We construct the general two-Higgs doublet model effective field theory where the effects of additional new physics are parametrized by operators up to mass dimension-six. We further transform this effective theory to the Higgs basis and provide matching of the Wilson coefficients between the two descriptions. We illustrate the advantages of the Higgs basis which include the separation of operators that modify standard model couplings and masses from operators that contribute to scattering processes only, transparent correlations between scattering processes resulting from the same operator, and derivation of correlations between different operators in specific UV completions. For completeness, we also construct specific versions corresponding to four types of two-Higgs-doublet models: type-I, -II, -X, and -Y, distinguished by $Z_2$ symmetries which restrict the couplings of the Higgs doublets to standard model fermions. Furthermore, we derive general vacuum and stability conditions of the scalar potential in the presence of higher-dimensional terms.

We construct the primitive gate set for the digital quantum simulation of the 108-element $\mathrm{\Sigma }(36\times 3)$ group. This is the first time a non-Abelian crystal-like subgroup of $SU(3)$ has been constructed for quantum simulation. The gauge link registers and necessary primitives—the inversion gate, the group multiplication gate, the trace gate, and the $\mathrm{\Sigma }(36\times 3)$ Fourier transform—are presented for both an eight-qubit encoding and a heterogeneous three-qutrit plus two-qubit register. For the latter, a specialized compiler was developed for decomposing arbitrary unitaries onto this architecture.

We apply the QCD sum rule method to study the light single-gluon hybrid states with various (exotic) quantum numbers. We construct 24 single-gluon hybrid currents and use 18 of them to calculate the masses of 44 single-gluon hybrid states with the quark-gluon contents $\overline{q}qg$ ($q=u/d$) and $\overline{s}sg$. We concentrate on the hybrid states with the exotic quantum number $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$, whose masses and widths are calculated to be $M_{|\overline{q}qg;1^{-}{1}^{-+}⟩}=1.67_{-0.17}^{+0.15}\mathrm{GeV}$, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{|\overline{q}qg;1^{-}{1}^{-+}⟩}=530_{-330}^{+540}\mathrm{MeV}$, $M_{|\overline{q}qg;0^{+}{1}^{-+}⟩}=1.67_{-0.17}^{+0.15}\mathrm{GeV}$, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{|\overline{q}qg;0^{+}{1}^{-+}⟩}=120_{-110}^{+160}\mathrm{MeV}$, $M_{|\overline{s}sg;0^{+}{1}^{-+}⟩}=1.84_{-0.15}^{+0.14}\mathrm{GeV}$, and ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{|\overline{s}sg;0^{+}{1}^{-+}⟩}=100_{-80}^{+110}\mathrm{MeV}$. Our results support the interpretations of the ${\pi }_1(1600)$ and ${\eta }_1(1855)$ as the hybrid states $|\overline{q}qg;1^{-}{1}^{-+}⟩$ and $|\overline{s}sg;0^{+}{1}^{-+}⟩$, respectively. Considering the uncertainties, our results suggest that the ${\pi }_1(1600)$ and ${\eta }_1(1855)$ may also be interpreted as the hybrid states $|\overline{q}qg;1^{-}{1}^{-+}⟩$ and $|\overline{q}qg;0^{+}{1}^{-+}⟩$, respectively. To differentiate these two assignments and to verify whether they are hybrid states or not, we propose to examine the $a_1(1260)\pi$ decay channel in future experiments.

We use the quark potential model to calculate the mass spectrum of the S-wave fully heavy tetraquark systems with different flavors, including the $bc\overline{b}\overline{c},bb\overline{c}\overline{c},cc\overline{c}\overline{b}$, and $bb\overline{b}\overline{c}$ systems. We employ the Gaussian expansion method to solve the four-body Schrödinger equation, and the complex scaling method to identify resonant states. The $bc\overline{b}\overline{c},bb\overline{c}\overline{c},cc\overline{c}\overline{b}$, and $bb\overline{b}\overline{c}$ resonant states are obtained in the mass regions of (13.2, 13.5), (13.3, 13.6), (10.0, 10.3), (16.5, 16.7) GeV, respectively. Among these states, the $bc\overline{b}\overline{c}$ tetraquark states are the most promising ones to be discovered in the near future. We recommend the experimental exploration of the $1^{++}$ and $2^{++}bc\overline{b}\overline{c}$ states with masses near 13.3 GeV in the $J/\psi \mathrm{\Upsilon }$ channel. From the root-mean-square radii, we find that all the resonant states we have identified are compact tetraquark states.

