A new method for calculating the low-lying states of light nuclei is proposed: antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD)–superposition of selected snapshots. In addition to the cluster features of the core nucleus, the properties of the wave of valence nucleons are well expressed in terms of a superposition of selected AMD wave functions. For ${}^6\mathrm{He}$, the binding energy and the halo nature are reproduced using effective interactions determined from a phase-shift analysis. For the deformed core cases, the three $0^{+}$ states of ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ are well described. Here, the importance of solving the cooling equation for the imaginary part of the Gaussian centers for the nucleons is examined. For ${}^{12}\mathrm{Be}$, the newly observed $J=0$ state at $2.24\text{MeV}$ is analyzed to be the second $0^{+}$ state.

The contribution of the three-body correlations to the binding energy of symmetric nuclear matter is calculated by solving the Bethe-Faddeev equation by direct matrix inversion in momentum space. The calculations described in this paper provide both a check and, from a practical point of view, an easier alternative to previous calculations relying on a separable approximation to the $G$ matrix appearing in the Bethe-Faddeev kernel.

For three-body decay of a nuclear level, it is suggested that instead of the total width being the sum of the partial widths calculated from $R$-matrix formulas the contributions from different decay channels should be added coherently. Two-proton and two-neutron decay widths are considered, and also widths of levels of ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}^9\mathrm{B}$.

Two-particle correlations based on the interference of identical particles have provided the chief means for determining the shape and lifetime of sources in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Here, strong and Coulomb induced correlations are shown to provide similar information.

We compare existing elastic scattering data for ${}^6\mathrm{He}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ with new ${}^6\mathrm{Li}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ data at the same center of mass energies relative to their respective Coulomb barriers. Total reaction cross sections obtained from optical model fits to the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ elastic scattering data confirm previous suggestions that the total reaction cross section for ${}^6\mathrm{He}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ is much larger than that for the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ system at similar energies relative to the Coulomb barrier. Continuum-discretized coupled channels calculations suggest that the enhanced reaction cross section for ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ is due to the large $E1$ excitation strength to the continuum, absent in ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$. However, this conclusion is still tentative, as the calculations predict a large peak in the total $\alpha$ yield at forward angles which the currently available data are unable to confirm, due to their not extending to sufficiently small angles. New precise data for the elastic scattering and total $\alpha$ yield at forward angles for the ${}^6\mathrm{He}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ system are required to confirm the contribution of $E1$ excitation to the continuum to the total reaction cross section.

${}^{150}\mathrm{Lu}$ was produced via the $1p3n$ fusion-evaporation channel by bombarding a ${}^{96}\mathrm{Rn}$ target with a$297\text{−}\text{MeV}$ ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ beam, evaporation residues were analyzed using the fragment mass analyzer at Argonne National Laboratory. A new delay-line amplification system was used to make a new more precise measurement of proton decay from the isomeric state in ${}^{150}\mathrm{Lu}$ [$E_p=1.286\left(6\right)\mathrm{MeV}$, $t_{1∕2}={52.5}_{-8.7}^{+13}\mu \mathrm{s}$]. In addition the half-life of the proton emitting ground state was measured to be 43(5) ms. Proton decay partial half-lives for both transitions are compared with theory. The isomeric transition is found to have a significantly smaller spectroscopic factor than the $h_{11∕2}$ ground state transition.

We present the first nucleon-nucleon potential at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (fourth order) of chiral perturbation theory. Charge dependence is included up to next-to-leading order of the isospin-violation scheme. The accuracy for the reproduction of the nucleon-nucleon $\left(NN\right)$ data below $290\text{−}\text{MeV}$ lab energy is comparable to the one of phenomenological high-precision potentials. Since $NN$ potentials of order three and less are known to be deficient in quantitative terms, the present work shows that the fourth order is necessary and sufficient for a $NN$ potential reliable up to $290\text{MeV}$. The new potential provides a promising starting point for exact few-body calculations and microscopic nuclear structure theory (including chiral many-body forces derived on the same footing).

The cross sections for producing $K^{-}$ mesons in nucleon-hyperon elementary processes are estimated assuming one-pion exchange and using the experimentally known pion-hyperon cross sections. The results are implemented in a transport model which is applied to calculation of proton-nucleus collisions. In significant difference to earlier estimates for heavy-ion collisions the inclusion of the nucleon-hyperon cross section roughly doubles the $K^{-}$ production in near-threshold proton-nucleus collisions.

