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  • Open Access

Emulating 2D Materials with Magnons

Bobby Kaman1,*, Jinho Lim1, Yingkai Liu2, and Axel Hoffmann1,†

  • *Contact author: kaman3@illinois.edu
  • †Contact author: axelh@illinois.edu
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Phys. Rev. X 16, 011034 – Published 24 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t7tm-nxyl

Abstract

Spin waves (magnons) in two-dimensional (2D) materials have received increasing interest due to their unique states and potential for tunability. However, many interesting features of these systems, including Dirac points and topological states, occur at high frequencies, where experimental probes are limited. Here, we study a crystal formed by patterning a hexagonal array of holes in a perpendicularly magnetized thin film. Through simulation, we find that the magnonic band structure imitates that of graphene, but additionally has some kagomelike character and includes a few flat bands. Surprisingly, its nature can be understood using a nine-band tight-binding Hamiltonian. This clear analogy to 2D materials enables band-gap engineering in 2D, topological magnons along 1D phase boundaries, and spectrally isolated modes at 0D point defects. Interestingly, the 1D phase boundaries allow access to the valley degree of freedom through a magnonic analog of the quantum valley Hall insulator. These approaches can be extended to other magnonic systems, but are potentially more general due to the simplicity of the model, which resembles existing results from electron, phonon, photon, and cold-atom systems. This finding brings the physics of spin waves in 2D materials to more experimentally accessible scales, augments it, and outlines a few principles for controlling magnonic states.

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Popular Summary

Accessing and controlling magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional materials remains difficult due to the complex experimental requirements for probing their magnons, the fundamental excitations of magnetic materials. We addressed this by demonstrating that a simple geometry of holes patterned into a yttrium iron garnet thin film creates a magnetic metamaterial that emulates the behavior of two-dimensional quantum materials. Our finite element analysis shows that an uncharacteristically simple model can describe these dynamics, allowing us to use analogies from electronic systems to engineer band gaps and manipulate band topology. We utilized this framework to create one-dimensional and zero-dimensional states that enable direct control over the flow of energy and information. These findings bridge the fields of two-dimensional electronics and thin-film magnetism, providing a versatile platform for engineering magnonic states and exploring the physics of quantum materials.

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Phys. Rev. X 16, 011034– Published 24 February, 2026
  • Received 28 August 2025
  • Revised 17 December 2025
  • Accepted 30 January 2026
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