The status of the chiral magnetic effect (CME) response in full quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has been controversial so far, with previous lattice QCD studies indicating either its strong suppression or vanishing in thermal equilibrium state. We introduce the Euclidean-time correlator of axial charge and electric current as an observable that can be used to study the finite out-of-equilibrium CME response in first-principle lattice QCD simulations with background magnetic field. This observable directly reflects the fact that in the background magnetic field, a state with nonzero axial charge features nonzero electric current. For free fermions, the axial-vector correlator only receives contributions from the lowest Landau level, and exhibits a linear dependence on both magnetic field and temperature with a universal coefficient. With an appropriate regularization, nonvanishing axial-vector correlator is compatible with the vanishing of the CME current in thermal equilibrium state with nonzero chiral chemical potential ${\mu }_5$. We demonstrate that the real-time counterpart of the Euclidean-time axial-vector correlator is intimately related to the real-time form of the axial anomaly equation, which strongly limits possible corrections in full QCD. We present numerical results for the Euclidean-time axial-vector correlator in $SU(2)$ lattice gauge theory with $N_f=2$ light quark flavors, demonstrating reasonable agreement with free fermion result on both sides of the chiral crossover. The proposed methodology should help to answer the question whether the QCD corrections might be responsible for nonobservation of CME in heavy-ion collision experiments such as the RHIC isobar run.

We investigate full quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with ($2+1$)-flavor of highly improved staggered quarks fermions at the physical point in the presence of uniform Abelian chromomagnetic background fields. Our focus is to conduct an exploratory study on the renormalized light and strange chiral condensates around the pseudocritical temperature. We find that in the confined region the gauge system is subjected to the chromomagnetic catalysis that turns into the inverse catalysis in the high-temperature regime. We further observe that the chiral condensates are subjected to the so-called thermal hysteresis. Our estimate of the deconfinement temperature indicates that the critical temperature begins to decrease in the small field region, soon after it seems to saturate and finally increase with the strength of the chromomagnetic field.

The existence of quantum many-body scars, which prevents thermalization from certain initial states after a long time, has been established across different quantum many-body systems. These include gauge theories corresponding to spin-$1/2$ quantum link models. Establishing quantum scars in gauge theories with high spin is not accessible with existing numerical methods, which rely on exact diagonalization. We systematically identify scars for pure gauge theories with arbitrarily large integer spin $S$ in $2+1\mathrm{D}$, where the electric field is restricted to $2S+1$ states per link. Through an explicit analytic construction, we show that the presence of scars is widespread in $2+1\mathrm{D}$ gauge theories for arbitrary integer spin. We confirm these findings numerically for small truncated spin and $S=1$ quantum link models. Our analytic construction establishes the presence of scars far beyond volumes and spins that can be probed with existing numerical methods and can guide quantum simulation experiments toward interesting nonequilibrium phenomena, inaccessible otherwise.

The recent collider detector at fermilab (CDF) $W$ mass measurement of $80,433\pm 9\mathrm{MeV}$ is the most precise direct measurement. However, this result deviates from the Standard Model predicted mass of $80,359.1\pm 5.2\mathrm{MeV}$ by $7\sigma$. The CDF experiment used an older version of the resbos code that was only accurate at $\mathrm{NNLL}+\mathrm{NLO}$, while the resbos2 code is able to make predictions at ${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LL}+\mathrm{NNLO}$ accuracy. We determine that the data-driven techniques used by CDF capture most of the higher order corrections, and using higher order corrections would have an impact on the CDF result in total at the 10 MeV level. Additionally, we investigate the effects from handling the width of the $W$ boson on the mass, PDF correlations, and scale uncertainties. We find that these contributions are consistent with those obtained by CDF.

Construction of the wave functions of multiquark hadrons by a traditional method based on the tensor products of colors, flavors, spins (and orbital) parts becomes quite complex when quark numbers grow $n=5,6\dots 12$, as it gets difficult to satisfy the requirements of Fermi statistics. Our novel approach is focused directly on representations of the permutation symmetry generators. After showing how $C_3$ is manifested in the wave functions of (excited) baryons, we use it to construct the wave functions for a set of pentaquarks and hexaquarks ($\mathrm{n}=5,6$). We also have some partial results for larger systems, with $n=9$ and 12, and even beyond that as far as $n=24$.