The $J∕\psi$ yield at midrapidity at the top RHIC (relativistic heavy ion collider) energy is calculated within the statistical coalescence model, which assumes charmonium formation at the late stage of the reaction from the charm quarks and antiquarks created earlier in hard parton collisions. The results are compared to the new PHENIX data and to predictions of the standard models, which assume formation of charmonia exclusively at the initial stage of the reaction and their subsequent suppression. Two versions of the suppression scenario are considered. One of them assumes gradual charmonium suppression by comovers, while the other one supposes that the suppression sets in abruptly due to quark-gluon plasma formation. Surprisingly, both versions give very similar results. In contrast, the statistical coalescence model predicts a few times larger $J∕\psi$ yield in the most central collisions.

The $K^{+}$-nucleon elastic scattering process has been reexamined in light of recent measurements which have found a narrow exotic $S=+1$ resonance in their $KN$ invariant mass distributions. We have analyzed the existing database in order to consider the effect of a narrow state on fits to $K^{+}$-nucleon observables.

In this paper we investigate possible reasons for the differences found in some kinematic regions between existing microscopic $pp$ bremsstrahlung models and experimental data. It is shown that this is partly the result of an inaccurate description of the elastic nucleon-nucleon $\left(NN\right)T$ matrix at low energies. We show that for the phase space probed by the recent KVI experiment, Coulomb corrections do not influence the observables. The difference between theory and experiment is reduced after the $NN$ one-boson exchange model is refitted to the $pp$ phase shifts, however, a sizable discrepancy persists.

The shell model Monte Carlo (SMMC) approach has been applied to calculate level densities and partition functions to temperatures up to $\sim 1.5–2\text{MeV}$, with the maximal temperature limited by the size of the configuration space. Here we develop an extension of the theory that can be used to higher temperatures, taking into account the large configuration space that is needed. We first examine the configuration space limitation using an independent-particle model that includes both bound states and the continuum. The larger configuration space is then combined with the SMMC under the assumption that the effects on the partition function are factorizable. The method is demonstrated for nuclei in the iron region, extending the calculated partition functions and level densities up to $T\sim 4\text{MeV}$. We find that the back-shifted Bethe formula has a much larger range of validity than was previously believed. The present theory also shows more clearly the effects of the pairing phase transition on the heat capacity.

The neutron-deficient nucleus ${}^{123}\mathrm{La}$ was studied via the ${}^{92}\mathrm{Mo}\left({}^{40}\mathrm{Ca},2ap\right)$ reaction at a beam energy of $184\text{MeV}$. Previously known bands were extended to a much higher spin, and in two cases the structures are now observed near $40\hslash$. In addition, three new sequences were identified and linked into previously known bands. The lowest $(\pi ,\alpha )=(+,-\frac{1}{2})$ structure displays characteristics similar to those of analogous bands in ${}^{127,129}\mathrm{La}$, which have been proposed as examples of smooth band termination. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations were compared with the experimental data in ${}^{123}\mathrm{La}$ to determine whether this band is approaching a terminating state as well.

The chiral doublets for nuclei in $A\sim 100$ and $130$ regions have been studied with the particle-rotor model. The experimental spectra of chiral partner bands for four $N=75$ isotones in $A\sim 130$ region have been well reproduced by the calculation with the configuration $\pi h_{11∕2}\otimes \nu h_{11∕2}^{-1}$. The possible chiral doublets in $A\sim 100$ region have been predicted by the particle-rotor model with the configuration $\pi g_{9∕2}\otimes \nu g_{9∕2}^{-1}$ based on the analysis of the spectra, the $\omega -I$ relation, the $B\left(M1\right)$ and $B\left(E2\right)$ transition probabilities, and the structure of the wave functions. The possible chiral doublets for nuclei with asymmetric particle and hole configurations are also discussed.

