An in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy experiment for ${}^{142}\mathrm{Pm}$ has been performed via the ${}^{128}\mathrm{Te}$$\left({}^{19}\mathrm{F},5n\right)$ reaction at beam energies of $75\mathrm{MeV}$ through $95\mathrm{MeV}$. Excitation functions and $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidences have been measured. Detailed analysis of $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidence relationships leads to a revised high-spin level scheme for ${}^{142}\mathrm{Pm}$. The $\pi h_{11∕2}\otimes \nu h_{11∕2}^{-1}$ multiplet in this nucleus has been identified and the discussion is based on a systematic of corresponding states in neighboring odd-odd nuclei. The previously known $67\text{−}\mu \mathrm{s}$ isomer and associated decay $\gamma$ rays have been placed into the new level scheme. This long-lived isomer is proposed to be a four-hole state with predominantly the ${\left(\pi g_{7∕2}^{-1}{d}_{5∕2}^{-2}\otimes \nu h_{11∕2}^{-1}\right)}_{{13}^{-}}$ configuration.

The effect of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ breakup on the fusion cross section of these nuclei with ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ is investigated by means of continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) calculations. For ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ the calculations describe reasonably well the experimental data for elastic scattering, ${}^6\mathrm{Li}\to \alpha +d$ breakup and the absorption cross section given by the sum of the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ fusion and the $\alpha$ production cross section not attributed to breakup. The effect of ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ breakup on the calculated absorption cross section is found to depend strongly on the imaginary part of the diagonal bare potential. A combination of the CDCC technique and the barrier penetration model generates results close to the measured fusion cross section. For ${}^6\mathrm{He}$ the calculated absorption cross section is much larger than the measured ${}^6\mathrm{He}+{}^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ complete fusion cross section values. However, it is found to be relatively independent of the form of the imaginary part of the bare potential. The complete fusion cross section is again found to be reasonably well described by the CDCC∕BPM combination.

The excitation energies and spins of the levels in the yrast superdeformed band of ${}^{191}\mathrm{Hg}$ have been determined from two single-step $\gamma$ transitions and the quasicontinuum spectrum connecting the superdeformed and normal-deformed states. The results are compared with those from theoretical mean-field calculations with different interactions. A discussion of pairing in superdeformed states is also included.

The ${}^{57}\mathrm{Co}(n,\gamma ){}^{58}\mathrm{Co}$ thermal and resonance integral cross section were measured as $51\left(5\right)\mathrm{b}$ and $20.0\left(19\right)\mathrm{b}$, respectively, by irradiating aliquots of ${}^{57}\mathrm{Co}$ solution sealed inside quartz bottles near the core of the IEA-R1 IPEN research reactor and counting the gamma-ray residual activity. The irradiations were monitored using Au-Al alloy foils, with and without Cd cover. The gamma-ray measurements were performed with a shielded HPGe detector. Westcott formalism was applied for the average neutron flux determination. The cross section energy dependence was evaluated using the multilevel Breit-Wigner expression considering the first two resonances and the statistical model for energies above the second resonance. Maxwellian averaged neutron capture cross section with neutron temperatures between 5 and $100\mathrm{keV}$ were also evaluated.

Cross sections for neutron radiative capture multiplied by the relative velocity can be expressed as a Taylor expansion in powers of the relative energy. The coefficients of this expansion are expressed in the potential model as integrals involving solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation and of its inhomogeneous energy derivatives calculated at zero energy. Similarities and differences with charged-particle capture are emphasized. The ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(n,\gamma ){}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ capture reaction is treated as an example. The coefficients of the Taylor expansion lead to simple parametrizations of the experimental partial cross sections for neutron capture to each ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ bound state.

The isoscaling parameter $\alpha$, from the fragments produced in the multifragmentation of ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$, ${}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ and ${}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}+{}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$ reactions at 30, 40 and $47\mathrm{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$, was compared with that predicted by the antisymmetrized molecular dynamic calculation based on two different nucleon-nucleon effective forces, namely the Gogny and Gogny-AS interaction. The results show that the data agree better with the choice of Gogny-AS effective interaction, resulting in a symmetry energy of $\sim 18–20\mathrm{MeV}$. The observed value indicates that the fragments are formed at a reduced density of $\sim 0.08{\mathrm{fm}}^{-3}$.

