The coincidence cross section of the electron induced two-body breakup reaction ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$(e,e’p)d is studied at various kinematic configurations. Nucleonic final-state interactions are treated exactly by solving the Faddeev equations for the relevant scattering states. The essential kinematic parameter in analyzing the results for the various kinematic regions is the missing momentum of the struck nucleon. At missing momenta below 250 MeV/c the s-wave analysis gives an adequate description of the experimental data. At missing momenta beyond 350 MeV/c a pure s-wave analysis is not sufficient. Contributions from the d-state components in the trinucleon wave functions to the disconnected graphs are considered.

Cross sections for 180° deuteron electrodisintegration have been measured near threshold for the ${\mathit{Q}}^2$ range 1.21 to 2.77 (GeV/c${)}^2$. The data are compared to several nonrelativistic meson-nucleon and hybrid quark-hadron models. The data are in strong disagreement with the impulse approximation, indicating the importance of non-nucleonic degrees of freedom. None of the models are in good agreement with the data at all values of ${\mathit{Q}}^2$. The ratio ${\mathit{W}}_1$/${\mathit{W}}_2$ of inelastic structure functions has been extracted using previous forward angle data and is found to decrease strongly near threshold, also indicating the importance of interaction effects.

Light charged fragments from the reaction ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$${+}^{51}$V at 35–85 MeV/nucleon in 10 MeV/nucleon steps have been measured with a 4π detector. The observed transverse collective momentum in central collisions decreases monotonically from 45 to 85 MeV/nucleon. The data are interpreted assuming that the attractive mean-field deflects the fragments to negative scattering angles. As the beam energy is raised, the attractive scattering is opposed by the buildup of compressed nuclear matter. A lower limit of 76 MeV/nucleon is placed on the beam energy where the attractive deflection is balanced by the repulsive side-splash mechanism. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and it is demonstrated the predictions are sensitive to two aspects of nuclear matter physics: the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and the nuclear compressibility.

Azimuthal correlations between coincident fission fragments and α particles were measured for the reactions ${}_{}{}^{36}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$${+}^{238}$U at E/A=20 and 35 MeV and ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$${+}^{238}$U at E/A=50 MeV. At all energies, coplanar emission is enhanced. The azimuthal distributions for fission fragments and α particles are decoupled using a simple parametrization. Both azimuthal distributions are highly anisotropic at lower incident energies; these anisotropies decrease with energy. At the highest incident energies, energetic α particles emitted at large transverse momenta appear to be more suited than fission fragments to tag the orientation of the entrance channel reaction plane.

A very high spin isomeric state with ${\mathrm{\tau }}_{\mathit{m}}$=34(3) μs has been observed at an excitation energy of 8.5 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{212}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$. The experimental evidence favors an E3 assignment, with a very large E3 transition strength, B(E3)=100(12)×${10}^3$ ${\mathit{e}}^2$${\mathrm{fm}}^6$, to one of the γ rays de-exciting the isomer. The observed properties are in very good agreement with the characteristics of a ${34}^{+}$ state predicted by the multiparticle octupole vibration model.

New cross section and analyzing power data are presented for elastic and inelastic scattering of 200 MeV protons from ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$. The elastic data are well described by a standard, spherical, 12-parameter phenomenological Woods-Saxon (WS) optical potential. Microscopic folding-model optical potentials, obtained by convoluting free and Pauli-corrected effective nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions with ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ ground-state densities constrained by electromagnetic data, produce satisfactory descriptions of the elastic data. The effects of the spin-spin optical potential, estimated via the distorted wave approximation (DWA), are small but not negligible. The inelastic transitions leading to the $3^{+}$,T=0 state at 2.18 MeV and the $0^{+}$,T=1 state at 3.56 MeV are also examined within the framework of the microscopic folding model using the DWA. Transition potentials are generated by convoluting the two effective NN interactions considered with target transition densities constrained by weak and electromagnetic data. These are employed in DWA calculations using both folded optical potentials consistent with the transition potentials and the WS optical potential. The self-consistent calculation with the Pauli-corrected interaction provides a good description of the data for the $3^{+}$ excitation. The results for the $0^{+}$ excitation provide a clear indication that shell model configurations outside the p shell are important for a complete description of this transition.

