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Algebraic structure underlying pole-skipping points

Zhenkang Lu1,*, Cheng Ran1,†, and Shao-Feng Wu1,2,‡

  • *Contact author: zhenkanglu9@gmail.com
  • Contact author: r_cheng@shu.edu.cn
  • Contact author: sfwu@shu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 113, 046008 – Published 11 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lgkz-gyl1

Abstract

The holographic Green’s function becomes ambiguous, taking the indeterminate form “0/0,” at an infinite set of special frequencies and momenta known as “pole-skipping points.” In this work, we propose that these pole-skipping points can be used to reconstruct both the interior and exterior geometry of a static, planar-symmetric black hole in the bulk. The entire reconstruction procedure is fully analytical and only involves solving a system of linear equations. We demonstrate its effectiveness across various backgrounds, including the Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole, its TT¯-deformed counterparts, as well as geometries with Lifshitz scaling and hyperscaling-violation. Within this framework, other geometric quantities, such as the vacuum Einstein equations, can also be reinterpreted directly in terms of pole-skipping data. Moreover, our approach reveals a hidden algebraic structure governing the pole-skipping points of Klein-Gordon equations of the form (2+V(r))ϕ(r)=0: only a subset of these points is independent, while the remainder is constrained by an equal number of homogeneous polynomial identities in the pole-skipping momenta. These identities are universal, as confirmed by their validity across a broad class of bulk geometries with varying dimensionality, boundary asymptotics, and perturbation modes.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Bulk Spacetime Encoding via Boundary Ambiguities

Zhenkang Lu, Cheng Ran, and Shao-Feng Wu
Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 061603 (2026)

Article Text

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