The nucleus ${}_{}{}^{50}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$ has been studied with the ${}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},d)$, ${}_{}{}^{51}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},\alpha )$, ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},p)$, and ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},p\gamma )$ reactions induced by the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}_{}^{++}{}_{}{}^{}$ beam from the Argonne tandem Van de Graaff. The (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},d$), (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},\alpha$), and (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},p$) angular distributions at $E\left({}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}\right)=22\mathrm{}$ MeV and with 20-, 30-, and 75-keV over-all resolution, respectively, have been analyzed with the distorted-wave Born approximation. The (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},p$) and (${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He},p\gamma$) reactions were also studied at 13 MeV to obtain the $\gamma$ decay of ${}_{}{}^{50}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$ levels (including two $0^{+}$ isobaric analog states) in which the neutron-proton pair is transferred with zero orbital angular momentum. The two $0^{+}$ isobaric analog states are observed to decay by $M1\mathrm{}$ transitions to two different low-lying $1^{+}$ states, one of which is $f_{\frac{7}{2}}$ and the other is a complex configuration. Several levels between 1.3- and 4-MeV excitation energy are seen to decay in part to the $1^{+}$ levels populated by decay of the two $0^{+}$ analog states. The ${}_{}{}^{50}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{V}$ levels at 1.333 and 1.490 MeV are assigned $1^{+}$, and the previous tentative spin assignments $5^{+}$, $4^{+}$, $3^{+}$, and $2^{+}$ of the first four excited states are supported. All available data are used to evaluate two models: (1) the truncated $1f_{\frac{7}{2}}$ shell model of McCullen, Bayman, and Zamick and (2) the Coriolos-coupling model of Wasielewski and Malik.

The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to measure the lifetimes of nuclear levels formed in the heavy-ion bombardment of titanium deuteride targets. The nuclei formed are those resulting from the "inverse" ($d,p$) and ($d,n$) reactions, using beams of ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$, ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$, ${}_{}{}^{34}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$, ${}_{}{}^{35}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$, and ${}_{}{}^{37}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$. Target backings of Mg, Al, and Cu were used as stopping media for the $\gamma$-decaying nuclei. $\gamma$ rays were observed, mostly at 0° to the beam, with a 35-${\mathrm{cm}}^3$ Ge(Li) detector. New results include mean lifetimes of 1.8±0.34 psec for the ${}_{}{}^{33}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$ 811-keV level, 3.3±0.5 psec for the ${}_{}{}^{35}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ 1574-keV level, and 1.50±0.18 psec for the 2468-keV level of ${}_{}{}^{36}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.

The first reported measurement of the delayed $\gamma$-ray spectrum following the $\beta$ decay of ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ is presented. ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ recoils from the ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}({}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O},2p){}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction were thermalized in He gas and transferred through traps to a remotely located counting station. $\gamma$ and $\beta$ rays were counted simultaneously with Ge(Li) and NE102 detectors, respectively. $\gamma$-ray energies (in keV) and relative intensities for the ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ daughter transitions are 89.53 ± 0.10 (95.5 ± 0.6), 979.77 ± 0.16 (18.1 ± 1.9), 1069.30 ± 0.19 (2.34 ± 0.38), 2112.5 ± 1.0 (0.62 ± 0.19), 2202.0 ± 1.0 (1.1 ± 0.3), and 3688 ± 3 (0.96 ± 0.24). The ground-state $\beta$ branch has been measured to be less than 20% of all $\beta$ branches. The ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ excitation energies (in keV) and $\beta$ branches (in%, assuming the ground-state branch is zero) are 89.53 ± 0.10 (76.8 ± 1.9), 1069.32 ± 0.19 (19.2 ± 2.0), 2202 ± 1 (2.3 ± 0.5), and 3688 ± 3 (1.18 ± 0.30). A 0.52 ± 0.15% branch is tentatively assigned to a state in ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ at 4289 ± 3 keV, on the basis of an observed 3220 ± 3-keV $\gamma$ ray. The half-life of ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ has been measured to be 602 ± 8 msec. By measuring the end-point energy of the $\beta$ spectrum populating the first excited state of ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ the mass excess of ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ has been measured to be -1.96 ± 0.30 MeV. Comparison of the mass and decay of ${}_{}{}^{25}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ with theoretical estimates and models is made.

High-precision mass determinations have now been made for all four members of the lowest two $T=\frac{3}{2}$ states in the $A=25\mathrm{}$ system. The results are used to compute the coefficients of the isobaric-mass-multiplet equation.

The ${}_{}{}^{54}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}(d,\alpha ){}_{}{}^{52}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mn}$ reaction has been studied at 15-MeV incident energy. Angular distributions, up to an excitation energy of 4.7 MeV, have been obtained. Distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations have been carried out on the basis of the two-nucleon-transfer theory of Glendenning. The results provide information on the configuration of ${}_{}{}^{52}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mn}$ levels.

