The framework of relativistic energy density functionals is extended to include correlations related to the restoration of broken symmetries and fluctuations of collective variables. A new implementation is developed for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian for quadrupole vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, with parameters determined by constrained self-consistent relativistic mean-field calculations for triaxial shapes. The model is tested in a series of illustrative calculations of potential energy surfaces and the resulting collective excitation spectra and transition probabilities of the chain of even-even gadolinium isotopes.

We present a model for electron and neutrino scattering off nucleons and nuclei focusing on the quasielastic and resonance region. The lepton-nucleon reaction is described within a relativistic formalism that includes, besides quasielastic scattering, the excitation of 13 $N^{*}$ and Δ resonances and a nonresonant single-pion background. Recent electron scattering data are used for the state-of-the-art parametrizations of the vector form factors; the axial couplings are determined via partial conservation of the axial current and, in the case of the Δ resonance, the axial form factor is refitted using neutrino-scattering data. Scattering off nuclei is treated within the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck framework (GiBUU), which takes into account various nuclear effects: the local density approximation for the nuclear ground state, mean-field potentials, and in-medium spectral functions. Results for inclusive scattering off oxygen are presented and, in the case of electron-induced reactions, compared with experimental data and other models.

We show that part of the empirical formula describing the gross features of the measured yrast energies of the natural parity even multipole states for even-even nuclei can be related to the rotational energy of nuclei. When the first term of the empirical formula, $\alpha A^{-\gamma }$, is regarded as the rotational energy, we can better understand the results of the previous analyses of the excitation energies. We show that the values of the parameters $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ newly obtained by considering the $\alpha A^{-\gamma }$ term as the rotational energy of a rigid rotor are remarkably consistent with those values extracted from the earlier “modified” ${\chi }^2$ analyses, in which we use the logarithms of the excitation energies in defining the “modified” ${\chi }^2$ values.

Results of proton-proton-$\gamma$ coincidence measurements using the ${}^{36}\mathrm{S}+{}^9\mathrm{Be}$ reaction revealed a $\gamma$ ray of $201.27\pm 0.16$ keV that most probably corresponds to the transition between the predicted $7/2^{-}$ first excited state to the $5/2^{-}$ ground state of ${}^{43}\mathrm{Ar}$.

We extract $K$ matrix poles from our fits to elastic pion-nucleon scattering and eta-nucleon production data in order to test a recently proposed method for the determination of resonance properties, based on the trace of the $K$ matrix. We have considered issues associated with the separation of background and resonance contributions, the correspondence between $K$ matrix and $T$ matrix poles, and the complicated behavior of eigenphases.

Using a beam of the radioactive isotope ${}^{25}\mathrm{Al}$, produced with the new RESOLUT facility, we measured the direct $(d,n)$ proton-transfer reaction leading to low-lying proton resonances in ${}^{26}\mathrm{Si}$. We observed the lowest $l=0$ proton resonance, identified with the $3^{+}$ state at 5.914-MeV excitation energy. This result eliminates the largest uncertainty in astrophysical reaction rates involved in the nucleosynthesis of ${}^{26}\mathrm{Al}$.

We predict the energy per baryon in nuclear matter with non-zero fractions of Λ hyperons. We include Dirac effects on the nucleon as well as the Λ and describe how the latter are implemented. We use the nucleon-hyperon meson-exchange potentials from the Jülich group, the latest as well as an earlier version. The dependence of the results on the many-body framework and on the nucleon-hyperon interaction model is discussed.

Ridge formation in near-side correlation in heavy-ion collisions is studied in the framework of a phenomenological model called the correlated emission model. Successive soft emissions due to jet-medium interaction lead to the enhancement of thermal partons that follow the local flow directions. The correlation between the flow direction and the semihard parton direction is the major factor that causes the ridge formation to depend on the trigger direction relative to the reaction plane. With the use of a few parameters we have been able to reproduce the data on the ridge yields as functions of the trigger azimuthal angle for different centralities. An inside-outside asymmetry function is proposed to further probe the characteristics of the azimuthal correlation function. Insights are provided for the understanding of some detailed aspects of the centrality dependence.

The resonance energies of strange dibaryons are investigated with the use of the $\overline{K}\mathit{NN}\text{−}\pi YN$ coupled-channels Faddeev equation. It is found that the pole positions of the predicted three-body amplitudes are significantly modified when the three-body coupled-channels dynamics is approximated, as is done in the literature, by the effective two-body $\overline{K}N$ interactions.

New strong coupled-channels $\overline{K}N\text{−}\pi \Sigma$ potential, reproducing all existing experimental data and suitable for using in an accurate few-body calculations, is constructed. Isospin breaking effects of direct inclusion of the Coulomb interaction and using of physical masses in calculations are investigated. The $1s$ level shift and width of kaonic hydrogen, consistent with the scattering data, was obtained and the corresponding exact strong $K^{-}p$ scattering length was calculated. One- and two-pole form of $\Lambda (1405)$ resonance was considered.

