Eigenphase shift and mixing parameters for elastic nd scattering below the breakup threshold are compared as determined by the Faddeev theory and the correlated hyperspherical harmonic method. the AV14 NN potential is used. The agreement is very good and the numbers can be considered as benchmarks.

The theory of quasielastic inclusive scattering of polarized leptons off polarized ${}_{}{}^3{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{He}$ is critically reviewed and the origin of different expressions for the polarized nuclear response function appearing in the literature is explained. The sensitivity of the longitudinal asymmetry upon the neutron form factors is thoroughly investigated and the role played by the polarization angle for minimizing the proton contribution is illustrated.

The dynamics of inclusive breakup processes is studied in the framework of an exact multichannel multiparticle scattering theory. Due to the proper physical description cross sections are uniquely defined in terms of multiparticle transition operators without the problem of post-prior asymmetry. Unlike previous treatments, the present work includes Coulomb and exchange effects. In order to derive tractable expressions certain mathematical approximations have to be invoked. These, and the corresponding physical approximations, are discussed in detail.

New laser-based measurements of the isotope shift between hydrogen and deuterium by Hänsch et al. should determine accurately the deuteron matter radius ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{m}}$. We study the contribution of the deuteron polarizability energy shifts to the isotopic difference and show that this is known in a model independent way. We also make accurate determinations of the asymptotic normalization and the electric dipole polarizability by exploiting empirical linear relations between them and ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{m}}^2$.

This work presents for the first time the high-spin information on the odd-odd neutron deficient nucleus ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tc}$. We have used the reaction ${}_{}{}^{64}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zn}$${(}^{35}$Cl,4p3n${)}^{92}$Tc at a beam energy of 140 MeV to populate high-spin states in the N=49 nucleus ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tc}$. Gamma-ray intensities and γ-γ coincidences were measured. Nineteen new transitions have been found and placed in a level scheme. The positive and negative parity bands have been extended tentatively up to a spin of ${17}^{+}$ and ${21}^{\mathrm{-}}$, respectively. The level scheme can be reasonably well understood within the (${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$,${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$) model space and breaking of the N=50 neutron core. We have observed two discrepancies in the earlier work on the low-lying states in ${}_{}{}^{92}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tc}$.

Measurements of the (n,p) reaction cross section on ${}_{}{}^{60,62,64}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been made at 198 MeV for ${\mathrm{\theta }}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=0–20° in 4° steps. Multipole analyses have been performed on the resulting spectra and Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions have been obtained. These GT distributions have been found to occur as strong peaks at low excitation energy in the final Co nuclei and extend weakly upwards to 30 MeV of excitation. Comparisons of the data with renormalized shell-model calculations show reasonable agreement at low excitation, though the calculations predict very little strength at excitation energies above about 6 MeV.

A total of 38 angular distributors have been measured for the ${}_{}{}^{19}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$${(}^6$Li,d${)}^{23}$Na reaction leading to states in the excitation energy region 6.3–13.25 MeV. For many of them, L values have been assigned and spectroscopic factors extracted, using standard distorted-wave techniques.

Simultaneous measurements of inclusive energy spectra and multiplicities of ${\mathrm{\pi }}^{\pm }$, ${\mathit{K}}^{\pm }$, n, p, d, and t following antiproton annihilation on nuclei over a wide energy range and in the case of neutrons down to the evaporative part of the spectra are reported. Thirteen targets in the mass range of A=12–238 were used in a target mass dependent investigation of the fast stage of the antiproton-nucleus interaction. The deduced transferred, preequilibrium and equilibrium excitation energies agree very well with the dynamical picture drawn by the intranuclear cascade model (INC). Ratios of directly emitted neutrons to protons have been determined to be about twice the N/Z ratio in the target nucleus nearly independently of its mass. These unexpected values for this new sensitive observable are not completely understood in the standard framework of INC. Possible effects of isospin and nucleon densities as well as further schemes beyond the INC are discussed.