We have developed a formulation of the theory of multichannel nuclear reactons which permits practical and realistic numerical calculations in which a number of different reaction channels are coupled, assuming a zero-range approximation for the effective coupling and neglecting effects arising from the non-orthogonality of different reaction channels. A computer program, JUPITER-4, has been written embodying this coupled-reaction-channel formulation, and as a specific application we present analyses of the $(h,\alpha )-(\alpha ,t)$ or pickup-stripping contributions to ($h,t$) reactions, for the specific cases of ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}(h,t){}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sc}$ and ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}(h,t){}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{K}$. We pay particular attention to the interplay and interference of direct and pickup-stripping amplitudes, and try to identify general tendencies. Finally, we give simple sum rules which aid in predicting the nature of the interference for specific spins of intermediate and final nuclear states.

The directional correlation between once forbidden, nonunique 883-keV $\beta$ and the 84-keV $\gamma$ ray in the decay of ${}_{}{}^{170}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tm}$ has been measured as a function of $\beta$ energy in the range 227 to 747 keV employing a fast-slow scintillation assembly. The attenuation of the correlation due to the finite lifetime of the intermediate state is determined by conducting an integral correlation experiment in both solid and liquid sources and is found to be about 30%. The present results on the directional correlation are combined with the nonallowed shape of the 883-keV $\beta$ transition for the extraction of the matrix-element parameters. The relative sizes of the matrix-element parameters show that a cancellation of rank-1 matrix elements may be responsible for the observed behavior of the 883-keV $\beta$ transition. The present matrix element parameters are consistent with the description of Woods-Saxon wave functions characterizing the states. The results on conserved-vector-current (CVC) ratio are in accordance with the ideas due to Damgaard and Winther. The CVC ratio ($\frac{1}{\xi }$) ($\frac{\int i\overline{\alpha }}{\int \overline{r}}$) is found to be $0.48\le \left(\frac{1}{\xi }\right)\times \left(\frac{\int i\overline{\alpha }}{\int \overline{r}}\right)\le 0.81$, while the correction term $\lambda [=\frac{\int \overline{r}{\left(\frac{r}{R}\right)}^2}{\int \overline{r}}]$ in CVC ratio due to Damgaard and Winther is established to be 2.3.

The spectra of prompt $\gamma$ rays from ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{}(n,f)\mathrm{}$, ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}\mathrm{}(n,f)\mathrm{}$, and ${}_{}{}^{252}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cf}$(s.f.) emitted at 0-10 nsec after fission were measured with <4-nsec time resolution. A $\gamma$-ray spectrometer with a near-Gaussian response was used over the entire energy region, and the prompt neutrons from fission were positively rejected by time of flight. The measured $\gamma$-ray spectra show a systematic softening with increasing mass number for ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$, ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, and ${}_{}{}^{252}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cf}$. The average photon energy above 0.14 MeV is 0.97 ± 0.05, 0.94 ± 0.05, and 0.88 ± 0.04 MeV/photon for thermal-neutron fission of ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, and spontaneous fission of ${}_{}{}^{252}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cf}$, respectively. This behavior is discussed in terms of nearness of $Z$ and $N$ of the average fission fragment to closed-shell values, of the corresponding changes in level density expected, and of corroborative evidence from x-ray measurements. The total $\gamma$-ray energy released, ${\overline{E}}_{\gamma ,\mathrm{tot}}$, is 6.51, 6.81, and 6.84 MeV/fission for ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{}(n,f)\mathrm{}$, ${}_{}{}^{239}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}\mathrm{}(n,f)\mathrm{}$, and ${}_{}{}^{252}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cf}$ (s.f.), respectively, for photons above 0.14 MeV and for 0-10 nsec after fission. The calculations of Thomas and Grover are seen to be in agreement with these data in that they predict the correct partition of fission-fragment deexcitation energy between neutron and photon emission. This partition is related to the separation energy required to emit an additional neutron, to the pairing energy, and to the spin barrier for neutron emission. Two theoretical $\gamma$-ray spectra were compared to the measured spectrum for ${}_{}{}^{235}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{}(n,f)\mathrm{}$, and each was found to fit the measured spectrum well over only a limited portion of the total energy range.

