To accomplish a systematic study of incomplete fusion, verification of more experimental data of different projectile-target combinations is required. For this purpose, the excitation functions for several evaporation residues formed in ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}+{}^{51}\mathrm{V}$ interaction at energy $\approx 4$–7 MeV/$A$ were measured. The experimentally measured excitation functions were compared with the theoretical predictions obtained from statistical model code alice-91. The measured excitation functions for $xn$ and/or $pxn$ channels are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. However, a significant enhancement has been observed for $\alpha$-breakup fusion modes. This enhancement in the cross section gives clear indication of incomplete fusion of the projectile with the target. To gain insightin to the reaction dynamics, incomplete fusion probability has been deduced. This shows that the incomplete fusion process gradually increases in importance with increasing incident energy. The present results have also been compared with the results obtained in the interaction of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ with ${}^{51}\mathrm{V}$ where a strong projectile structure effect has been observed, which can be explained in terms of the $\alpha$-decay $Q$ value of the projectile. It is also observed that the probability of breakup of a projectile prior to fusion depends on mass asymmetry of the interacting partners as well as on the deformation of the target nucleus.

We investigate the formation of resonances in the $P33$ partial wave with emphasis on possible emergence of dynamically generated quasibound states as a consequence of a strong $p$-wave pion attractive interaction in this partial wave, as well as their possible interaction with the genuine quark excited states. By using the Laurent-Pietarinen expansion we follow the evolution of the $S$-matrix poles in the complex energy plane as a function of the interaction strength. Already without introducing a genuine quark resonant state, two physically interesting resonances emerge with pole masses around 1200 and 1400 MeV, with dominant $\pi N$ and $\pi \mathrm{\Delta }$ components, respectively. The added genuine resonant state in the ${\left(1s\right)}^3$ quark configuration mixes with the lower dynamically generated resonance forming the physical $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1232\right)$ resonance, and pushes the second dynamical resonance to around 1500 MeV, which allows it to be identified with the $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1600\right)$ resonance. Adding a second resonant state with one quark promoted to the $2s$ orbit generates another pole whose evolution remains well separated from the lower two poles. We calculate the helicity amplitudes at the pole and suggest that their $Q^2$ dependence could be a decisive test to discriminate between different models of the $\mathrm{\Delta }\left(1600\right)$ resonance.

The neutron-rich Ni isotopes have attracted attention in recent years because of the occurrence of shape or configuration coexistence. We report on the difference in population of excited final states in ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$ following $\gamma$-ray tagged one-proton, one-neutron, and two-proton knockout from ${}^{71}\mathrm{Cu}$, ${}^{71}\mathrm{Ni}$, and ${}^{72}\mathrm{Zn}$ rare-isotope beams, respectively. Using variations observed in the relative transition intensities, signaling the changed population of specific final states in the different reactions, the role of neutron and proton configurations in excited states of ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$ is probed schematically, with the goal of identifying those that carry, as leading configuration, proton excitations across the $Z=28$ shell closure. Such states are suggested in the literature to form a collective structure associated with prolate deformation. Adding to the body of knowledge for ${}^{70}\mathrm{Ni}$, 29 new transitions are reported, of which 15 are placed in its level scheme.

We estimate the relative contribution of nuclear structure and new physics couplings to the parity nonconserving spin-independent effects in atomic systems for both single isotopes and isotopic ratios. General expressions are presented to assess the sensitivity of isotopic ratios to neutron skins and to couplings beyond standard model at tree level. The specific coefficients for these contributions are calculated assuming Fermi distribution for proton and neutron nuclear densities for isotopes of Rb, Cs, Ba, Sm, Dy, Yb, Tl, Pb, Fr, and Ra. The present work aims to provide a guide to the choice of the best isotopes and pairs of isotopes for conducting atomic parity-nonconserving measurements.

The radiative cross sections for neutron capture by ${}^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$ to form the ground state of ${}^{94}\mathrm{Nb}$ have been determined to be ${\sigma }_g=0.18\left(8\right)\mathrm{b}$ and $I_g=5.2\left(8\right)\mathrm{b}$ by an activation study of the γ rays emitted in the decays of ${}^{94}\mathrm{Nb}^{g,m}$. This determination required the correction of the total production of the ground state in neutron capture for the production through the decay of the isomer, in the process of which the cross sections of the isomer were determined to be ${\sigma }_m=0.78\left(9\right)\mathrm{b}$ and $I_m=5.6\left(7\right)\mathrm{b}$. The values of the cross sections are discussed on the basis of the resonance structure of ${}^{94}\mathrm{Nb}$ and also in comparison with the similar cases of neutron capture by ${}^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ and ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$. Also reported are new determinations of the energies and intensities of the γ rays emitted in the decays of ${}^{94}\mathrm{Nb}^{g,m}$ and ${}^{92}\mathrm{Nb}^m$.

