• Accepted Paper

Non-invertible bosonic chiral symmetry on the lattice

Lukasz Fidkowski, Cenke Xu, and Carolyn Zhang

Phys. Rev. X - Accepted 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hl1d-99hv

Abstract

In this work we realize the 3+1d non-invertible $\Z_N$ chiral symmetry generator as an operator in a many body lattice Hilbert space. A crucial ingredient in our construction is the use of infinite dimensional U(1) rotor site Hilbert spaces. Specifically, our Hilbert space is that of a U(1) lattice gauge theory coupled to a charge 1 scalar in the Villain formulation, which allows for direct access to monopoles and for a simple definition of a magnetic $\Z_N$ one-form symmetry Zm(1), at the lattice Hamiltonian level. We construct the generator of the $\Z_N$ chiral symmetry as a locality-preserving unitary operator not in the entire Hilbert space, but only in the subspace of Zm(1)-invariant states. Using a lattice-level duality based on gauging Zm(1), we find a dual description of this subspace, as the subspace of a charge 1N gauge theory invariant under an electric one-form symmetry Ze(1). We show that in this dual formulation, the chiral symmetry generator extends unitarily to the entire Hilbert space, but has a mixed anomaly with the Ze(1) symmetry.

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