The inelastic scattering of 162-MeV pions was studied over the angular range 35° to 100° in the laboratory system and the data were analyzed with a model that incorporates shell-model wave functions into a distorted-wave impulse approximation formalism. Reduced transition probabilities were obtained for low-lying levels and compared with information previously reported. In addition, evidence is obtained for theoretically predicted levels with high spin that have not been observed previously.

We derive the general charge symmetry breaking interactions for np scattering for arbitrary mesons exchanges defined in terms of the five relativistic invariants and isospin operators. In the presence of the isospin, the much used Gordon decomposition is modified to include two extra terms. In addition to the isovector mesons and the photon exchanges included earlier, we also consider the effect of ω and σ exchanges. Together these contribute about as much as the ρ meson which in turn is much less than the dominant one-pion exchange, γ, and ρω mixing effects. The $A_1$ meson is negligible. The observables ΔA=$A_n$-$A_p$ and Δ$A_{\mathrm{ks}}$=$A_{00\mathrm{ks}}$-$A_{00\mathrm{sk}}$ are calculated. The ΔA observable shows great sensitivity to the meson-nucleon form factors. The spin correlation asymmetry Δ$A_{\mathrm{ks}}$ is rather structureless.

Systematics of Dirac impulse approximation predictions for cross sections and spin observables in elastic proton scattering by ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$, ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$, and ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ at energies of 200, 500, and 800 MeV are presented. The analysis is based on an optical potential constructed from complete sets of Lorentz-invariant NN amplitudes. The NN amplitudes are determined from a relativistic meson exchange model of the nuclear force. Comparisons are made with the original form of the Dirac impulse approximation, which is based on five Fermi terms to represent the NN interaction, and with the Schrödinger form of the impulse approximation. For the Dirac analyses, there is implicit coupling to virtual nucleon-antinucleon states. In order to illustrate these contributions, the Dirac equation is recast in the form of the Schrödinger equation and the resulting Schrödinger potentials are separated into ‘‘no-pair’’ and virtual-pair parts. The resulting virtual-pair part of the central potential is typically 25 MeV at the center of the nucleus for 200–800 MeV protons. A reasonable description of the experimental data is obtained over a broad energy range and over a wide variation of nuclear size when the analysis is based on complete sets of Lorentz-invariant amplitudes.

Dirac impulse approximation predictions for cross sections and spin observables in elastic proton scattering by ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ and ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ at energies of 200, 500, and 800 MeV are presented. The analysis is based on complete sets of Lorentz-invariant NN amplitudes determined from a meson-exchange model of the nuclear force. Effects of relativistic nuclear densities are explored including estimates of the vacuum polarization corrections based on quantum hadrodynamics. Effects of Pauli blocking are considered using the approximations of Murdock and Horowitz. A good description of the experimental data is obtained over a broad energy range and over a wide variation of nuclear size based on the generalized impulse approximation. Vacuum polarization corrections are found to enhance the agreement between theory and experiment.

The tensor analyzing power $T_{20}$ and the composite observable ${\tau }_{21}$≡$T_{21}$+(1/2($T_{22}$ +$T_{20}$/√6 ) were measured at incident pion energies of 256 and 294 MeV, in an angular range between 90° and 172°, using a tensor-polarized deuteron target. The experimental procedure and data analysis techniques are discussed extensively. Comparisons are made with predictions from different three-body theories.

The composite spin observable ${\tau }_{22}$≡($T_{22}$+$T_{20}$/ √6 ) has been measured at five incident pion energies between 134 and 294 MeV, in an angular range between 90° and 170°, using a tensor-polarized deuterium target. New, accurate data for the vector analyzing power ${\mathrm{iT}}_{11}$ were obtained at the same time. In combination with the results reported in part I of this series, our measurements allow us to determine the three analyzing powers $T_{20}$, $T_{21}$, and $T_{22}$, separately, and compare them with existing theoretical calculations, all of which fail, in one way or another, to reproduce the entire data set.

In order to evaluate the influence on the pion-deuteron breakup process due to short-range ΔN interaction which was previously determined through its effects on the elastic scattering observables, we calculate the contributions to the helicity amplitudes for the process πd→ΔN due to the ΔN short-range interaction in the final state.

${}_{}{}^{73}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$ implanted into iron has been oriented at low temperatures. From the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency f=102.59(4) MHz and the integral orientation pattern I=(9/2 and ‖μ‖=0.87(5) have been deduced for the ground state. Multipole mixing parameters and reduced transition probabilities in ${}_{}{}^{73}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{As}$ are also evaluated.

A large number of β-γ circular polarization experiments have been performed to obtain the asymmetry coefficient à for the ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}$V${\to }^{48}$Ti decay. The Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio y can be deduced from such measurements, and is important since the time-reversal violating amplitude is proportional to y/(1+$y^2$). Unfortunately, owing to the scatter in the experimentally deduced value of y, nothing can be said about the time-reversal property of this decay. Our theoretical calculation using the Nilsson model yields values of y consistent with four of the more recent experiments and also consistent with time-reversal invariance.

The T=0 states of ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ are investigated in complete Nħω shell-model spaces with 3≤N≤10 using a realistic two-body interaction based on the Sussex matrix elements. It is found that it is possible to describe the ground-state properties and the T=0 excited spectrum of this nucleus in a consistent manner provided the model space is enlarged up to 10ħω of oscillator excitation. In particular, the lowest $1^{\mathrm{-}}$ state appears in our 10ħω spectrum with an excitation energy comparable to the energy of 24.1 MeV favored by recent experimental investigations of the reaction ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}(\mathit{d}$,p${)}^3$H. Moreover, the D-state admixture of the large-basis ground-state wave function amounts to 4.7%, in fair agreement with the value deduced from recent analyzing power measurements of the reaction ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}(\mathit{d}$,γ${)}^4$He.