Using the variational principle, we systematically investigate the mass spectra and wave functions of both $1S$ and $2S$ state heavy pseudoscalar ($P$) and vector ($V$) mesons within the light-front quark model. This approach incorporates a Coulomb plus logarithmic confinement potential to accurately describe the constituent quark and antiquark dynamics. Additionally, spin hyperfine interactions are introduced perturbatively to compute the masses of pseudoscalar and vector mesons. The present analyses of the $1S$ and $2S$ states require the consideration of mixing between them to account for empirical constraints. These constraints include the mass gap $\mathrm{\Delta }{M}_P>\mathrm{\Delta }{M}_V$, where $\mathrm{\Delta }{M}_{P(V)}=M_{P(V)}^{2S}-M_{P(V)}^{1S}$ and the hierarchy of the decay constants $f_{1S}>f_{2S}$. We find the optimal value of the mixing angle to be $\theta =18°$, significantly enhancing the consistency between our spectroscopic predictions and the experimental data compiled by the Particle Data Group. Furthermore, based on the predicted mass, the newly observed resonance $B_J(5840)$ could be assigned as a $2^1{S}_0$ state in the $B$ meson family. The study also reports various pertinent observables, including twist-two distribution amplitudes, electromagnetic form factors, charge radii, $\xi$ moments, and transition form factors that are found to be consistent with both available lattice simulations and experimental data. In addition, our predicted branching ratios for the channels of $B^{+}\to {\tau }^{+}{\nu }_{\tau }$ as well as rare decays of $B^0$ and $B_s^0$ appear in accordance with experimental data.

Whether the $N\overline{N}$ interaction could form a state or not is a long standing question, even before the observation of the $p\overline{p}$ threshold enhancement in 2003. The recent high statistic measurement in the $J/\psi \to \gamma 3({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ channel would provide a good opportunity to probe the nature of the peak structures around the $p\overline{p}$ threshold in various processes. By constructing the $N\overline{N}$ interaction respecting chiral symmetry, we extract the pole positions by fitting the $p\overline{p}$ and $3({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ invariant mass distributions of the $J/\psi \to \gamma p\overline{p}$ and $J/\psi \to \gamma 3({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ processes. The threshold enhancement in the $p\overline{p}$ invariant mass distribution is from the pole on the third Riemann sheet, which more couples to the isospin triplet channel. The broader structure in the $3({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ invariant mass comes from the pole on the physical Riemann sheet, which more couples to the isospin singlet channel. Furthermore, the large compositeness indicates that there should exist $p\overline{p}$ resonance based on the current experimental data. In addition, we also see a clear threshold enhancement in the $n\overline{n}$ channel, but not as significant as that in $p\overline{p}$ channel, which is useful and compared with further experimental measurement.

In this work we analyze the $\overline{K}N$ interaction in the framework of a constituent quark model. The near-threshold elastic and charge-exchange cross sections are evaluated, finding a good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the possible existence of $\overline{K}N$ bound states are explored, finding two poles in the isoscalar $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ sector that can be interpreted as the experimental $\mathrm{\Lambda }(1405)$ state.

This study investigates the evolution and dissociation dynamics of $c\overline{c}$ and $b\overline{b}$ pairs within the preequilibrium, gluon-dominated stage of high energy nuclear collisions. An attractive potential made of a perturbative Coulomb-like term and of a confining term is used to simulate the attractive strong force in the pairs. Besides, we implement the interaction of the pairs with the evolving glasma fields by virtue of the Wong equations. The interaction with the classical color fields dominates the dynamics, causing an increase in pair separation and subsequent dissociation. The observed finite probability of dissociation for these states reveals the intricate interplay between quantum chromodynamics (QCD) dynamics and the suppression of $c\overline{c}$ and $b\overline{b}$ states during the preequilibrium stage. The research highlights differences between $c\overline{c}$ and $b\overline{b}$ pairs, revealing the role of quark flavor in the dissociation process. Dissociation spectra analysis indicates a peak shift toward higher momentum, reflecting a slight energy gain by the pairs. This investigation provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of $c\overline{c}$ and $b\overline{b}$ pairs in the glasma, which may help in better interpretation of experimental results on further integration with subsequent phases of the created matter.

