Relative populations of particle unstable states in ${}_{}{}^{10}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$ were measured for the normal kinematics reactions ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$${+}^{27}$Al and ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$${+}^{197}$Au at E/A=75 MeV, the nearly symmetric reaction ${}_{}{}^{129}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$${+}^{122}$Sn at E/A=31 MeV, and the inverse kinematics reaction ${}_{}{}^{129}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$${+}^{27}$Al at E/A=31 MeV. In all cases, populations of excited states are incompatible with statistical populations of the known excited states of this nucleus. For the ${}_{}{}^{129}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{induced}$ reactions, discrepancies are smaller than for the ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{induced}$ reactions. The overall agreement with statistical calculations is improved by assuming a proposed but not confirmed $3^{+}$ excited state contributing to the group of levels at ${\mathit{E}}^{\mathrm{*}}$=6 MeV.

An analysis that does not require the determination of reaction plane on an event-by-event basis, and involves only azimuthal correlation function of the projectile fragment pairs, has been employed to measure the collective flow of nuclear matter. Using this technique, we study the flow of projectile fragments of charge Z≥2 produced in ${}_{}{}^{197}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Au}$ induced-emulsion reactions at 10.6A GeV. The collective flow is observed to be the most pronounced in semicentral collisions. The results are compared with those of ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Si}$ at 14.5A GeV, ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ at 0.96A GeV, ${}_{}{}^{84}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Kr}$ at 1.52A GeV, and ${}_{}{}^{56}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ at 1.7A GeV.

Band mixing is used to reproduce the collective bands associated with shape coexistence in even-even osmium, platinum, mercury, and lead nuclei. The properties of the unperturbed bands are examined. The dependence of the unperturbed $2^{+}$→$0^{+}$ energies of the prolate intruder bands on ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{\pi }}$${\mathit{N}}_{\nu }$ is similar to that of the unperturbed normal bands if the intruder configurations are assumed to involve 4-proton, 4-hole excitations. The variation is reproducible using a restricted 2-component model of interacting proton and neutron shells.

The break-up of the projectile nucleus in a high-energy heavy-ion collision is considered within a two-step model. In the first step, an excited spectator prefragment of the projectile is formed. In the second step, the prefragment decays by emission of a number of light fragments leaving a residual nucleus whose identity is defined by conservation of total charge. The dependence of the multiplicities of fragments on their charges is calculated assuming that fragment emission is a Poisson random process. Averaging over the spectator charge and excluding very peripheral events, the theory is able to reproduce the experimental data on the fragmentation of gold by silver nuclei.

Algebraic scattering theory is developed and the usual algebraic ‘‘potential parameters’’ are shown to involve a second approximation to that by which the non-Coulombic interactions modify the exact S functions found by Euclidean connections of the SO(3,N) group algebras. Elastic scattering data (cross sections) from heavy ion collisions, typical of most and epitomized by strong absorption, lead to algebraic potential parameters that can be described by simple exponential forms.

Exclusive measurements of light charged products (LCP) in the ${}_{}{}^{132}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Xe}$${+}^{197}$Au collisions at 44 MeV/nucleon have been performed using MEDEA 4π detection system. The admixture of each partricle type into the LCP multiplicity is found to be almost independent of the impact parameter. The data are analyzed with a formalism where the fluctuations of the multiparticle decay are described by uncorrelated Poissonian statistical distributions. The impact parameter filtering is performed using the LCP multiplicity. Self-correlation and impact parameter averagining effects are identified. The dominance of the statistical contribution in the fluctuations of the LCP multiplicity is deduced.

Comparison of giant dipole resonance energies measured in photonuclear reactions and in pion-induced double charge exchange allows determination of the isotensor component of the symmetry energy. Different models for the structure of the giant dipole and different assumptions for the mass dependence of the isotensor energy all produce the same qualitative results, with the isotensor energy about 1% of the isovector energy, and of the same sign.