The conversion electrons from the decay of the 35.5-keV excited state of ${}^{125}\mathrm{Te}$ following the electron capture decay of ${}^{125}\mathrm{I}$ have been investigated at high resolution using an electrostatic spectrometer. The penetration parameter $\lambda =-1.2\left(6\right)$ and mixing ratio $\left|\delta \right(E2/M1\left)\right|=0.015\left(2\right)$ were deduced by fitting to literature values and present data. The shake probability of the conversion electrons is estimated to be 0.5, more than two times larger than the predicted value of 0.2.

Investigation on the excited states of ${}^{63}\mathrm{Zn}$ was done through in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopic techniques using the ${}^{52}\mathrm{Cr}({}^{18}\mathrm{O},\alpha 3n)$ fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 72.5 MeV. Detection of the emitted $\gamma$ rays from the excited nuclei was performed in the coincidence mode using 14 Compton suppressed Ge clover detectors of the Indian National Gamma Array. Based on the $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidence data, 13 new transitions have been placed in the level scheme following their coincidence relationship and intensity balance. Spin and parity assignments of the excited levels have been carried out by extracting the directional correlation from oriented states ratio and polarization asymmetry values of the emitted $\gamma$ rays. Shell model calculations have been performed in the $f_{5/2}p{g}_{9/2}$ model space with a ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ core using the jj44bpn interaction, to interpret the observed excited states of the nucleus. A reasonable agreement is found between the experimental findings and the shell-model calculations. In order to understand the evolution of a collective shape built on the $9/2^{+}$ (1704 keV) state, we have performed total Routhian surface calculations with a $1g_{9/2}$ quasineutron and found reasonable agreement.

A search for superallowed $\alpha$ decay of $N=Z$ nuclei ${}^{104}\mathrm{Te}$ and ${}^{108}\mathrm{Xe}$ was carried out using a novel recoil-decay scintillator detector at the tandem accelerator facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Inorganic crystal scintillation material YAP:Ce (yttrium aluminum perovskite) coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) was implemented for the first time in a radioactive decay experiment. Residues from the fusion-evaporation reaction ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{54}\mathrm{Fe}\to {}^{112}\mathrm{Xe}^{*}$ were separated by the JAEA Recoil Mass Separator (RMS) and implanted into the YAP:Ce crystal. $\alpha$ decays of neutron-deficient tellurium isotopes were identified and proton emission of ${}^{109}\mathrm{I}$ was observed. The $\alpha$-decay chain ${}^{109}\mathrm{Xe}\to {}^{105}\mathrm{Te}\to {}^{101}\mathrm{Sn}$ was recorded with a time interval of 960 ns between two $\alpha$ pulses. Position localization in the crystal for decays and ions in the energy range from hundreds of keV to 60 MeV was achieved with an accuracy of 0.67 mm, proving that this detector is capable of making temporal and spatial correlations for fast decay events. No conclusive evidence was found for the decay chain ${}^{108}\mathrm{Xe}\to {}^{104}\mathrm{Te}\to {}^{100}\mathrm{Sn}$ within 3 days of experiment. However, two events were observed with properties consistent with the reported observation at the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA), but with a separation between signals of less than 4 ns. The cross section limit of 130 pb was obtained for production of two events of ${}^{108}\mathrm{Xe}$, about an order of magnitude below the expectation based on earlier cross section measurements and the hivap fusion-evaporation code.

Monoisotopic samples of ${}^{107}\mathrm{Nb}$ nuclei, produced in the proton-induced fission of ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ and separated using the IGISOL mass separator coupled to a Penning trap, were used to perform $\beta$- and $\gamma$-coincidence spectroscopy of ${}^{107}\mathrm{Mo}$. Gamma transitions and excited levels in ${}^{107}\mathrm{Mo}$ were observed in $\beta$ decay for the first time. Spin and parity $1/2^{+}$ for the ground state of ${}^{107}\mathrm{Mo}$ is proposed, to replace the previous $5/2^{+}$ assignment. The experimental $\beta$-decay half-life of ${}^{107}\mathrm{Nb}$ was estimated to be $0.27\pm 0.02$ s.

We apply the $R$-matrix method in distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations. The internal wave functions are expanded over a Lagrange mesh, which provides an efficient and fast technique to compute matrix elements. We first present an outline of the theory, by emphasizing the $R$-matrix aspects. The model is applied to the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}(d,p){}^{17}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{(}^7\mathrm{Li},t){}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reactions, typical of nucleon and of $\alpha$ transfer, respectively. We illustrate the sensitivity of the cross sections with respect to the $R$-matrix parameters and show that an excellent convergence can be achieved with relatively small bases. We also discuss the effects of the remnant term in DWBA calculations and address the question of the peripherality in transfer reactions. We suggest that uncertainties on spectroscopic factors could be underestimated in the literature.