The longitudinal polarization fraction of the $D^{*}$ meson is measured in $B^0\to D^{*-}{\tau }^{+}{\nu }_{\tau }$ decays, where the $\tau$ lepton decays to three charged pions and a neutrino, using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The $D^{*}$ polarization fraction $F_L^{D^{*}}$ is measured in two $q^2$ regions, below and above $7{\mathrm{GeV}}^2/c^4$, where $q^2$ is defined as the squared invariant mass of the $\tau {\nu }_{\tau }$ system. The $F_L^{D^{*}}$ values are measured to be $0.52\pm 0.07\pm 0.04$ and $0.34\pm 0.08\pm 0.02$ for the lower and higher $q^2$ regions, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The average value over the whole $q^2$ range is $F_L^{D^{*}}=0.41\pm 0.06\pm 0.03$. These results are compatible with the Standard Model predictions.

A search is presented for direct pair production of the stop, the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, in a decay through an $R$-parity violating coupling to a charged lepton and a $b$-quark. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $140{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The final state has two charged leptons (electrons or muons) and two $b$-jets. The results of the search are interpreted in the context of a Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with an additional $B-L$ gauge symmetry that is spontaneously broken. No significant excess is observed over the Standard Model background, and exclusion limits on stop pair production are set at 95% confidence level. The corresponding lower limits on the stop mass for 100% branching ratios to a $b$-quark and an electron, muon, or tau-lepton are 1.9 TeV, 1.8 TeV and 800 GeV, respectively, extending the reach of previous LHC searches.

By analyzing $(27.12\pm 0.14)\times {10}^8\psi (3686)$ events accumulated with the BESIII detector, the decay ${\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\eta$ is observed for the first time with a significance of $6.2\sigma$ after considering systematic uncertainties. The product of the branching fractions of $\psi (3686)\to \gamma {\eta }_c(2S)$ and ${\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\eta$ is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(\psi (3686)\to \gamma {\eta }_c(2S))\times \mathcal{B}({\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\eta )=(2.39\pm 0.32\pm 0.34)\times {10}^{-6}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second one is systematic. The branching fraction of ${\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\eta$ is determined to be $\mathcal{B}({\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\eta )=(3.42\pm 0.46\pm 0.48\pm 2.44)\times {10}^{-3}$, where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of $\psi (3686)\to \gamma {\eta }_c(2S)$. Using a recent BESIII measurement of $\mathcal{B}({\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}{\pi }^0)$, we also determine the ratio between the branching fractions of ${\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\eta$ and ${\eta }_c(2S)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}{\pi }^0$ to be $1.49\pm 0.22\pm 0.25$, which is consistent with the previous result of BABAR at a comparable precision level.

We propose an extension of the color-kinematics duality for nonlinear sigma models with nonymmetric cosets. The role of color is replaced with curvatures in field space. The duality between curvature and kinematics allows for a new double copy: the double copy of the nonlinear sigma model for nonsymmetric cosets is the general Galileon theory. We provide evidence for this new double copy of geometry.

The gravitational form factors (GFFs) of pions are calculated from a top-down holographic quantum chromodynamics (QCD) approach with momentum transfer dependence for the first time. It is important because the GFFs of hadrons have information on the internal stress distribution that may provide insight into the mechanism of how QCD forms hadrons. The forward limit value of this GFFs, i.e., the D-term, was also obtained. Furthermore, in this approach, we observe the so-called glueball dominance, in which pions have gravitational interactions via infinite glueball spectra.

Using the nonrelativistic approximation in the curved-space Dirac equation, the analog of the Pauli equation is derived for a weak gravitational field with a gauge fixing condition related to the synchronous gauge, in the presence of an electromagnetic field. Different from the previous works, which were employing either the exact or conventional Foldy-Wouthuysen transformations, here we perform calculations by directly performing a nonrelativistic approximation, which reduced in the power series expansion in the inverse mass of the spinning particle. On top of that, the equations of motion for the massive spin-$1/2$ charged particle are obtained. The two particular cases of the previously explored backgrounds, namely (a) plane gravitational wave and (b) homogeneous static gravitational field are considered for control. In the case (a), we meet correspondence with the previous results. On the other hand, in case (b), there is no correspondence with neither perturbative nor with exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformations, which we also recalculate and agree with the previous works. The disagreement is a kind of a theoretical challenge and most likely occurs because the potential energy, in the particular case of Newtonian approximation, is proportional to the mass of the particle.