A thin deposit of ${}_{}{}^{209}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Bi}$ was bombarded with 36.1-MeV protons from the Oak Ridge isochronous cyclotron and correlated energies of fission-fragment pairs were measured with silicon surface-barrier detectors. The mass-yield distribution obtained from these energies was compared with the radiochemical results of Sugihara, Roesner, and Meadows; we do not confirm the existence of the small asymmetric peak that appears in the wings of their distribution. Studies of statistical uncertainties and dispersion effects in our experiment indicate that they are not large enough to wash out such peaks. The average number of neutrons emitted as a function of fragment mass was obtained from a cumulative yield calculation and is consistent with an earlier measurement for ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$-induced fission of ${}_{}{}^{209}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Bi}$. Pre-neutron-emission mass and kinetic energy distributions are presented.

The level structure of ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tc}$ has been investigated from the decay of 1.65-h ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$. Singles $\gamma$-ray energy and intensity measurements were taken with a 42-${\mathrm{cm}}^3$ high-resolution Ge(Li) detector in an anti-Compton arrangement which employed a large NaI(Tl) annular detector. Energies and intensities have been determined for 81 $\gamma$ rays which have been observed to decay with the half-life of the ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$ isotope. Extensive $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidence Ge(Li)-Ge(Li) measurements have been utilized to establish $\gamma -\gamma$ coincidence relationships. The transitions to the ground and metastable state were identified from Ge(Li)-NaI(Tl) anticoincidence measurements. A decay scheme accommodating 71 transitions between 21 levels is proposed. The levels at 2168.2, 2189.0, 2267.5, and 2382.0 keV have not previously been reported. From deduced $log\mathrm{ft}$ values and measured $\gamma$-ray branching ratios definite $J^{\pi }$ assignments were made to a number of levels and limits for the $J^{\pi }$ values were placed for the rest of the levels in ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tc}$. The level structure of the ${}_{}{}^{95}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tc}$ isotope is examined and compared with spectra derived on the basis of extended pairing-plus-quadrupole and shell-model calculations.

We apply a radial-moment analysis to existing muonic-atom data for the nuclei ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, ${}_{}{}^{207}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, ${}_{}{}^{206}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, and ${}_{}{}^{204}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, with emphasis on the directly measured isotope shifts and with special attention to charge-density functions of the forms that have been used to fit high-energy electron scattering data. The accuracy of the method is investigated and found to be sufficient for a detailed interpretation of the presently available data. When analyzed in terms of radial moments, the isotope shifts show clearly that the charge-density function must change significantly in shape (not merely in radial extent) in order to describe all of the isotopes. A like pair is formed by ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$-${}_{}{}^{207}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$, which differ only in radial scale. A similar pair appears to be formed by ${}_{}{}^{206}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$-${}_{}{}^{204}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$. These last two isotopes have significantly less diffuse surfaces than ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ and ${}_{}{}^{207}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$. We find, in agreement with other analyses, that if the charge distribution is chosen to best fit those transitions which do not involve the $1s$ state, the resulting predicted binding of the $1s$ state is about 3 keV less in all four isotopes than is indicated by experiment. This difference is not experimentally significant, since it is possible to fit all transitions which are strongly affected by the charge distribution. Our analysis brings out a significant and still unexplained discrepancy between muonic-atom isotope shift measurements and electronic isotope shift measurements, the muonic shifts being typically larger by a factor of 1.5.

Excitation functions have been measured for the fission isomers ${}_{}{}^{240m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$ and ${}_{}{}^{239m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$ produced in the reactions of ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ with ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$. A value of 2.4 ± 0.5 nsec was obtained for the half-life of ${}_{}{}^{240m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$. The high detection efficiency of thick targets and annular detector geometry has been used and refined. Upper limits of 0.3 and 0.6 μb have been obtained for the production of 29-nsec ${}_{}{}^{240m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$ and 6.5-nsec ${}_{}{}^{238m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pu}$, respectively.

Cross sections as a function of energy (19-46 MeV) have been measured for the following products from the reactions of ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ with ${}_{}{}^{237}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Np}$: ${}_{}{}^{237g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$, ${}_{}{}^{238g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$, ${}_{}{}^{238m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$, ${}_{}{}^{239g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$, ${}_{}{}^{239m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$, ${}_{}{}^{240g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Am}$. The prompt fission and total reaction cross sections have also been determined from 19 to 23 MeV. Isomer ratios as a function of excitation energy are presented for several fission isomers.

