The neutron deficient Sr and Zr nuclei are studied in the relativistic mean-field approach. Large deformations and shape coexistence are predicted for these nuclei in the vicinity of the proton drip line. The charge radii are found to increase with the removal of neutrons from the semimagic ${}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$ and ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, in close agreement with the recent isotopic-shift measurements.

A signature ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{d}}^{\mathit{y}}$ of isoscalar spin-transfer strength has been tested in the inelastic scattering of 400 MeV dueterons from ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$. It was then applied to the study of ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ over an angular range from 3° to 7° (momentum transfer range from 0.26 to 0.8 ${\mathrm{fm}}^{\mathrm{-}1}$) and an excitation energy range from 6.25 to 42 MeV. This is the first study of isoscalar spin strength in the continuum. Spin excitations were found in the 9 MeV region, and over a broad range in the continuum with a cluster strength around 15 MeV. The results are compared with spin-flip probability measurements in proton scattering. In contrast to the total relative spin response, which is strongly enhanced at high excitation, the isoscalar relative spin response is roughly consistent with noninteracting Fermi gas values.

The existing n${\mathrm{-}}^{208}$Pb elastic differential cross section, analyzing power, and total cross-section data in the energy range from 4 to 30 MeV were analyzed via a phase-shift analysis in order to find out how well these data are suited for dispersion relation based mean-field studies. It was found that the data can be well described by the phase-shift method and that overlapping resonances are likely to be responsible for deviations between the data and the fits obtained in recent optical-model analyses using the dispersion relation approach.

A modified Glauber model II for heavy-ion elastic scattering is presented by taking into account the deflection effect of the trajectory due to the real nuclear potential in addition to the Coulomb effect in the modified Glauber model I. It has been applied satisfactorily to the elastic scattering reactions ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$${+}^{12}$C and ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$${+}^{28}$Si at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=1503 MeV.

Double differential cross sections have been calculated for (p,p’) reactions on ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}_{}{}^{100}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$, and ${}_{}{}^{197}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Au}$ targets at incident proton energies of 100, 120, 150, 175, and 200 MeV using the multistep direct nuclear reaction code of Bonetti and Chiesa, which is based on the statistical multistep direct theory of Feshbach, Kerman, and Koonin. Extensive comparisons are made with experimental data, and in general it is found that the theory gives a good description of the angular distributions. There is evidence that the predicted cross sections deviate more from experiment at very low and very high excitation energies of the residual nucleus. The effects of uncertainties in the input parameters of the theory are also considered, as well as possible ways to improve the accuracy of the implementation of the theory.

Inclusive quasielastic and inelastic scattering from nuclei and nuclear matter is analyzed within the plane wave impulse approximation. Theoretical results obtained using model spectral functions including the effects from nucleon-nucleon correlations are presented and compared with results obtained with realistic many-body model spectral functions for ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ and nuclear matter. The sensitivity of quasielastic and inelastic nuclear structure functions to different prescriptions for the off-shell behavior of nucleons is investigated in both the x<1 and x>1 kinematic regions. Results indicate that the inelastic scattering in the x>1 region will only be important at momentum transfers above 8 (GeV/c${)}^2$.

The effects of including isospin in proton-induced reactions have been previously discussed. The effects are most important for heavy nuclei, where a substantial enhancement in proton decay of the compound nucleus is predicted. A comparable study for neutrons and alpha particles shows effects which are largest for light nuclei. The most important consequences are an enhancement in alpha decay and a slight reduction in proton and neutron decay, with some effects persisting for higher stages of multistep reactions.

We calculate the hydrodynamical expansion of a hot nucleus. The results indicate that at breakup the excited nuclear system emits its surface region with a relatively high kinetic energy.

In the Walecka model, the antilambda mass in dense nuclear matter is smaller than its value in free space. This reduces the threshold for antilambda production in dense matter that forms in the compression stage of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Because of the large number of mesons produced in the collision, the process KM→Λ¯N, where M denotes either a pion or a rho meson, is shown to be important and provides a plausible explanation for the observed enhancement of antilambda yield in recent experiments carried out at CERN SPS with nuclear beams.

The spin-dependent forces, which can arise from either nonperturbative instanton effects or perturbative color magnetic interactions, cause the difference between u-quark and d-quark spatial distributions inside the nucleon. Considering this SU(6) symmetry-breaking effect, the elastic electromagnetic nucleon form factors and static magnetic moments of octet baryons can be well reproduced in the center-of-mass (c.m.) bag model. The same spin force effects on the deep inelastic polarized structure functions are also discussed.

We present cross section estimates and describe possible experiments for the production of the doubly strange six quark H dibaryon in the two-body reactions ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{\mathrm{-}}$+p→${\mathrm{\pi }}^0$+H,${\mathrm{\rho }}^0$+H, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{\mathrm{-}}$+p→${\mathit{K}}^0$+H,${\mathit{K}}^{0\mathrm{*}}$+H, and Λ+p→${\mathit{K}}^{+}$+H,${\mathit{K}}^{\mathrm{*}+}$+H, in the energy region from 1 to 20 GeV. We also consider the semi-inclusive process ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{\mathrm{-}}$+p→H+p¯+X in the region of a few hundred GeV/c, and two step processes induced by pion and kaon beams in the 2–6 GeV/c range.