The second-order coherence of light is a widely recognized physical quantity used to assess the quantum characteristics of light, and its properties have been extensively investigated in the field of quantum optics. Recently, it has been proposed that second-order coherence can be utilized as an indicator of quantum entanglement. In this study, we evaluated the second-order coherence in the context of the moving-mirror model, which serves as an analog model for Hawking radiation from a black hole. We discuss the relation between entanglement and the second-order coherence of Hawking radiation paying attention to the “noise” effect due to the thermality of Hawking radiation, which reduces the quantum correlation in the entanglement-harvesting protocol with two-qubit detectors.

We investigate the properties of postmerger remnants of binary neutron star mergers in the framework of Damour–Esposito-Farese-type scalar-tensor theory of gravity with a massive scalar field by numerical relativity simulation. It is found that the threshold mass for prompt collapse is raised in the presence of the excited scalar field. Our simulation results also suggest the existence of a long-lived $\varphi$ mode in hypermassive neutron stars due to the presence of the massive scalar field that enhances the quasiradial oscillation in the remnant. We investigate the descalarization condition in hypermassive neutron stars and discover a distinctive signature in postmerger gravitational waves.

We generalize the existing works on the way (generalized) Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) models can be embedded into polymerized spherically symmetric models in several aspects. We reexamine such an embedding at the classical level and show that a suitable LTB condition can only be treated as a gauge fixing in the nonmarginally bound case, while in the marginally bound case, it must be considered as an additional first class constraint. A novel aspect of our formalism, based on the effective equations of motion, is to derive compatible dynamics LTB conditions for polymerized models by using holonomy and inverse triad corrections simultaneously, whereas in earlier work, these were only considered separately. Further, our formalism allows one to derive compatible LTB conditions for a vast of class of polymerized models available in the current literature. Within this broader class of polymerizations, there are effective models contained for which the classical LTB condition is a compatible one. Our results show that there exist a class of effective models for which the dynamics decouples completely along the radial direction. It turns out that this subsector is strongly linked to the property that in the temporally gauge fixed model, the algebra of the geometric contribution to the Hamiltonian constraint and the spatial diffeomorphism constraint is closed. We finally apply the formalism to existing models from the literature and compare our results to the existing ones.

Based on modifications inspired from loop quantum gravity (LQG), spherically symmetric models have recently been explored to understand the resolution of classical singularities and the fate of the spacetime beyond. While such phenomenological studies have provided useful insights, questions remain on whether such models exhibit some of the desired properties such as consistent LTB conditions, covariance, and compatibility with the improved dynamics of loop quantum cosmology in the cosmological and LTB sector. We provide a systematic procedure to construct effective spherically symmetric models encoding LQG modifications as a $1+1$ field theory models encoding these properties following the analysis in our companion paper [K. Giesel et al., Embedding generalized LTB models in polymerized spherically symmetric spacetimes, Phys. Rev. D 110, 104017 (2024)]. As concrete examples of our generalized strategy, we obtain and compare with different phenomenological models, which have been investigated recently and demonstrate resolution of singularity by quantum geometry effects via a bounce. These include models with areal gauge fixing, a polymerized vacuum solution, polymerized junction conditions, and an Oppenheimer-Snyder dust collapse model. An important insight from our approach is that the dynamical equations care about the $\det (e)$ part rather than the square root of the determinant of the spatial metric. As a result, shock solutions that have been argued to exist in some models are found to be absent even if one considers coordinate transformations.

We discuss the coupling of photon spin with rotation in connection with a recent proposal of Fedderke et al. [M. A. Fedderke, R. Harnik, D. E. Kaplan, S. Posen, S. Rajendran, F. Serra, and V. P. Yakovlev, A precision gyroscope from the spin of light, arXiv:2406.16178.] regarding a precision gyroscope based on the intrinsic spin of light. To this end, we analyze the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a physical system that uniformly rotates about the direction of wave propagation in the presence of an ambient medium. Finally, we consider the possibility of using this type of spin-of-light gyroscope to measure gravitomagnetic fields.