We introduce and compare three differential correlation functions for the study of transverse-momentum correlations in $p+p$ and $A+A$ collisions. These consist of inclusive and eventwise and a differential version of the correlation measure $\tilde{C}$ introduced by Gavin [1] for experimental study of the viscosity per unit entropy of the matter produced in $A+A$ collisions. We study the quantitative difference between the three observables on the basis of PYTHIA simulations of $p+p$ collisions and $A+A$ collisions consisting of an arbitrary superposition of $p+p$ collision events at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. We observe that inclusive and eventwise correlation functions are remarkably similar to each other whereas the observable $\tilde{C}$ differs quantitatively from the two. We study the robustness and efficiency dependencies of these observables based on truncated Taylor expansions in efficiency in $p+p$ collisions and on the basis of Monte Carlo simulation using an ad hoc detector efficiency parametrization. We find that all the three observables are essentially independent of detector efficiency. We additionally study the scaling of the correlation measures and find all the observables exhibit an approximate $1/N$ dependence of the number of participants $(N)$ in $A+A$ collisions. Finally, we study the impact of flowlike anisotropy on the inclusive correlation function and find flow imparts azimuthal modulations similar to those observed with two-particle densities.

The problem of how to compute accurately and efficiently the sign of the overlap between two general Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) wave functions is addressed. The results obtained can easily be extrapolated to the evaluation of the sign of the trace of a density operator exponential of one body operators.

We develop a new formulation of the continuum quasiparticle random-phase approximation in which the velocity-dependent terms of the Skyrme effective interaction are explicitly treated except the spin-dependent and the Coulomb terms. Numerical analysis using the ${\mathrm{SkM}}^{*}$ parameter set is performed for the isovector dipole and the isovector/isoscalar quadrupole responses in ${}^{20}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{54}\mathrm{Ca}$. It is shown that the energy-weighted sum rule, including the enhancement factors for the isovector responses, is satisfied with good accuracy. We investigate also how the velocity-dependent terms influence the strength distribution and the transition densities of the low-lying surface modes and the giant resonances.

The isovector transitions from the ground state (g.s.) of ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ to the negative parity states in ${}^{16}\mathrm{F}$, i.e., the $J^{\pi }=0^{-}$ g.s., the 0.193 MeV, $1^{-}$ state, the 0.424 MeV, $2^{-}$ state, the 0.721 MeV, $3^{-}$ state, and the $4^{-}$ “stretched” state at 6.372 MeV, were studied by using a high resolution ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}({}^3\mathrm{He},t){}^{16}\mathrm{F}$ reaction at 140 MeV/nucleon. With the help of high energy resolution, these states were, for the first time, clearly resolved in a charge exchange reaction at an intermediate energy, which favorably excites spin-flip states. Angular distributions of the reaction cross sections were measured in the laboratory frame from $0^{°}$ to ${14}^{°}$. Parameters of phenomenological effective interactions were derived so as to reproduce these angular distributions in distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations. The angular distribution of the $0^{-}$ state could be reproduced well at ${\theta }_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}<{10}^{°}$. The empirical values, however, are larger by a factor of 2–2.5 in the larger angle region, where the contribution of the so-called “condensed pion field” is expected. The high resolution also enabled the decay widths of these states to be measured.

We investigate the structure of the neutron-rich $\Lambda$-hypernucleus ${}_{\Lambda }^{10}\mathrm{Li}$ by using microscopic shell-model calculations considering a $\Lambda$-$\Sigma$ coupling effect. The calculated $\Sigma$-mixing probability in the ${}_{\Lambda }^{10}\mathrm{Li}$ ground state is found to be about 0.34% that is coherently enhanced by the $\Lambda$-$\Sigma$ coupling configurations, leading to the energy shift 0.28 MeVthat is about 3 times larger than that in ${}_{\Lambda }^7\mathrm{Li}$. The importance of the $\Sigma$ configuration obtained by the $\Sigma N$ interaction and the potentiality of the neutron-rich environment are discussed.

We study the effects of strong magnetic fields on the properties of hyperonic matter. We employ the relativistic mean field theory, which is known to provide excellent descriptions of nuclear matter and finite nuclei. The two additional hidden-strangeness mesons, ${\sigma }^{*}$ and ϕ, are taken into account, and some reasonable hyperon potentials are used to constrain the meson-hyperon couplings, which reflect the recent developments in hypernuclear physics. It is found that the effects of strong magnetic fields become significant only for magnetic field strength $B>5\times {10}^{18}$ G. The threshold densities of hyperons can be significantly altered by strong magnetic fields. The presence of hyperons makes the equation of state (EOS) softer than that in the case without hyperons, and the softening of the EOS becomes less pronounced with increasing magnetic field strength.