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for scattering of 180 MeV protons by ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ have been measured for all narrow states below 12.1 MeV of excitation. Medium modifications to the effective interaction for normal-parity isoscalar transitions were studied using transition densities determined by electron scattering to minimize nuclear structure uncertainties. An empirical effective interaction, guided by nuclear matter theory, was fitted to inelastic scattering data for six states simultaneously. Distorted waves were generated from self-consistent optical potentials computed from the same effective interaction. The isoscalar effective interaction determined by this procedure provides a good global fit to the inelastic scattering data and is consistent with elastic scattering data that were not included in the fit. The results are consistent with earlier results for 135 MeV and show that the effective interaction is suppressed at low density but is less density dependent than predicted by nuclear matter theory and the local density approximation. These comparisons suggest effects in finite nuclei beyond the local density approximation. Finally, we compare data for $0^{\mathrm{-}}$ and $2^{\mathrm{-}}$ states at both 135 and 180 MeV with representative calculations.

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for the scattering of 180 MeV protons have been measured for 14 states of ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ for momentum transfers between about 0.4 and 2.1 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$. Medium modifications to the effective interaction for normal-parity isoscalar transitions were studied using transition densities fitted to electroexcitation data to minimize uncertainties due to nuclear structure. An empirical effective interaction, guided by nuclear matter theory, was fitted to inelastic scattering data for five states of ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ using self-consistent distorted waves. A good fit to the inelastic scattering data was achieved with an interaction similar to previous results for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$. The elastic data, which were not fitted, are also described well. In addition, we tested for mass dependence in the empirical effective interaction by repeating the analysis using data for both ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ simultaneously. This global analysis produced an interaction intermediate between the two independent results without compromising the fit to either data set. Therefore, the effective interaction in finite nuclei appears to depend strongly upon local density but only weakly upon target.

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers for low-lying states of ${}_{}{}^{30}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ have been measured using 180 MeV protons. The data were analyzed using an empirical effective interaction previously fitted to inelastic scattering data for ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ at the same energy. Proton transition densities for the $2_1^{+}$, $2_2^{+}$, $3_1^{\mathrm{-}}$, and $4_2^{+}$ states were fitted to the available electron scattering data. Neutron transition densities for these states were then extracted from the proton scattering data. The fitted matrix elements ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{n}}$/${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{p}}$ agree well with lifetime data for the A=30 T=1 multiplet. Results for the positive-parity states are also compared with shell-model calculations. We find that neutron densities for the $2_2^{+}$ and $4_2^{+}$ states are considerably stronger than predicted. We also find ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{n}}$/${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{p}}$=1.3±0.1 for the $3_1^{\mathrm{-}}$ state and that the neutron form factor is consistent with a dominant 2${\mathit{s}}_{1/2}$→1${\mathit{f}}_{7/2}$ transition.

Two different approaches for solving three-nucleon scattering are compared. The one relies on separable subsystem interactions, while the other one can use any two-nucleon potential and solves the three-body integral equations directly. Both approaches are tested in the case of a finite-rank expansion of the Paris N-N potential (the so-called PEST) and the results are then compared to the predictions calculated straight from the original interaction. By considering cross sections and polarization observables of elastic n-d scattering at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{n}}$=10 MeV, it is found that both methods lead to compatible results. Where appropriate a comparison is also made to experimental data showing a remarkably good agreement between theory and experiment.

We have calculated upper bounds for p-d and d-d fusion rates at octahedral and tetrahedral sites in saturated PdH. Our molecular potentials include Thomas-Fermi screening for two centers and realistic Pd crystal potentials. Accurate numerical techniques were used to solve for radial wave functions down to r=0. From these wave functions we find rates that are considerably enhanced over those for the free molecules, but 10–20 orders of magnitude lower than the claims of early experiments.

Differential-cross-section distributions for the ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$(p,n${)}^7$Be(g.s.+0.43-MeV) reaction have been measured for ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$=80, 120, 160, 200, 494, 644, and 795 MeV. These distributions have been integrated and normalized to independent values for the total cross section obtained from parametrizations of ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$(p,n) activation measurements. Zero-degree cross sections obtained from this normalization are reported.

To resolve the discrepancy between two sets of ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(n,${\gamma }_0$${)}^{13}$C cross-section data, the reaction has been reinvestigated in the neutron energy region between 8 and 11 MeV. The present and previous data sets are compared with each other and with existing data on the ${}_{}{}^{13}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$(γ,${\mathit{n}}_0$${)}^{12}$C cross section using the principle of detailed balance. The present data are in agreement with one of the previous data sets, which has an energy dependence in good agreement with that of the (γ,${\mathit{n}}_0$) data. These (n,${\gamma }_0$) cross-section data are, however, approximately a factor of 2 smaller than the (γ,${\mathit{n}}_0$) cross sections over the entire neutron energy range of the comparison (from 7 to 20 MeV).