We consider the energy weighted sums (EWS) for isovector giant dipole resonances (IVGDR) in finite nuclei within Landau kinetic theory. The dependence of both IVGDR energy, $E_{\mathrm{IVGDR}}$, and the EWS enhancement factor, $\kappa (A)$, on the mass number $A$ occurs because of the boundary condition on the moving nuclear surface. The values of $E_{\mathrm{IVGDR}}{A}^{1/3}$ and $\kappa (A)$ increase with $A$. The obtained value of the enhancement factor is about $10\%$ for light nuclei and reaches approximately $20\%$ for heavy nuclei. A fit of the enhancement factor to the proper experimental data provides a value for the isovector Landau amplitude of $F_1^{\text{'}}\simeq 1.1$.

Spin-dependent total $\overline{p}d$ cross sections are considered using the optical theorem. For this aim the full spin dependence of the forward $\overline{p}d$ elastic scattering amplitude is considered in a model independent way. The single-scattering approximation is used to relate this amplitude to the elementary amplitudes of $\overline{p}p$ and $\overline{p}n$ scattering and the deuteron form factor. A formalism allowing to take into account Coulomb-nuclear interference effects in polarized $\overline{p}d$ cross sections is developed. Numerical calculations for the polarized total $\overline{p}d$ cross sections are performed at beam energies 20–300 MeV using the $\overline{N}N$ interaction models developed by the Jülich group. Double-scattering effects are estimated within the Glauber approach and found to be in the order of 10–20%. Existing experimental data on differential $\overline{p}d$ cross sections are in good agreement with the performed Glauber calculations. It is found that for the used $\overline{N}N$ models the total longitudinal and transversal $\overline{p}d$ cross sections are comparable in absolute value to those for $\overline{p}p$ scattering.

We estimate the energy density and the gluon distribution associated with the classical fields describing the early-time dynamics of heavy-ion collisions. In the McLerran-Venugopalan model, we first decompose the energy density into the momentum components exactly, with the use of the Wilson line correlators. Then we evolve the energy density with the free-field equation, which is justified by the dominance of the ultraviolet modes near the collision point. We also discuss the improvement that occurs with the inclusion of nonlinear terms into the time evolution. Our numerical results at RHIC energy are fairly consistent with the empirical values.

We use the $\rho \Delta$ interaction in the hidden gauge formalism to dynamically generate $N^{*}$ and ${\Delta }^{*}$ resonances. We show, through a comparison of the results from this analysis and from a quark model study with data, that the ${\Delta }_{5/2^{-}}(1930)$, ${\Delta }_{3/2^{-}}(1940)$, and ${\Delta }_{1/2^{-}}(1900)$ resonances can be assigned to $\rho \Delta$ bound states. More precisely the ${\Delta }_{5/2^{-}}(1930)$ can be interpreted as a $\rho \Delta$ bound state whereas the ${\Delta }_{3/2^{-}}(1940)$ and ${\Delta }_{1/2^{-}}(1900)$ may contain an important $\rho \Delta$ component. This interpretation allows for a solution of a long-standing puzzle concerning the description of these resonances in constituent quark models. In addition we also obtain degenerate $J^P=1/2^{-},3/2^{-},5/2^{-}$ $N^{*}$ states but their assignment to experimental resonances is more uncertain.

The $\gamma d\to K^{+}{K}^{-}\mathit{pn}$ reaction has been studied to search for the evidence of the ${\Theta }^{+}$ by detecting $K^{+}{K}^{-}$ pairs at forward angles. The Fermi-motion-corrected ${\mathit{nK}}^{+}$ invariant mass distribution shows a narrow peak at $1.524\pm 0.002+0.003$ GeV/$c^2$. The statistical significance of the peak calculated from a shape analysis is 5.1 σ, and the differential cross section for the $\gamma n\to K^{-}{\Theta }^{+}$ reaction is estimated to be $12\pm 2$ nb/sr in the photon energy range from 2.0 to 2.4 GeV in the LEPS angular range by assuming the isotropic production of the ${\Theta }^{+}$ in the $\gamma n$ center-of-mass system. The obtained results support the existence of the ${\Theta }^{+}$.

Relativistic mean field theory with nonlinear scalar self-interaction and isoscalar scalar-vector cross-interaction is used to study the properties of neutron star matter in $\beta$ equilibrium with and without hyperons. The influence of $\sigma \text{−}\omega$ meson cross-interaction on the properties of neutron star matter and the mass-radius relation of neutron stars is examined with attractive and repulsive Σ potential, respectively. The calculated result indicates that the cross-interaction softens the equation of state (EOS) of nuclear (hadronic) matter and reduces the maximum mass of neutron stars. It also decreases the densities for hyperonization to occur and lowers the center density of neutron stars. The increase of the cross-interaction strength enhances the softening effect of hyperons on the EOS. Meanwhile the repulsive Σ potential stiffens slightly the EOS and influences obviously the composition of neutron star matter.