The branching ratio for radiative muon capture (RMC), relative to the nonradiative process, is sensitive to ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{p}}$, the induced pseudoscalar coupling constant of the weak hadronic current. The photon energy spectra from RMC on ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$, ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$, ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$, ${}_{}{}^{\mathrm{nat}}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$, ${}_{}{}^{\mathrm{nat}}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sn}$, and ${}_{}{}^{\mathrm{nat}}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ have been measured using a high-acceptance pair spectrometer. The measured partial branching ratios, ${\mathit{R}}_{\gamma }$, for photons of ${\mathit{E}}_{\gamma }$>57 MeV are 1.43±0.13, 1.93±0.18, 2.09±0.19, 1.11±0.11, 0.98±0.09, and 0.60±0.07 respectively, in units of ${10}^{\mathrm{-}5}$. The results confirm the previously observed suppression of ${\mathit{R}}_{\gamma }$ with increasing Z for Z>20. For ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ the present result is in good agreement with previous measurements. For the heavier nuclei, the results are compared with two recent calculations performed in the Fermi-gas model. In one case the data indicate a complete quenching of ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{p}}$, but the more recent calculation does not reproduce the data for any value of ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{p}}$.

A careful analysis of exact symmetries, such as the charge conjugation symmetry and the electromagnetic and baryon current conservation, shows that exactly two nontrivial Feynman diagrams contribute to deep-inelastic inclusive pion electroproduction from the nucleon to O(${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{\pi }\mathit{N}\mathit{N}}^2$). The same analysis reveals certain relationships between the two graphs. The two graphs are expressed as convolutions of the pion [${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{\pi }}$(y)] and the nucleon [${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{N}}$(y)] smearing functions and their respective deep-inelastic structure functions. The nucleon smearing functions are evaluated in three models of the nucleon off-shell dependence of the πNN vertex function and they turn out to have remarkably similar shapes. It is shown that this universality of ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{N}}$(y) persists in a wide class of models. Such universal ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{N}}$(y) peaks at ${\mathit{y}}_0$=1-${\mathit{m}}_{\mathrm{\pi }}$/${\mathit{M}}_{\mathit{N}}$=0.85 and allows a simple parton model interpretation. Furthermore, the normalized smearing functions approximately satisfy the Berger-Coester-Wiringa-Thomas ansatz ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{\pi }}$(y)=${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{N}}$(1-y) for two of the three models examined. Strong constraints on the nucleon off-shell dependence of the πNN vertex function [${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{\pi }\mathit{N}\mathit{N}}$(${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{N}}^2$)] are obtained using the observed Gottfried sum rule violation as empirical input.

The direct beta-decay branch linking ${}_{}{}^{180}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Hf}_{}^{\mathit{m}}{}_{}{}^{}$ (${\mathit{t}}_{1/2}$=5.5 h) to ${}_{}{}^{180}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}_{}^{\mathit{m}}{}_{}{}^{}$ has been measured to be ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathrm{\beta }}$=(0.29±0.05±0.06)%. The relevance of this decay for the nucleosynthesis of ${}_{}{}^{180}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ta}_{}^{\mathit{m}}{}_{}{}^{}$ is discussed.

The half-life of ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ was reinvestigated by measuring the time-dependent yields of several nuclear γ-ray lines over a period of 38 days. These yields were added and normalized to that of one internal standard, and a value of 6.075±0.010 d was deduced.

Superimposed on the continuous inner-bremsstrahlung spectrum of ${}_{}{}^{55}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$, we observe a weak γ-ray line at an energy of 126.0 keV. The intensity of this line with respect to the inner-bremsstrahlung spectrum does not change with time. We interpret this γ-ray line to be produced by the second-forbidden nonunique decay of ${}_{}{}^{55}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ to the first excited state of ${}_{}{}^{55}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mn}$ with a branching of (1.3±0.1)×${10}^{\mathrm{-}7}$%.

It has been found that the fraction of the reaction cross section diverted to complete fusion of light heavy ions is strongly correlated to the nucleon (cluster) separation energy of the participants. The presence of weakly bound nuclei hinder the fusion cross section indicating that they do not survive the collision long enough in order to contribute significantly to the fusion process. Model calculations support this picture. The ${}_{}{}^{38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ compound nucleus populated by entrance channels with different mass asymmetries, i.e., ${}_{}{}^9{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$${+}^{29}$Si, ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$${+}^{27}$Al, ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$${+}^{26}$Mg, and ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$${+}^{19}$F, has been investigated, supporting the mentioned correlation. Consequence of this effect in the fusion cross section of exotic nuclei is discussed.

Nuclear matter is investigated in the relativistic Hartree approximation to a nonlocal σ-ω model containing short distance vertex form factors to simulate an underlying QCD substructure. At the Hartree level only the nucleon momentum dependence of the distributed vertex enters and the resulting finite nonlocal field theory model is solved in Euclidean metric with simple Gaussian forms for the so-called sideways form factors. To reproduce saturated nuclear matter the nonlocal model selects form-factor ranges at the nucleon mass scale.