In very low energy $(d,p)$ reactions, resonance effects are explicitly taken into account for zero-range distorted-wave Born approximation calculations by restricting the reaction amplitudes to those specified by the spin-parity of the resonance. The application of formulas of tensor analyzing powers to ${}^6\mathrm{Li}(\overrightarrow{d},p){}^7\mathrm{Li}$(g.s.) reactions in resonance regions provides us a clear understanding of the characteristics of the measured analyzing powers and aides in the determination of the spin-parity of the resonance states concerned at $E_d=90$, $600$, and $960$ keV.

A three-cluster model is proposed to explain the particle-accompanied binary fission of radioactive nuclei. The model is developed as an extension of the preformed cluster model of Gupta and collaborators. The advantage of this model is that, for a fixed third fragment, we can calculate the fragmentation potential minimized in charge coordinate. For our study we chose the various neutron-deficient to neutron-rich californium nuclei, whose analysis reveals that the closed-shell effect of any one of the fragments in ternary fragmentation presents itself as the most favorable configuration to be observed. As one goes from a neutron-deficient to a neutron-rich californium isotope, the role of the neutron closed shell associated with any one of the preferred fragments changes to that of the proton closed shell, and for very neutron rich isotopes of californium the presence of a double closed shell nucleus enhances the decay probability. The quadrupole deformation of the light fragment $(A_2)$ associated with the preferred configuration in the symmetric mass region also has a transition from positive to negative deformation as one goes from neutron-deficient to neutron-rich californium isotopes. The calculated relative yields of different fragmentation channels are compared with the available experimental yields for ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$.

To fulfill the recent thrust of astatine radionuclides in the field of nuclear medicine, various production routes have been explored in the present work. The possible production routes of ${}^{209-211}\mathrm{At}$ comprise both light- and heavy-ion-induced reactions at the bombarding energy range starting from threshold to a maximum of 100 MeV. Excitation functions of those radionuclides, produced through various production routes, have been calculated by using nuclear reaction model codes TALYS, ALICE91, and PACE-II and are compared with the available measured data. Contributions of various reaction mechanisms, such as direct, pre-equilibrium, and equilibrium reactions, to the total reaction cross section have been studied using the codes. Results show that the equilibrium reaction dominates in all cases over other reaction mechanisms.

Recently, a sound description of some of the basic nuclear ingredients required in the calculation of fission cross sections has been obtained. These concern in particular fission barriers within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method and nuclear level densities at the fission saddle points within the combinatorial model. Both ingredients are determined coherently, the nuclear level densities being estimated on the basis of the single-particle scheme and pairing strength of the same mean field model that was used to determine the fission saddle points. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the quality of such inputs in the calculation of fission cross sections. Although the barrier height can still not be predicted with an accuracy better than about 700 keV, the use of the full HFB fission path and the corresponding WKB calculation of the probability to penetrate the fission barrier clearly provides a better way to estimate fission cross section in comparison with highly parametrized phenomenological models, when no experimental data is available. It is shown that a satisfactory estimate of the fission cross section for nonenergy applications can be achieved with a global renormalization of the barrier height and the microscopic nuclear level densities at the fission saddle points. Good agreement with experimental data can be obtained if both the fission barrier heights and level densities are independently renormalized. The resulting barrier heights required to reproduce experimental cross sections are found to be smaller by a few hundred keV with respect to previous analyses.

Two-particle jet-like azimuthal correlations have revealed intriguing modifications to the away-side of high $p_{\perp }$ trigger particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Three-particle jet-like azimuthal correlation and three-particle azimuthal cumulant have been analyzed in experiments in attempt to distinguish conical emission of jet-correlated particles from other physics mechanisms. We investigate the difference between three-particle jet-like correlation and three-particle cumulant in azimuth. We show, under the circumstance where the away-side two-particle correlation is relatively flat in azimuth and similar in magnitude to the azimuthal average of the two-particle correlation signal, that the three-particle cumulant cannot distinguish conical emission from other physics mechanisms. The three-particle jet-like correlation, on the other hand, retains its discrimination power.

The ${}_{30}^{61}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{31}$ nucleus has been studied via the combined data of two fusion-evaporation reaction experiments using a ${}^{36}\mathrm{Ar}$ beam and a ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ target foil. The experimental setups involved the Ge array GAMMASPHERE and neutron and charged particle detectors placed around the target position. The resulting level scheme comprises about 120 excited states connected via some 180 $\gamma$-ray transitions. In total, seven rotational structures were identified up to $I~25$ or higher and compared with predictions from cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.

Information on dissipation in the entrance channel of heavy-ion collisions is extracted by the macroscopic reduction procedure of time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory. The method gives access to a fully microscopic description of the friction coefficient associated with the transfer of energy from the relative motion toward intrinsic degrees of freedom. The reduced friction coefficient exhibits a universal behavior, i.e., almost independent of systems investigated, whose order of magnitude is comparable with the calculations based on linear response theory. Similarly to nucleus-nucleus potential, especially close to the Coulomb barrier, there are sizable dynamical effects on the magnitude and form factor of the friction coefficient.