Within the context of three-body (alpha particle plus two nucleons) models of ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$, the ground-state longitudinal (C0,C2) and transverse (M1) electromagnetic form factors of the ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ nucleus are calculated. In the zero-momentum-transfer limit of the C0 and M1 form factors, the charge radius and the magnetic moment of ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ are extracted, respectively. An attempt is made to extract the ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ electric-quadrupole moment from the threshold behavior of the C2 form factor. By projecting the alpha-deuteron component from the three-body wave function, the contribution and role of this part of the wave function is ascertained for the elastic form factors. The Pauli exclusion principle between the alpha particle and either nucleon is found to be responsible for the minima in the form factors. With the exception of the quadrupole (only for high q values) form factor, the particular representation of the Pauli repulsion between the alpha-particle and nucleon in the $S_{1/2}$ partial wave of the interaction is unimportant. The presence of the nucleon-nucleon tensor force suppresses the values of the form factors at high q.

Projection formulas from the interacting boson model-2 to the interacting boson model-1 are given for a rather general class of operators and numerical tests of these formulas were carried out with the corresponding codes. Agreement of energies and B(E2) values of the interacting boson model-2 calculations with those of the interacting boson model-1 calculations, where the interacting boson model-1 parameters are yielded with the projection formulas, to better than 0.1% was found for sufficiently large values of the Majorana parameter.

The Fermi gas model is widely used in calculating nuclear level densities. With the use of modern computers, calculations can be made including both pairing and shell effects. Despite these improvements, there are indications that the model fails to properly predict the parity ratio even in situations where the level density itself is correctly described. A detailed examination of the discrepancies for some specific systems is presented.

We calculate the charge form factors and the rms charge radii of ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ using the wave functions generated from the solutions of the Faddeev equations in momentum space with the new Bonn one-boson-exchange momentum space potential. For the charge radii, we obtain, $r_c$${(}^3$H)=1.72 fm and $r_c$${(}^3$He)=1.89 fm, which are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. However, our results for the trinucleon charge form factors in the impulse approximation indicate no improvement with regard to the experimental situation.

The α${+}^{40}$Ca system is investigated in the framework of the folding model using the Hasegawa-Nagata-Yamamoto effective two-body force. It is shown that the folding potential which can bind not only the higher nodal band with the α${+}^{40}$Ca cluster structure but also the ground-state band can describe well α${+}^{40}$Ca scattering in a wide energy range of $E_{\alpha }$=18–100 MeV. A critique of the α-cluster theory of ${}_{}{}^{44}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ti}$ using an effective interaction which cannot bind the ground-state band is given.

The lifetimes of the lowest $2^{+}$ and $4^{+}$ levels can distinguish between the O(6) and U(5) dynamical symmetries of the interacting boson model. The data for the A=130 nuclei confirm the proposed O(6) character of these nuclei.

We show the renormalizability of a Lagrangian of nucleons and pions interacting via a pseudoscalar coupling in the presence of a medium. We extend the proof to the effective Lagrangian obtained from the previous one through the functional integration over the fermionic fields. Notably in the latter case the renormalization takes place within each order of the corresponding loop expansion. This result is of significance in view of the connection between the loop expansion and the conventional many-body approximation methods.

The ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ spectrum is investigated with microscopic wave functions defined in the generator-coordinate formalism. This nucleus is described in a three-cluster model, involving an ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ core surrounded by a dineutron and an α particle. The ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ cluster is projected out on the $0^{+}$ and $2^{+}$ states. We propose a band structure of ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ with experimental candidates. The model suggests the existence of a $0^{+}$ band presenting a marked α${+}^{18}$O cluster structure. We present the α${+}^{18}$O${(0\mathrm{}}^{+}$,$2^{+}$) collision matrices, and discuss the resonance properties in the ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}(\mathit{\alpha }$,α${)}^{18}$O scattering. Electromagnetic transition probabilities in the ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ nucleus are calculated. From the theoretical Coulomb shifts between the mirror ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ne}$ and ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ nuclei, we suggest spin assignments for different ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$ states. The ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}(\mathit{\alpha }$,γ${)}^{22}$Ne capture cross section is calculated, and is used for determining microscopically the nonresonant reaction rate.

We calculate the particle-particle and hole-hole ring diagrams of nuclear matter to all orders using the Bonn and $V_{14}$ nucleon-nucleon potentials. Comparing with the results obtained from the lowest-order Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations of nuclear matter, these ring diagrams have the effect of both increasing the binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) and decreasing the saturation momentum ($k_F$). Our calculated values for BE/A in MeV and $k_F$ in ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$ for the $V_{14}$ potential are (16.8, 1.45), and for the Bonn potential (17.5, 1.57). The effect of the ring diagrams is found to be more important for the $V_{14}$ potential than for the Bonn potential. The choice of the model space and the resulting single-particle potential for particles above the Fermi sea are discussed.

A nucleon-nucleon interaction for the ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}_1^{}{}_{}{}^{}$${\mathrm{-}}^3$${\mathrm{D}}_1$ state consisting of a local part plus a nonlocal separable tensor contribution of the form λg(r)g(r’)$S_{12}$ is presented. The nonlocal part is repulsive and short ranged in agreement with the quark-exchange model. Ten potentials with ten different values of λ are considered.