Differential cross sections $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$ and analyzing powers $A_y\left(\theta \right)$ have been measured for neutron scattering from ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ and ${}^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ at $15\text{MeV}$ at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory using standard time-of-flight techniques. In addition, $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$ was measured for ${}^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ at 10, 12, 14, 17, and $19\text{MeV}$. Two large databases covering the energy range from 0.1 to $80\text{MeV}$ were formed for these nuclei from this new data and previously published data, including that for the total cross section ${\sigma }_T$. These sets of data were analyzed using spherical dispersive optical-model (DOM) potentials, as well as coupled-channels model (CCM) potentials. The ${}^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ DOM gives good agreement with the $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$ data, except in the region of the first minimum. It also gives a reasonable description of our $A_y\left(\theta \right)$ measurement. The ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ DOM gives good agreement with the data, except for $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$ at backward angles below $9.4\text{MeV}$ and for ${\sigma }_T$, for which there is up to $5\%$ disagreement in the $10\text{–}50\text{MeV}$ range. Compared to the DOM, the ${}^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ CCM calculations give improved agreement with the $\sigma \left(\theta \right)$ data, especially at the first minimum. The ${\sigma }_T$ calculations agree with the data to within about $3\%$ above $1.0\text{MeV}$. The three-level CCM calculations for ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ give excellent agreement with the entire database.

We present the results of charged particle fluctuations measurements in $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130\text{GeV}$ using the STAR detector. Dynamical fluctuations measurements are presented for inclusive charged particle multiplicities as well as for identified charged pions, kaons, and protons. The net charge dynamical fluctuations are found to be large and negative providing clear evidence that positive and negative charged particle production is correlated within the pseudorapidity range investigated. Correlations are smaller than expected based on model-dependent predictions for a resonance gas or a quark-gluon gas which undergoes fast hadronization and freeze-out. Qualitative agreement is found with comparable scaled $p+p$ measurements and a heavy ion jet interaction generation model calculation based on independent particle collisions, although a small deviation from the $1∕N$ scaling dependence expected from this model is observed.

The current normalization of the cross section of inclusive high-$p_T$ particle production in deuteron-gold collisions measured at RHIC relies on Glauber model calculations for the inelastic $d$-Au cross section. These calculations should be corrected for diffraction. Moreover, they miss Gribov’s inelastic shadowing which makes nuclei more transparent (color transparency) and reduces the inelastic cross section. The magnitude of this effect rises with energy and one may anticipate it to affect dramatically the normalization of the RHIC data. We evaluate the inelastic shadowing corrections employing the light-cone dipole formalism which effectively sums up multiple interactions in all orders. We found a rather modest correction factor for the current normalization of data for high-$p_T$ hadron production in $d$-Au collisions. The results of experiments insensitive to diffraction (PHENIX, PHOBOS) should be renormalized by about $20\%$ down, while those which include diffraction (STAR), by only $10\%$. In spite of smallness of the correction it eliminates the Cronin enhancement in the PHENIX data for pions. The largest theoretical uncertainty comes from the part of inelastic shadowing which is related to diffractive gluon radiation or gluon shadowing. Our estimate is adjusted to data for the triple-Pomeron coupling and is small, however, other models do not have such a restriction and predict much stronger gluon shadowing. Thus, one arrives at quite diverse predictions for the correction factor which may be even as small as $K=0.65$. Therefore, one should admit that the current data for high-$p_T$ hadron production in $d$-Au collisions at RHIC cannot exclude in a model independent way a possibility of initial state suppression proposed by Kharzeev-Levin-McLerran. To settle this uncertainty one should directly measure the inelastic $d$-Au cross sections at RHIC. Also, collisions with a tagged spectator nucleon may serve as a sensitive probe for nuclear transparency and inelastic shadowing. We found an illuminating quantum-mechanical effect: the nucleus acts like a lens focusing spectators into a very narrow cone.

We introduce a model for the real-time evolution of a relativistic fluid of quarks coupled to nonequilibrium dynamics of the long-wavelength (classical) modes of the chiral condensate. We solve the equations of motion numerically in 3+1 space-time dimensions. Starting the evolution at high temperature in the symmetric phase, we study dynamical trajectories that either cross the line of first-order phase transitions or evolve through its critical end point. For those cases, we predict the behavior of the azimuthal momentum asymmetry for high-energy heavy-ion collisions at nonzero impact parameter.

Low spin states in the self-conjugate even-even nucleus ${}^{48}\mathrm{Cr}$ were investigated using the MINIBALL $\gamma$-ray spectrometer. At the FN TANDEM accelerator in Cologne the ${}^{46}\mathrm{Ti}({}^3\mathrm{He},n)$ reaction was used for the measurement of $\gamma \gamma$ coincidences for an excitation function from 7 to $12\text{MeV}$ beam energy. Seventeen excited states were observed, nine for the first time by means of $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy, and new spin assignments were made. No excited states apart from the ground band were observed below $3.4\text{MeV}$. First comparisons with different model calculations are given.