We use perfect-fluid hydrodynamical model to predict the elliptic flow coefficients in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The initial state for the hydrodynamical calculation for central $A+A$ collisions is obtained from the perturbative QCD $+$ saturation model. The centrality dependence of the initial state is modeled by the optical Glauber model. We show that the baseline results obtained from the framework are in good agreement with the data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and show predictions for the $p_T$ spectra and elliptic flow of pions in $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at the LHC. Also mass and multiplicity effects are discussed.

The ground-state electric quadrupole moment of ${}^{31}\mathrm{Al}(I^{\pi }=5/2^{+},T_{1/2}=644(25)\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{ms})$ has been measured by means of $\beta$-ray-detected nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a spin-polarized ${}^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ beam produced in the projectile fragmentation reaction. The obtained $Q$ moment, $|Q_{\exp }({}^{31}\mathrm{Al})|=112(32)\hspace{0.5em}e\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{mb}$, is in agreement with conventional shell model calculations within the $\mathit{sd}$ valence space. Previous results on the magnetic moment also support the validity of the $\mathit{sd}$ model in this isotope, and thus it is concluded that ${}^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ is located outside of the island of inversion.

A parametrization of the interaction-barrier model of C. Y. Wong [Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 766 (1973)] is given for light, weakly bound projectiles and also for the exotic “halo” nuclei ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^8\mathrm{B}$. Comparisons are made with the original parametrization. The extremely anomalous behavior of the interaction radius and barrier curvature for halo nuclei is discussed.

The high-spin structure of the $Z=76$ nucleus ${}^{188}\mathrm{Os}$ has been studied using the incomplete fusion reaction ${}^7\mathrm{Li}+{}^{186}\mathrm{W}$. A $K^{\pi }={10}^{+}$ band has been established up to spin $({24}^{+})$ and its crossing with the ground-state band has been studied. In addition, intrinsic high-$K$ states have been identified and on top of two of them, $K^{\pi }=7^{-}$ and $K^{\pi }={10}^{-}$, regular bands have been observed. The $K^{\pi }={16}^{+}$ and $K^{\pi }={18}^{+}$ states are yrast whereas the $K^{\pi }={14}^{+}$ level lies only 33 keV above the yrast line and decays with a low reduced hindrance of $f_{\nu }<1.3$ to the ground-state band $(\Delta K=14)$. The results are discussed by means of a systematic comparison with the even-even neighboring nucleus ${}^{186}\mathrm{Os}$. Configuration-constrained multiquasiparticle potential-energy-surface calculations have been performed to identify the configurations of multiquasiparticle states.

The half-life of the nucleus ${}^{10}\mathrm{C}$ has been determined by detecting its decay positrons in an $E-\Delta E$ fast scintillator telescope and recording the data in event mode. Care was taken to exclude the effects of possible contaminant activities and of pileup in the linear electronic systems. A value of 19.282(11) s has been obtained, which is in good agreement with two of the three previous measurements, but not with the most recent.

We compute the inclusive differential cross section production of the pseudoscalar meson ${\eta }^{\text{'}}$ in high-energy proton-proton $(\mathit{pp})$ and proton-nucleus $(\mathit{pA})$ collisions. We use an effective coupling between gluons and ${\eta }^{\text{'}}$ meson to derive a reduction formula that relates the ${\eta }^{\text{'}}$ production to a field-strength tensor correlator. For $\mathit{pA}$ collisions, we take into account saturation effects on the nucleus side by using the color glass condensate formalism to evaluate this correlator. We derive new results for Wilson-line color charge correlators in the McLerran-Venugopalan model needed in the computation of ${\eta }^{\text{'}}$ production. The unintegrated parton distribution functions are used to characterize the gluon distribution inside protons. We show that in $\mathit{pp}$ collisions, the cross section depends on the parametrization of unintegrated parton distribution functions, and thus it can be used to put constraints on these distributions. We also demonstrate that in $\mathit{pA}$ collisions, the cross section is sensitive to saturation effects, so it can be utilized to estimate the value of the saturation scale.

Properties of asymmetric nuclear matter are derived from various many-body approaches. This includes phenomenological ones like the Skyrme Hartree-Fock and relativistic mean field approaches, which are adjusted to fit properties of nuclei, as well as more microscopic attempts like the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation, a self-consistent Greens function method and the so-called $V_{\mathrm{low}-k}$ approach, which are based on realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions which reproduce the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts. These microscopic approaches are supplemented by a density-dependent contact interaction to achieve the empirical saturation property of symmetric nuclear matter. The predictions of all these approaches are discussed for nuclear matter at high densities in $\beta$-equilibrium. Special attention is paid to behavior of the isovector component of the effective mass in neutron-rich matter.