In reactions, the wave packets of the emerging products typically are not eigenstates of particle number operators or any other conserved quantities, and their properties are entangled. I describe a particle projection technique in parts of space, which eschews the need to evaluate Pfaffians in the case of overlap of generalized Slater determinants or Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov type of vacua. The extension of these formulas for calculating either angular momentum or particle projected energy distributions of the reaction fragments are presented as well. The generalization to simultaneous particle and angular momentum projection of various reaction fragment observables is straightforward.

The color transparency of $K^{+}$ mesons produced due to large four-momentum transfer in $(e,e^{\prime })$ reactions on nuclei is studied. The variations of $K^{+}$-meson color transparency ($K^{+}\mathrm{CT}$) with the photon virtuality and the kaon momentum are investigated. The calculated results for $K^{+}\mathrm{CT}$ are compared with data reported from Jefferson Laboratory.

We investigate neutron star moments of inertia from Bayesian posterior probability distributions of the nuclear equation of state that incorporate information from microscopic many-body theory and empirical data of finite nuclei. We focus on PSR J0737-3039A and predict that for this $1.338M_{\odot }$ neutron star the moment of inertia lies in the range $1.04\times {10}^{45}\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{cm}}^2<I<1.51\times {10}^{45}\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ at the 95% credibility level, while the most probable value for the moment of inertia is $\tilde{I}=1.36\times {10}^{45}\mathrm{g}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$. Assuming a measurement of the PSR J0737-3039A moment of inertia to 10% precision, we study the implications for neutron star radii and tidal deformabilities. We also determine the crustal component of the moment of inertia and find that for typical neutron star masses $1.3M_{\odot }<M<1.5M_{\odot }$ the crust contributes $1–6\%$ of the total moment of inertia, below what is needed to explain large pulsar glitches in the scenario of strong neutron entrainment.

The ground-state energies and radii for ${}^4\mathrm{He}$, ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ are calculated with the unitary-model-operator approach (UMOA). In the present study, we employ similarity renormalization group (SRG) evolved nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) and three-nucleon ($3N$) interactions based on chiral effective field theory. This is the first UMOA calculation with both $NN$ and $3N$ interactions. The calculated ground-state energies and radii are consistent with the recent ab initio results with the same interaction. We evaluate the expectation values of two- and three-body SRG evolved radius operators, in addition to those of the bare radius operator. With the aid of the higher-body evolution of the radius operator, it is seen that the calculated radii tend to be SRG resolution-scale independent. We find that the SRG evolution gives minor modifications for the radius operator.

Coupled equations for even and odd particle number correlation functions are set up via the equation of motion method. For the even particle number case this leads to self-consistent random-phase approximation equations already known from the literature. From the equations of the odd particle number case the single-particle occupation probabilities are obtained in a self-consistent way. This is the essential new procedure of this work. Both even and odd particle number cases are based on the same correlated vacuum and, thus, are coupled equations. Applications to the Lipkin model and to the one-dimensional Hubbard model give very good results.

Particles in the classically forbidden regions are studied based on the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum with PC-PK1 for magnesium isotopes. By analyzing the neutron and proton radii, it is found that the largest deviations from the empirical values appear at the predicted neutron halo nuclei ${}^{42}\mathrm{Mg}$ and ${}^{44}\mathrm{Mg}$. Consistently, notable increases at ${}^{42}\mathrm{Mg}$ and ${}^{44}\mathrm{Mg}$ are found in the total number of neutrons in the classically forbidden regions, which includes the number of neutrons in continuum. It is shown that the deformation effect, in general, increases the number of particles in the classically forbidden regions below the continuum threshold. The most deeply bound single-particle states play the dominant roles in the increase caused by deformation.

The dynamic linear response of a quantum system is critical for understanding both the structure and dynamics of strongly interacting quantum systems, including neutron scattering from materials, photon and electron scattering from atomic systems, and electron and neutrino scattering by nuclei. We present a general algorithm for universal quantum computers to calculate the dynamic linear response function with controlled errors and to obtain information about specific final states that can be directly compared to experimental observations.

We show, through analytic arguments, numerical calculations, and comparison with experimental data, that the ratio of the high-$p_{\perp }$ observables $v_2/(1-R_{\mathrm{AA}})$ reaches a well-defined saturation value at high $p_{\perp }$, and that this ratio depends only on the spatial anisotropy of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. With expected future reduction of experimental errors, the anisotropy extracted from experimental data will further constrain the calculations of initial particle production in heavy-ion collisions and thus test our understanding of QGP physics.

Excited states in the deformed nucleus ${}^{158}\mathrm{Gd}$ have been studied in the $(p,t)$ reaction using the Munich Tandem Accelerator and the Q3D spectrograph. Thirty-six excited $0^{+}$ states (five tentative) have been assigned up to the 4.3 MeV excitation energy. This large number of excited $0^{+}$ states in a deformed nucleus, close to a complete level scheme for this spin and parity, offers a new opportunity to test nuclear models and obtain more information on the structure of these special states.