Differential cross sections for neutron elastic and inelastic scattering from ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ are reported. Presently measured cross sections are for an incident energy of 7.97 MeV. These differential cross sections, total cross sections from 80 keV to 20 MeV, and other scattering observables are combined into a single coupled-channels analysis that shows the strong coupling between the ground state of ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ and collective excited levels. This analysis shows the role of core collective excitations in an unusual way, through the resonances below 3 MeV scattering energy caused by virtual excitations to closed scattering channels. The same channels are open at an incident neutron energy of 7.97 MeV, and inelastic scattering is studied there to see the correspondence between coupling strengths as manifested in inelastic scattering cross sections as opposed to those manifested in resonance strengths. The main features of the experimental intermediate resonance strength distributions are well represented in the model. Single-particle amplitudes coupled with the ${}_{}{}^{48}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ core states determine the nuclear configurations important in ${}_{}{}^{49}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ at excitation energies near the neutron separation energy.

Inclusive and exclusive differential cross sections have been measured for the (p,pHe) reaction on Be and Ag with 300 MeV protons. Detectors in coplanar geometry were used to measure singles spectra and coincidence spectra between protons and He isotopes. The particle spectra are surprisingly similar between the inclusive and exclusive measurements as well as between the two widely different targets. The proton differential mean multiplicities associated with He emission show significant structure as a function of He emission angles except for the case of low energy emission from Ag. An analysis of the data in terms of rapidity and relativistically invariant cross section is in general agreement with the notion of isotropic emission from a moving source for the He isotopes from both targets. Only in extreme kinematic regions, where events were selected in which momentum in excess of 300 MeV/c was transferred to the target system, did the contours become nonspherical. The mass of the emitting source is shown to be small. The results are consistent with the concept of deexcitation of a small excited source by effective binary breakup leading to fragment emission.

Differential cross sections for electron scattering from ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$ have been measured for excitation energies less than 5.1 MeV over a range of momentum transfer of 0.5 to 3.1 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$. The elastic scattering data are analyzed along with existing electron and muonic atom data to provide an improved description of the ground-state charge distribution. The inelastic scattering data have been analyzed to extract electromagnetic transition densities. These densities are interpreted in terms of the underlying nuclear structure.

Recoil range distributions for the ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$${+}^{59}$Co radioactive reaction products were measured with the differential recoil-range method at 90, 150, and 200-MeV bombarding energies. Mean recoil velocities and second moments of recoil-velocity distributions were determined for 16 residual nuclei. The second moment is an increasing function of the mass difference ΔA between the compound nucleus and residual nucleus; it may be explained by a statistical particle evaporation from a hot, intermediate reaction product. The mean recoil velocity for heavier residual nuclei is an increasing function of ΔA. For lighter products the mean velocity saturates at a common level, independent of the mass difference and bombarding energy. The saturation is associated with slowly rising excitation energy in the most central ${}_{}{}^4{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$${+}^{59}$Co collisions. Complete fusion ceases to be the dominating reaction mechanism for bombarding energies larger than about 30 MeV/nucleon.

A practical, numerically stable procedure for a more accurate treatment of the Coulomb interaction in momentum space calculations of proton elastic scattering is presented. The accuracy of the method is compared with other prescriptions in use in the literature and is shown to produce accurate calculations of scattering observables.

The inelastic scattering of 375 MeV ${}_{}{}^{17}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ projectiles was used to study the giant resonance region in ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$. The energy, width, and strength of the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) were extracted from singles spectra and fission probabilities were deduced from singles and coincidence data. Angular correlations between fission fragments and inelastically scattered particles were measured to search for evidence of K conservation in the fission decay of the GQR.

Several rotational bands have been established in the N=77 ${}_{}{}^{135}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ce}$ nucleus following the ${}_{}{}^{122}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$${(}^{18}$O,5nγ) reaction. At low spins, the yrast band, built on an orbital from the top of the ν${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ shell, exhibits a large signature splitting of ∼300 keV implying a significant deviation from axial symmetry (γ≪0°). At higher spins, three ΔI=1 bands were established. Two of these bands are built on prolate (γ∼0°) mixed neutron-proton configurations as systematically observed in several N=75 isotones. The third of these bands shows properties similar to those observed for collectively rotating (γ∼-60°) mixed neutron-proton configurations as recently reported in nearby odd-Z, doubly odd, and even-even nuclei. The present study represents the first observation of such a band in an odd-N nucleus. In addition, two decoupled ΔI=2 bands, built on oblate three-quasineutron configurations, were observed.