The cross section of the radiative proton capture reaction on the drip line nucleus ${}^{12}\mathrm{N}$ was investigated using the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) method. We have used the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}({}^{12}\mathrm{N},{}^{13}\mathrm{O}){}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ proton transfer reaction at 12 MeV/nucleon to extract the ANC for ${}^{13}\mathrm{O}\to {}^{12}\mathrm{N}+p$ and calculate from it the direct component of the astrophysical $S$ factor of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{N}(p,\gamma ){}^{13}\mathrm{O}$ reaction. The optical potentials used and the distorted-wave Born approximation analysis of the proton transfer reaction are discussed. For the entrance channel, the optical potential was inferred from an elastic scattering measurement carried out at the same time as the transfer measurement. From the transfer, we determined the square of the ANC, $C_{p_{1/2}}^2({}^{13}\mathrm{O}{}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.})=2.53\pm 0.30\hspace{0.5em}{\mathrm{fm}}^{-1}$, and hence a value of $0.33(4)\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{keV}$ b was obtained for the direct astrophysical $S$ factor at zero energy. Constructive interference at low energies between the direct and resonant captures leads to an enhancement of $S_{\mathrm{total}}(0)=0.42(6)\hspace{0.5em}\mathrm{keV}$ b. The ${}^{12}\mathrm{N}(p,\gamma ){}^{13}\mathrm{O}$ reaction was investigated in relation to the evolution of hydrogen-rich massive Population III stars, for the role that it may play in the hot $\mathit{pp}$-chain nuclear burning processes, possibly occurring in such objects.

We look for $\Delta \Delta$ and $N\Delta$ resonances by calculating $\mathit{NN}$ scattering phase shifts of two interacting baryon clusters of quarks with explicit coupling to these dibaryon channels. Two phenomenological nonrelativistic chiral quark models giving similar low-energy $\mathit{NN}$ properties are found to give significantly different dibaryon resonance structures. In the chiral quark model (ChQM), the dibaryon system does not resonate in the $\mathit{NNS}$ waves, in agreement with the experimental SP07 $\mathit{NN}$ partial-wave scattering amplitudes. In the quark delocalization and color screening model (QDCSM), the $S$-wave $\mathit{NN}$ resonances disappear when the nucleon size $b$ falls below 0.53 fm. Both quark models give an ${\mathit{IJ}}^P={03}^{+}\Delta \Delta$ resonance. At $b=0.52$ fm, the value favored by the baryon spectrum, the resonance mass is 2390 (2420) MeV for the ChQM with quadratic (linear) confinement, and 2360 MeV for the QDCSM. Accessible from the ${}^3{D}_3^{\mathit{NN}}$ channel, this resonance is a promising candidate for the known isoscalar ABC structure seen more clearly in the $\mathit{pn}\to d\pi \pi$ production cross section at 2410 MeV in the recent preliminary data reported by the CELSIUS-WASA Collaboration. In the isovector dibaryon sector, our quark models give a bound or almost bound ${}^5{S}_2^{\Delta \Delta }$ state that can give rise to a ${}^1{D}_2^{\mathit{NN}}$ resonance. None of the quark models used have bound $N\Delta P$ states that might generate odd-parity resonances.

Medium-spin structure of neutron rich nuclei ${}^{92}\mathrm{Sr}$, ${}^{94}\mathrm{Sr}$, and ${}^{96}\mathrm{Sr}$ have been studied in spontaneous fission of ${}^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$. New spin and parity assignments done in this work differ significantly from those reported in other works. The $9^{-}$ excitations, involving the $\nu (g_{7/2}{h}_{11/2}){}_{9^{-}}$ maximum aligned configuration, were proposed in the three nuclei at 4930.2 keV, 4858.6 keV, and 3523.9 keV, respectively. Shell-model calculations, with the ${}^{78}\mathrm{Ni}$ core, support the proposed nature of the $9^{-}$ excitations. The new data allow testing the single-particle energies in the region of ${}^{78}\mathrm{Ni}$, and in particular, the position of the $\nu h_{11/2}$ orbital, which was not uniquely determined to date.

Giant resonances in ${}^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$ were measured by inelastic scattering of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ ions at $E_{{}^6\mathrm{Li}}=240$ MeV over the angle range $0^{°}\text{−}{6}^{°}$. Isoscalar $E0\text{−}E3$ strength distributions were obtained with a double folding model analysis. A total of ${106}_{-11}^{+27}\%$ of the $E$0 EWSR was found in the excitation energy range from 8 MeV to 30 MeV with a centroid ($m_1/m_0)$ energy $15.{39}_{-0.20}^{+0.35}$ MeV in agreement with results obtained with $\alpha$ inelastic scattering.