The production of prompt $D_s^{+}$ and $D^{+}$ mesons is measured by the LHCb experiment in proton-lead ($p\mathrm{Pb}$) collisions in both the forward ($1.5<y^{*}<4.0$) and backward ($-5.0<y^{*}<-2.5$) rapidity regions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16\mathrm{TeV}$. The nuclear modification factors of both $D_s^{+}$ and $D^{+}$ mesons are determined as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, and rapidity. In addition, the $D_s^{+}$ to $D^{+}$ cross section ratio is measured as a function of the primary charged particle multiplicity in the event. An enhanced $D_s^{+}$ to $D^{+}$ production in high-multiplicity events is observed for the whole measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range, in particular at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and backward rapidity, where the significance exceeds six standard deviations. This constitutes the first observation of strangeness enhancement in charm quark hadronization in high-multiplicity $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions. The results are also qualitatively consistent with the presence of quark coalescence as an additional charm quark hadronization mechanism in high-multiplicity proton-lead collisions.

The four decays, ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{(*)++}{D}^{(*)-}{K}^{-}$, are observed for the first time using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. By considering the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\overline{D}}^0{K}^{-}$ decay as reference channel, the following branching fraction ratios are measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{++}{D}^{-}{K}^{-})}{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\overline{D}}^0{K}^{-})}=0.282\pm 0.016\pm 0.016\pm 0.005$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{*++}{D}^{-}{K}^{-})}{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{++}{D}^{-}{K}^{-})}=0.460\pm 0.052\pm 0.028$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{++}{D}^{*-}{K}^{-})}{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{++}{D}^{-}{K}^{-})}=2.261\pm 0.202\pm 0.129\pm 0.046$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{*++}{D}^{*-}{K}^{-})}{\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b^0\to {\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{++}{D}^{-}{K}^{-})}=0.896\pm 0.137\pm 0.066\pm 0.018$, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, and the third are due to uncertainties in the branching fractions of intermediate particle decays. These initial observations mark the beginning of pentaquark searches in these modes, with more datasets to become available following the LHCb upgrade.

Black holes modeled by the Kerr metric are not semiclassically self-consistent at or below the inner horizon. The renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) of a scalar quantum field in the Unruh state has been found to diverge at the Kerr inner horizon, causing the geometry to backreact in a nontrivial way. In an effort to understand this backreaction, here the inner-horizon RSET is computed for the full physically relevant parameter space of black hole spins $a$ and polar angles $\theta$. Then, the backreaction is analyzed using a framework for the dynamical behavior of mass inflation from continued accretion. It is shown that the initial backreaction from the RSET does not evolve the spacetime toward any known regular or extremal configuration, but instead it brings the local interior geometry toward a chaotic, spacelike singularity, classically stable over astrophysical timescales.

Nonperturbative contributions of the Euclidean path integral are important to understand the information loss paradox. In this paper, we revisit the Yang-Mills instantons in the Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. There exists a globally regular solution that is known as the Bartnik-McKinnon solution and a black hole solution. The regular and the black hole solutions are smoothly connected in the small horizon limit. Their Euclidean action is solely characterized by the ADM mass, and the transition probability follows the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula. Therefore, the Yang-Mills instantons provide a nonperturbative channel to the black hole evaporation, which competes effectively with perturbative processes, and becomes dominant toward the end of evaporation. We show that these instantons provide a smooth transition mechanism from a black hole to regular spacetime.