The level scheme of ${}_{}{}^{82}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$ is investigated via the ${}_{}{}^{58}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ni}$${(}^{27}$Al,2pn) reaction at a beam energy from 75 to 105 MeV. Excitation functions and neutron-γ coincidences were performed in order to obtain the isotopic identification of the measured γ rays. From the angular distribution, γ-γ, and delayed coincidence data a decay scheme was constructed. It exhibits a sequence of levels with probable spin values ranging up to ${\mathit{I}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=(${17}^{+}$), two of them being isomeric states. In particular, the nuclear structure below the ${\mathit{I}}^{\mathrm{\pi }}$=($9^{+}$) is analyzed. The interpretation of these states in terms of the π${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$⊗ν${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$ multiplet is discussed.

Alpha recoil separation of a large number of ${}_{}{}^{221}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ sources from a pure almost massless source of ${}_{}{}^{225}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ac}$ made possible the study of the level structure of ${}_{}{}^{217}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$ following alpha decay from ${}_{}{}^{221}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$. Alphas in coincidence with all gammas and gammas and electrons in coincidence with ${}_{}{}^{221}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fr}$ alphas were used in this study. The levels in ${}_{}{}^{217}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$ can be interpreted in terms of the π(${\mathit{h}}_{9/2}$${)}^3$ ν(${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$${)}^{\mathrm{-}4}$, π(${\mathit{h}}_{9/2}$${)}^2$ ${\mathrm{f}}_{7/2}$ ν(${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$${)}^{\mathrm{-}4}$, and π(${\mathit{h}}_{9/2}$${)}^2$ ${\mathit{i}}_{13/2}$ ν(${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$${)}^{\mathrm{-}4}$ shell-model configurations. Considerable similarity in the configurations and energies of the states of ${}_{}{}^{217}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$ and ${}_{}{}^{215}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$ is observed. The only change is in the neutron part of the configurations where the ‘‘particle’’ partial configuration in ${}_{}{}^{215}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$ (...ν(${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$${)}^4$) is replaced by the ‘‘hole’’ partial configuration in ${}_{}{}^{217}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$ (...ν(${\mathit{g}}_{9/2}$${)}^{\mathrm{-}4}$). No evidence for parity doublets is found in ${}_{}{}^{217}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{At}$.

The level structure of ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Th}$ has been studied using the electron capture decay of ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pa}$ and the ${\mathrm{\beta }}^{\mathrm{-}}$ decay of ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ac}$ to give a total of 20 levels where only four were previously known. This level structure then makes possible a more complete interpretation of the recently studied ${}_{}{}^{231}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ alpha decay into ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Th}$. The level structure can be interpreted using both strong coupling and intermediate coupling models in terms of K=1/$2^{\pm }$,K=3/$2^{\pm }$, and more tentative K=5/$2^{\pm }$ parity double bands which implies that ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Th}$ has reflection asymmetry. Futhermore, the detailed interpretation of the level structure of ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Th}$ solves the long standing problem of the ground state spin-parity of ${}_{}{}^{227}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Th}$ which is shown to be 1/$2^{+}$.

The neutron-rich nucleus ${}_{40}{}^{101}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}_{61}^{}{}_{}{}^{}$ has been studied at the isotope separator ISOLDE via the β decay of ${}_{}{}^{101}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Y}$. A detailed level scheme has been obtained from γ-ray singles, γ-γ-t and β-γ-t coincidence measurements. The level structure of ${}_{}{}^{101}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$ is similar to that of its isotone ${}_{}{}^{103}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$ showing that, in contrast to their Sr neighbors, the Zr isotopes do not reach maximum of deformation immediately at its onset. This result is rather well reproduced by particle-rotor coupling calculations. A level systematics for the deformed N=61 isotones of ${}_{38}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Sr}$, ${}_{40}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Zr}$, and ${}_{42}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mo}$ allows the assignment of Nilsson configurations to several rotational bands.

