalanced dijets there is an enhancement. There is a jet radius dependence to the dijet yields, being stronger for more imbalanced dijets than for more balanced dijets. Additionally, jet pair nuclear modification factors are measured. The subleading jet yields are found to be more suppressed than leading jet yields in dijets. A jet radius dependence of the pair nuclear modification factors is observed, with the suppression decreasing with increasing jet radius. These measurements provide new constraints on jet quenching scenarios in the quark-gluon plasma.

We explicitly present the comparison of the results for the astrophysical $S$ factor and reaction rate for the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}(p,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Be}$ capture process at astrophysical energies, presented by Dubovichenko et al. [Phys. Rev. C 105, 065806 (2022)] and Tursunov et al. [Phys. Rev. C 108, 065801 (2023)] obtained within the framework of potential models. We demonstrate that both potential model approaches describe successfully the astrophysical $S$ factor and reaction rate simultaneously and reproduce the LUNA Collaboration [Phys. Rev. C 102, 052802(R) (2020)] results.

The majority of atomic nuclei have deformed shapes and nearly all these shapes are symmetric with respect to reflection. There are only a few reflection asymmetric pear-shaped nuclei that have been found in actinide and lanthanide regions, which have static octupole deformation. These nuclei possess an intrinsic electric dipole moment due to the shift between the center of charge and the center of mass. This manifests in the enhancement of the electric dipole transition rates. In this article, we report on the measurement of the lifetimes of the high-spin levels of the two alternating-parity bands in ${}^{100}\mathrm{Ru}$ through the Doppler shift attenuation method. The estimated electric dipole transition rates have been compared with the calculated transition rates using the triaxial projected shell model without octupole deformation and are found to be an order of magnitude enhanced. Thus, the observation of seven interleaved electric dipole transitions with enhanced rates establish ${}^{100}\mathrm{Ru}$ as possibly the first octupole deformed nucleus reported in the $A\approx 100$ mass region.