In this paper, we consider a well-established magnetic Penrose process (MPP) and bring out its impact on the efficiency of energy extraction from higher dimensional (i.e., $D>4$) black holes. We derive the field equations of motion and determine the expressions for the energy efficiency of energy extraction for the case of higher dimensional black holes. We also examine the efficiency of energy extraction from black holes with ($n-1$) and $n$ rotations. We demonstrate that black holes with ($n-1$) rotations has only one horizon, resulting in infinitely large energy efficiency even without MPP. On the other hand, for black holes with $n$ rotations in $D>4$, the energy efficiency is not infinitely large, but the efficiency can be significantly enhanced by MPP. This enhancement allows for arbitrarily large energy efficiency. We find that the efficiency of energy extraction can exceed 100% for $D=5$, 6 and $D=7$, 8 dimensions. Interestingly, for rotation parameters near the extremal value, the energy efficiency remains above 100% in $D=7$, 8 compared to $D=5$, 6. MPP can eventually make higher dimensional black holes more efficient even with $n$ rotations.

Tidal disruption events (TDEs), characterized by their luminous transients and high-velocity outflows, have emerged as plausible sources of high-energy neutrinos contributing to the diffuse neutrino. In this study, we calculate the contribution of TDEs to the diffuse neutrino by employing the outflow-cloud model within the TDE framework. Our analysis indicates that the contribution of TDEs becomes negligible when the redshift $Z$ exceeds 2. Employing a set of fiducial values, which includes outflow energy $E_{\mathrm{kin}}={10}^{51}\mathrm{erg}$, a proton spectrum cutoff energy $E_{\mathrm{p},\max }=100\mathrm{PeV}$, a volume TDE rate $\dot{N}=8\times {10}^{-7}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-3}{\mathrm{year}}^{-1}$, covering fraction of clouds $C_V=0.1$, energy conversion efficiency in the shock $\eta =0.1$, and a proton spectrum index $\mathrm{\Gamma }=-1.7$, we find that TDEs can account for approximately 80% of the contribution at energies around 0.3 PeV. Additionally, TDEs still contribute around 18% to the IceCube data below 0.1 PeV and the total contribution is $\sim 24_{-15}^{+2}\%$. In addition, we also discuss the potential influence of various parameter values on the results in detail. With the IceCube data, we impose constraints on the combination of the physical parameters, i.e., $C_f=\dot{N}{E}_{\mathrm{kin}}{C}_{\mathrm{v}}\eta$. Future observations or theoretical considerations would fix some physical parameters, which will help to constrain some individual parameters of TDEs.

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation timescale of DM.

The electron-positron pair production has been investigated in two overlapped potential wells with varied widths and frequencies. Notably, specific multiphoton absorption processes exhibit distinct changes, the total number of created pairs increases linearly, and appears in periodic oscillation with the spatial extends of the potential wells. Furthermore, the investigation revealed the crucial impact of the smaller frequency on the pair production yield. The optimal combination of frequencies was determined to enhance the creation of pairs in overlapped fields. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of multiphoton absorption processes and offer a pathway toward maximizing pair creation in complex potential landscapes.

With the measurements of the decay $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ by the BESIII collaboration, we investigate this three-body weak decay via the chiral unitary approach for the final state interaction, where the resonances $S(980)$ and $S(1710)$ are dynamically reproduced with the interaction of eleven coupled channels, and the $W$-external and $W$-internal emission mechanisms are considered at the quark level. Besides, we also take into account the contribution from the $P$-wave resonance $K^{*}(892{)}^{+}$ and make a combined fit of the $K_S^0{K}_S^0$ and $K_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ invariant mass spectra measured by the BESIII collaboration. The fitted results show that the enhancement around 1.7 GeV in $K_S^0{K}_S^0$ mass spectrum is overlapped with two visible peaks, indicating the mixing signal originated from the resonances $a_0(1710)$ and $f_0(1710)$ due to their different poles (masses). Thus, the decay $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ is helpful to reveal their molecular nature with the mixing signal, which can be more precisely measured in the future.