A photon scattering experiment on ${}_{}{}^{143}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$ yielded detailed information about the energies, cross sections, and absolute strengths of dipole transitions between 1.4 and 4.1 MeV. Besides some well-known levels at energies around 2 MeV we observed a number of very strong dipole excitations between 2.8 and 3.8 MeV. This is the energy region where one expects the two-phonon-($2^{+}$⊗$3^{\mathrm{-}}$)⊗ particle multiplet which arises due to the coupling of the unpaired neutron with ($2^{+}$⊗$3^{\mathrm{-}}$) coupled states in the even-even core nucleus ${}_{}{}^{142}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$. The summed dipole strength between 2.8 and 3.6 MeV in ${}_{}{}^{143}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$, according to the sum rule, is comparable to the E1 strength of the $1^{\mathrm{-}}$ member of the multiplet in the core nucleus ${}_{}{}^{142}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$. Model calculations in a harmonic approximation with a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction show very good agreement with the experiment and indicate the dominant two-phonon-particle structure ($2^{+}$⊗$3^{\mathrm{-}}$⊗${\mathit{f}}_{7/2}$) of the excitations in ${}_{}{}^{143}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Nd}$.

A high-spin study has been performed on the transitional N=88 nucleus ${}_{}{}^{157}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tm}$. Over 80 new transitions have been added to the level scheme and states up to spin 83/$2^{\mathrm{-}}$ observed. At low to medium spins the observed structures and their alignment behavior may be understood in terms of multiquasiparticle excitations within the standard cranked shell model. At higher spins a change from collective to noncollective rotation via the mechanism of band termination is established. Comparisons with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations including pairing are made. The ${}_{}{}^{157}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Tm}$ results and their implications for neighboring even-even N=88 nuclei are discussed.

New improved expressions for the oscillator spacing ħω are derived. These expressions have the advantage of being isospin dependent. They are obtained by employing new expressions for the mean square radius of nuclei, which fit the experimental mean square radii and the isotopic shifts of even-even nuclei much better than other frequently used relations. The trend of the variation of ħω with the neutron excess is studied. A formula for ħω calculated in the present approach as a function of the mass number A agrees well with ħω coming from a completely different input, i.e., the separation energies of the last nucleon. Very accurate approximate asymptotic formulas for ħω are also derived, which are suitable for practical use.

We examine several ‘‘landmarks’’ for the effects of the tensor interaction on the properties of light nuclei. These were usually discussed in the context of small-space shell-model calculations. We show, using G matrices derived from a realistic nucleon-nucleon potential, that when the model space is small (e.g., 0ħω), these effects are overestimated, indicating that the tensor interaction is too strong. However, when larger spaces are used, there is a diminishing of these effects, which, in general, leads to better agreement with experiment.

The low-spin features of odd-mass nuclei in the Z∼62, N∼90 region, for which stable octupole deformations has been previously suggested, are studied without introducing the static intrinsic reflection asymmetry (SIRA). Calculations using a Woods-Saxon potential and taking into account the Coriolis mixing show that most properties can be described in this approximation. Furthermore, the calculated polarization energies of octupole-driving orbitals are not large enough to support the existence of SIRA at low spin in this region.

Using the real-time Green’s-function method with a pair-cutoff approximation up to second order, the thermodynamical fluctuation effects of meson fields on the QHD-II model are studied. We find that the fluctuation effects of meson fields, in particular, the π meson field, on saturation energy, effective mass of nucleon, and pressure are remarkable in the low-density region and/or high-temperature region. The results given by the QHD-I and QHD-II models are compared. The value of the critical point of the liquid-gas phase transition for the QHD-II model is given.

The low-lying positive parity states of ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ are calculated in a coupled channels treatment of a valence neutron interacting with a deformed core. The loosely bound nature of the valence neutron is taken into account by using a Woods-Saxon potential. Comparisons are made to shell-model predictions and to data. The model reproduces the measured spectrum quite well for realistic parameters of the neutron-core interaction.

Charge, velocity, and angular correlations between intermediate mass fragments (IMF) are presented for 50 and 100 MeV/nucleon Fe bombardments of Ta, Au, and Th targets. Correlation functions generated as a function of the relative velocity and the opening angle between two IMF’s are qualitatively independent of the projectile energy and target mass and show a suppression at small relative velocities and opening angles due to the Coulomb repulsion between the fragments. The correlations are consistent with IMF’s emitted primarily from a highly excited target residue following a rapid preequilibrium cascade. The correlation data are compared to model calculations using the event generator meneka and the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) code with a statistical deexcitation of residual fragments utilizing the multifragmentation code smm. All data are consistent with a simultaneous multifragmentation at a freeze-out density of 0.1–0.3 times normal nuclear matter density or a more sequential emission with time constant τ≤500 fm/c.