11 directional correlations of $\gamma$-ray cascades in ${}_{}{}^{106}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$ were measured after the decay of 30-sec ${}_{}{}^{106g}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Rh}$. The following correlation coefficients were measured: $A_{22}\mathrm{}(873-616)=-0.103\mathrm{}\pm 0.010$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(873-616)=0.350\mathrm{}\pm 0.025$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1192-512)=0.360\mathrm{}\pm 0.012$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1192-512)=1.230\mathrm{}\pm 0.022$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1061-1128)=0.46\mathrm{}\pm 0.07$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1061-1128)=0.30\mathrm{}\pm 0.13$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1113-1128)=-0.37\mathrm{}\pm 0.06$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1113-1128)=0.19\mathrm{}\pm 0.05$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1150-1128)=0.20\mathrm{}\pm 0.05$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1150-1128)=1.33\mathrm{}\pm 0.20$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1178-1128)=0.24\mathrm{}\pm 0.03$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1178-1128)=1.00\mathrm{}\pm 0.15$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1766-512)=0.28\mathrm{}\pm 0.07$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1766-512)=1.90\mathrm{}\pm 0.50$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1796-512)=0.20\mathrm{}\pm 0.03$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1796-512)=-0.01\mathrm{}\pm 0.14$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1925-512)=0.22\mathrm{}\pm 0.08$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1925-512)=0.24\mathrm{}\pm 0.08$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(1988-512)=0.24\mathrm{}\pm 0.13$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(1988-512)=0.30\mathrm{}\pm 0.13$; $A_{22}\mathrm{}(2112-512)=0.44\mathrm{}\pm 0.15$, $A_{44}\mathrm{}(2112-512)=1.60\mathrm{}\pm 0.50$; where the directional-correlation function is given by $W\left(\theta \right)=1+A_{22}{P}_2\left(cos\theta \right)+A_{44}{P}_4\left(cos\theta \right)$. The following $\frac{E2\mathrm{}}{M1\mathrm{}}$ multipole mixing ratios were determined: $-53\mathrm{}\le \delta \mathrm{}\left(616\right)\mathrm{}\le -15\mathrm{}$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1061\right)=1.20\mathrm{}\pm 0.15$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(1113\right)\mathrm{}\sim -1.5\mathrm{}$, $1.9\le \delta \mathrm{}\left(1925\right)\mathrm{}\le 3.5$, and $1.5\le \delta \mathrm{}\left(1988\right)\mathrm{}\le 4$. The levels at 2189, 2241, 2437, and 2500 KeV are each assigned a spin of 2 on the grounds of four observed 2 → 2 → 0 correlations, and levels at 1704, 2278, 2306, and 2624 keV are each assigned a spin of 0 on the grounds of five observed 0 → 2 → 0 correlations. The levels from this and previous work are compared with those calculated with the vibrational model of Ferreira and his co-workers up through the four-phonon energy region.

A study of the levels of ${}_{}{}^{187}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Os}$ below 1500 keV excitation has been made with the ($d,t$) reaction. The states observed have been explained in terms of the unified model. The ${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}\mathrm{}\left[510\right]\mathrm{}$ and ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}\mathrm{}\left[512\right]\mathrm{}$ bands have been fitted with strong coriolis coupling. The $K-2\mathrm{}\gamma$ vibration built on the ground state has been observed. Tentative observation is made of the $K+2\mathrm{}\gamma$ vibration on the ground state and the $K-2\mathrm{}$ and $K+2\mathrm{}\gamma$ vibration built on the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}\mathrm{}\left[512\right]\mathrm{}$ band. Members of the ${\frac{7}{2}}^{-}\mathrm{}\left[503\right]\mathrm{}$, ${\frac{11}{2}}^{+}\mathrm{}\left[615\right]\mathrm{}$, and ${\frac{7}{2}}^{-}\mathrm{}\left[514\right]\mathrm{}$ bands are identified.

We comment on currently used $\beta$-decay formulas in astrophysical and superheavy-element applications. A new formula of comparable simplicity but significantly improved accuracy is presented which predicts $\beta$-decay rates that increase more strongly with energy than do conventional extrapolations in the neutron-rich superheavy-element region.

New spin-parity and isospin assignments in ${}_{}{}^{26}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$ allow additional states to be placed in previously proposed rotational bands. Two new rotational bands are suggested with $K^{\pi }=0^{+}$ and $K^{\pi }=2^{+}$.

Using a local $K$-nucleus optical potential, we calculated x-ray energy-level shifts and widths and relative x-ray transition yields for kaonic atoms throughout the Periodic Table. We made a detailed study of the determination of the nuclear density parameters from level-shift and width data.

It is shown that the observed features of the anomalous parity states in $g_{\frac{9}{2}}$-shell odd-mass nuclei can be qualitatively explained if core-quasiparticle coupling interactions of the type $-\lambda {\overrightarrow{\mathrm{J}}}_c·{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{j}}}_{\mathrm{qp}}$ and $-\chi {\overrightarrow{\mathrm{Q}}}_c·{\overrightarrow{\mathrm{Q}}}_{\mathrm{qp}}$ are taken into account.

The neutron width of the unbound 5.46-MeV state in ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and its strength in the ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{}(d,p)\mathrm{}{}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ reaction are consistent only with $J^{\pi }={\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$.