We present a spectroscopy scheme for the lattice field theory by using the tensor renormalization group method combining with the transfer matrix formalism. By using the scheme, we cannot only compute the energy spectrum for the lattice theory but also determine quantum numbers of the energy eigenstates. Furthermore, the wave function of the corresponding eigenstate can also be computed. The first step of the scheme is to coarse grain the tensor network of a given lattice model by using the higher order tensor renormalization group, and then after making a matrix corresponding to a transfer matrix from the coarse-grained tensors, its eigenvalues are evaluated to extract the energy spectrum. Second, the quantum number of the eigenstates can be identified by a selection rule that requires to compute matrix elements of an associated insertion operator. The matrix elements can be represented by an impurity tensor network and computed by the coarse-graining scheme. Moreover, we can compute the wave function of the energy eigenstate by putting the impurity tensor at each point in space direction of the network. Additionally, the momentum of the eigenstate can also be identified by computing appropriate matrix elements represented by the tensor network. As a demonstration of the new scheme, we show the spectroscopy of the $(1+1)\mathrm{d}$ Ising model and compare it with exact results. We also present a scattering phase shift obtained from two-particle state energy using Lüscher’s formula.

Using a sample of about 10 billion $J/\psi$ events with the BESIII detector, we search for the weak decays of $J/\psi \to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$, $J/\psi \to {\overline{D}}^0\eta +\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$, $J/\psi \to {\overline{D}}^0{\rho }^0+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$, $J/\psi \to D^{-}{\pi }^{+}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$, and $J/\psi \to D^{-}{\rho }^{+}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.$. Since no significant signal is observed, we set the upper limits of the branching fractions of these decays to be $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to {\overline{D}}^0{\pi }^0+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.)<4.7\times {10}^{-7}$, $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to {\overline{D}}^0\eta +\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.)<6.8\times {10}^{-7}$, $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to {\overline{D}}^0{\rho }^0+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.)<5.2\times {10}^{-7}$, $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to D^{-}{\pi }^{+}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.)<7.0\times {10}^{-8}$, and $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to D^{-}{\rho }^{+}+\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{c}.)<6.0\times {10}^{-7}$ at the 90% confidence level.

Scar states are special finite-energy density, but nonthermal states of chaotic Hamiltonians. We argue that all holographic quantum field theories, including $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills, have scar states. Their presence is tied to the existence of nontopological, horizonless soliton solutions in gravity; oscillons and a novel family of excited boson stars. We demonstrate that these solutions have periodic oscillations in the correlation functions and posses low-entanglement entropy as expected for scar states. Also we find that they can be very easily prepared with Euclidean path integral.

This study explores the intricate real-time dynamics of a non-Hermitian system composed of two interconnected Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models. A central finding reveals that an excitation initially localized in the right SYK subsystem can be efficiently transmitted to the left subsystem subsequent to the characteristic scrambling time, a phenomenon facilitated by the intrinsic non-Hermitian nature of the system. The defining hallmark of non-Hermiticity is manifest in the asymmetric conveyance of quantum states, with the non-Hermitian parameter functioning as a tunable knob that selectively amplifies or dampens propagation modes on either side. Despite this inherent directional bias in state transfer, the system sustains two distinct phases, analogously likened to black holes and wormholes.

Motivated by conjectures about near-horizon dynamics in quantum gravity, we search for lines of perturbatively accessible fixed points emanating from models of $N$ free fermions. Through two loops we find a new class of models, apart from the well-known Abelian Thirring models. Further study is needed to see whether these can lead to true conformal manifolds, or perhaps a new class of large-$N$ fixed points.

Dissipative tidal interactions can be used to probe the out-of-equilibrium physics of neutron stars using gravitational wave observations. In this paper, we present the first post-Newtonian (PN) corrections to the orbital dynamics of a binary system containing objects whose tidal interactions have a dissipative contribution. We derive the 1 PN-accurate equations of motion in the center-of-mass frame and a generalized energy-balance law that is valid for dissipative tidal interactions. We show how mass and energy loss due to the absorption of orbital energy change the orbital dynamics and derive the next-to-leading order correction to the gravitational wave phase of a binary system in a quasicircular orbit containing initially nonspinning components. We then use this waveform model to constrain, for the first time, the individual dissipative tidal deformabilities of each of the binary components that generated the GW170817 event using real data. We find that the GW170817 data require ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_1\lesssim 1121$ and ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_2\lesssim 1692$ at 90% confidence, where ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{1,2}$ are the individual tidal deformabilities of the primary and secondary binary components that produced the GW170817 event.