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  • Open Access

Bulk Spacetime Encoding via Boundary Ambiguities

Zhenkang Lu1,*, Cheng Ran1,†, and Shao-Feng Wu1,2,‡

  • *Contact author: zhenkanglu9@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: r_cheng@shu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: sfwu@shu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 061603 – Published 11 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gmd3-zt39

Abstract

We propose a method to reconstruct the metric and its arbitrary-order derivatives at the horizon for any static, planar-symmetric black hole, using an infinite set of discrete pole-skipping points in momentum space where the boundary Green’s function becomes ambiguous. This method is fully analytical and involves solving only linear equations. The near-horizon reconstruction can extend either inside or outside the horizon until reaching the nearest singularity in the complex radial plane. It further enables a reinterpretation of any pure gravitational field equation in pole-skipping data. Moreover, our method reveals that the pole-skipping points are redundant: only a subset is independent, while the rest are fixed by an equal number of homogeneous polynomial constraints. These identities are universal, independent of the details of the bulk geometry, including its dimensionality, asymptotic behavior, or the existence of a holographic duality.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Algebraic structure underlying pole-skipping points

Zhenkang Lu, Cheng Ran, and Shao-Feng Wu
Phys. Rev. D 113, 046008 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 061603– Published 11 February, 2026
  • Received 19 August 2025
  • Revised 8 November 2025
  • Accepted 9 January 2026
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