Two ‘‘phase-shift equivalent’’ local NN potentials with different parametrizations, Reid93 and NijmII, which were found to give nearly identical results for the triton by Friar et al., are shown to yield remarkably similar results for ${}_{}{}^6{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}_{}{}^{14}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{N}$ in a (0+2)ħΩ no-core space shell-model calculation. The results are compared with those for the widely used Hamada-Johnson hard-core and the original Reid soft-core potentials, which have larger deuteron D-state percentages. The strong correlation between the tensor strength and the nuclear binding energy is confirmed. However, many nuclear structure properties seem to be rather insensitive to the details of the NN potential and, therefore, cannot be used to test various NN potentials.

The relativistic Schrödinger equation and the Klein-Gordon equation for an optical potential for pion scattering are investigated in the resonance energy region and at higher energies. Previous calculations showed that the two equations give nearly the same results with the difference decreasing with increasing energy. We find a substantial difference between the two approaches for ${\mathrm{\pi }}^{+}$ on ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ at 180 MeV. This difference persists even at 500 MeV. The difference is partly due to the different off-shell behaviors and partly due to the different propagators used. At small angles in the resonance region, the difference can be understood as an energy shift at which the two-body t matrix is evaluated or as a different range of the two-body interaction.

We discuss the analysis of ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ scattering by Mermaz [Phys. Rev. C 47, 2213 (1993)]. We argue that his results show the ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$ scattering to be more refractive than that of ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$, and indicate various effects that could be responsible.

It is pointed out that the inclusion of residual interactions in the deformed oscillator model modifies the linear energy-weighted sum rule for orbital ${\mathit{l}}^{+}$ excitations in even-even deformed nuclei and increases the ratio of the high-frequency to the low-frequency contribution to the sum rule.

A recent article by us [Phys. Rev. C 47, 2604 (1993)] has received criticism by Hamamoto and Nazarewicz (HN). In what follows we reply to points (a) to (f) raised in their work.

We discuss the consequences of the recent measurements of Wauters et al. for our model of α-decay half-lives. In particular, we emphasize that we have never claimed that no physical structural information can be extracted from α-decay rates, but rather that we expect those effects of nuclear structure excluded from our model to influence the half-lives of unhindered α decays at the level of a factor of 2–3. Careful measurements, such as those of Wauters et al., are therefore important to determine such neglected effects, and should be considered to supplement our model rather than to contradict it.

We reply to the preceding Comment.

Utilizing the compound nuclear reaction ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$${+}^{50}$Cr and a new low-energy proton detector ball, we have observed the ground-state proton decay of ${}_{}{}^{105}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sb}$. A proton energy of 478±15 keV was measured along with an estimated ground-state proton branching ratio of ∼1%, compatible with emission from a ${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$ level and a spectroscopic factor of order unity.

Elastic scattering and transfer reactions for the system ${}_{}{}^{32}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$${+}^{208}$Pb have been measured at the laboratory energy of 173.4 MeV. Q-value distributions and angle differential cross sections have been obtained for a variety of transfer channels. The experimental results for the different charge and mass partitions are analyzed in terms of multiple single-particle and pair-correlated transfer processes.

We demonstrate that realistic models of nuclear interactions and currents quantitatively reproduce the α-particle longitudinal and transverse responses as measured in inclusive electron scattering at intermediate energies. Pion degrees of freedom in both the nuclear interactions and currents play a crucial role in reproducing the experimental data. The charge-exchange character of the pion-exchange interaction leads to shifts of both longitudinal and transverse strength to higher excitation energies, thus producing a significant quenching of the response in the region of the quasielastic peak. However, in the transverse channel this mechanism is more than offset by the two-body pion-exchange currents required by gauge invariance, and hence the response is enhanced over the entire quasielastic spectrum. We relate these results to responses to idealized single-nucleon couplings and to quasielastic data from hadronic reactions on nuclei.