Definitive measurements of negative 〈${\mathit{p}}_{\mathit{L}}$〉 in the projectile rest frame are carried out for isotopes produced by fragmentation of relativistic ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ and ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus projectiles. They are analyzed for the evidence of the dominant two-step diffractive excitation processes during the fragmentation. Average energies in the range of 100 MeV or less are explored and the decays of the excited states with lifetimes longer than ${10}^{\mathrm{-}21}$ s are investigated.

The slopes of the noninvariant center-of-mass energy spectrum of negative pions in inelastic collisions of d, α, C nuclei with C and Ta targets at 4.2A GeV/c are studied. The temperatures of the negative pion are obtained using the Boltzmann distribution. The two-temperature shape of c.m. energy spectra is observed. The values of temperature do not depend significantly both on collision ‘‘centrality’’ and on atomic weight of the projectile nuclei. The experimental results are compared with the quark-gluon string model. The influence of resonances and directly produced pions on temperature values is studied.

The self-energies of quasinucleon states in nuclear matter are studied using QCD sum-rule methods. A correlator of nucleon interpolating fields, evaluated in the finite-density ground state, is calculated using both an operator product expansion and a dispersion relation with a spectral ansatz. This approach relates the nucleon spectral properties (such as the quasinucleon self-energies) to matrix elements of QCD composite operators (condensates). With increasing nucleon density, large changes in Lorentz scalar and vector self-energies arise naturally; the self-energies are found to be comparable to those suggested by relativistic nuclear physics phenomenology. The most important phenomenological inputs are the baryon density and the value of the nucleon σ term divided by the average current mass of the light quarks. However, the successful comparison to relativistic phenomenology is sensitive to assumptions made about the density dependence of certain four-quark condensates.

By means of the real-time Green’s functions method with a pair cutoff approximation up to the second order, the thermal fluctuation effects of meson fields on quantum hadrodynamics are investigated. We find that the fluctuation effects of saturation energy, effective mass of nucleon, and the pressure are considerable in low baryon density regions and/or high temperature regions. The results given by pair cutoff theory and by mean field theory are compared.

The two-neutrino double beta decay of ${}_{}{}^{82}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Se}$ has been measured during a 20 244 h run resulting in a half-life of 1.${08}_{\mathrm{-}0.06}^{+0.26\mathrm{}}$×${10}^{20}$ years (68% C.L.). No candidate events for the zero-neutrino double beta decay during 21 924 h results in a half-life limit of 2.7×${10}^{22}$ years at the 68% confidence level.

Cross sections for the production of the target residues in the interaction of indium with 42 MeV/nucleon ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ ions have been measured by nuclear chemistry techniques. From these data, the mass yield distribution was deduced. The results are in good agreement with the calculations using a Monte Carlo code based on the statistical binary decay model.

The parity nonconserving longitudinal analyzing power P was measured for the ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{n}}$=0.88 eV neutron resonance in ${}_{}{}^{81}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Br}$. The value of P=+1.77±0.33 %; the sign is determined relative to the 0.73-eV resonance in ${}_{}{}^{139}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{La}$.

The ratio of electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) photodecay amplitudes for the Δ(1232) is determined. This extraction is based on direct multipole analyses of the existing database for the pion photoproduction reaction. Our values are in qualitative agreement with the results of Davidson, Mukhopadhyay, and Wittman. We compare and contrast our results with other recent determinations of this ratio.

Effects of the wobbling motion on the signature splitting in triaxial odd-A nuclei are studied analytically and numerically by means of the quasiparticle-vibration coupling model that is an extension of the cranking model. The signature inversion in negative-gamma three-quasiparticle bands is shown to be driven by the rotational K mixing in the wobbling mode.

We examine the effect of the spatial correlation between the valence neutrons in ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ on the cross section for ${(}^{11}$Li${,}^9$Li) reactions on different targets at 800 MeV/nucleon. The correlation suppresses the nuclear part of the cross section slightly but it strongly enhances the Coulomb part compared to an independent particle description. Agreement with measurement is significantly improved.

We present the results of a calculation of the beta-decay half-lives of several proton-rich even-even nuclei of intermediate mass: ${}_{}{}^{74}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$, ${}_{}{}^{76}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$, ${}_{}{}^{78}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}_{}{}^{80}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}_{}{}^{84}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$, ${}_{}{}^{86}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$, ${}_{}{}^{88}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$, ${}_{}{}^{90}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ru}$, ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pd}$, and ${}_{}{}^{96}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cd}$. The calculation is based upon the random phase approximation with the quasiparticle formalism and takes into account the residual particle-particle interaction.

The contributions of tensor coupling of vector mesons in the relativistic mean field approximation in S. K. Patra and C. R. Prahavot, Phys. Rev. C 44, 2252 (1991), is shown to be incorrect. When these contributions can have sizable effect is also indicated.

The general applicability of a recently proposed method that utilizes optimal auxiliary Hamiltonians in a truncated ideal boson space is discussed. The description of excited states by this method is considered in particular. In a model test calculation a comparison is made to another procedure that utilizes energy-independent effective operators. The latter procedure seems to be superior for the description of excited states. We briefly comment on further prospects for both methods.

In a recent paper, the cross section for nucleon-pair transfer in intermediate-energy collisions between heavy nuclei was overestimated by many orders of magnitude.

In reply to the preceding Comment, we draw attention to a number of relevant aspects of the paper which are not considered in the Comment and are not affected by the criticism put forward.

Angular distributions of vector and tensor analyzing powers, ${\mathit{iT}}_{11}$, ${\mathit{T}}_{20}$, ${\mathit{T}}_{21}$, and ${\mathit{T}}_{22}$, are measured in the reaction ${}_{}{}^2{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{H}$(d,p${)}^3$H at laboratory energies of 30, 50, 70, and 90 keV. A smooth energy dependence is observed in all tensor analyzing powers, whereas the vector analyzing powers show almost no energy dependence. The results are fitted with Legendre polynomials.

The spectral function of a rho meson that is at rest in dense hadronic matter and couples strongly to the pion is studied in the vector dominance model by including the effect of the delta-hole polarization of the pion. With the free rho-meson mass in the Lagrangian, we find that both the rho-meson peak and width increase with increasing nuclear density, and that a low-mass peak appears at invariant mass around three times the pion mass. Including the decreasing density-dependent hadron masses in the Lagrangian as suggested by the scaling law of Brown and Rho, we find instead that the rho peak moves to smaller invariant masses with diminishing strength when the nuclear density increases. The low-mass peak also shifts down with increasing density and becomes more pronounced. The relevance of the rho-meson property in dense matter to delepton production in heavy-ion collisions is discussed.