We present a global spherical optical model potential for neutrons with incident energies from $1\mathrm{keV}$ up to $200\mathrm{MeV}$ containing dispersive terms and a local energy approximation. A comprehensive database for spherical or quasispherical nuclei covering the mass range $24⩽A⩽209$ is used to automatically search on all parameters. A good representation of the entire data set is obtained when both volume and surface potentials share the same energy-independent geometry.

The ratios of the yields of charged antiparticles to particles have been obtained for pions, kaons, and protons near midrapidity for $d+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ as a function of centrality. The reported values represent the ratio of the yields averaged over the rapidity range of $0.1<y_{\pi }<1.3$ and $0<y_{K,p}<0.8$, where positive rapidity is in the deuteron direction, and for transverse momenta $0.1<p_T^{\pi ,K}<1\mathrm{GeV}∕c$ and $0.3<p_T^p<1\mathrm{GeV}∕c$. Within the uncertainties, a lack of centrality dependence is observed in all three ratios. The data are compared to results from other systems and model calculations.

A self-consistent calculation with variation after parity projection is proposed to study both ground and excited states of light nuclei. This procedure provides description of the ground state incorporating some correlation effects, and self-consistent solutions for the excited states of negative parity. For flexible description of nuclear shapes, single particle orbitals are represented on a uniform grid in the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. The angular momentum projection is performed after variation to calculate rotational spectra. To demonstrate the usefulness of the method, results are shown for two $N=Z$ nuclei, ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ and ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$, for which clustering correlations are known to be important. In the ${}^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ nucleus, both cluster-like and shell-model-like states are described simultaneously in the present framework. For ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ nucleus, the appearance of three-alpha clustering correlation in the ground state is investigated in relation to the strength of the two-body spin-orbit interaction.

Highly excited single-particle states in nuclei are coupled with the excitations of a more complex character, first of all with collective phononlike modes of the core. In the framework of the quasiparticle-phonon model, we consider the structure of resulting complex configurations, using the $1k_{17∕2}$ orbital in ${}^{209}{}_{}\mathrm{Pb}$ as an example. Although, on the level of one- and two-phonon admixtures, the fully chaotic Gaussian orthogonal ensemble regime is not reached, the eigenstates of the model carry a significant degree of complexity that can be quantified with the aid of correlational invariant entropy. With artificially enhanced particle-core coupling, the system undergoes the doubling phase transition with the quasiparticle strength concentrated in two repelling peaks. This phase transition is clearly detected by correlational entropy.

We examine the nucleon strangeness magnetic moment ${\mu }_s$ with a lowest order meson cloud model. We observe that (1) strangeness in the nucleon is a natural requirement of the empirical relation ${\mu }_p∕{\mu }_n=-3∕2$, which favors an SU(3) octet meson cloud instead of merely the SU(2) pions. (2) In a consistent perturbative calculation, the quark vertex contribution to ${\mu }_s$ is divergently positive, the meson cloud contribution to ${\mu }_s$ is divergently negative, and the sum is convergent and negative. (3) In the rest frame of the nucleon, ${\mu }_s$ cannot be separated into a quark part and an antiquark part, neither can ${\mu }_s$ be calculated via the spin and orbital angular momentum of the strange quarks and antiquarks. (4) While the overall sign of ${\mu }_s$ is under debate, the spin part of ${\mu }_s$ (which is related to the strange quark tensor charge) is better known to be negative.

The phase transition of chiral symmetry restoration in strange hadronic matter is studied in the chiral SU(3) quark mean field model. When the baryon density is larger than a critical density ${\rho }_c$, the minimal energy density of the system occurs at the point where the effective masses of nucleon, $\Lambda$, or $\Xi$ drop to zero. The physical quantities change discontinuously at this density and the system will be in the phase of chiral symmetry restoration. A rich phase structure of strange hadronic matter with different strangeness fraction $f_s$ is obtained.

Prompt and delayed $\gamma$ rays from ${}^{191,193}\mathrm{Bi}$ have been identified using the recoil-decay tagging, isomer tagging, and recoil gating techniques, resulting in extensive level schemes for both nuclei. Excitation energies of the isomeric $13∕2^{+}$ states have been established and oblate strongly coupled bands built on them have been observed. The nearly spherical $9∕2^{-}$ ground-state bands appear to be crossed by more oblate-deformed low-lying structures. The properties of the bands feeding the $1∕2^{+}$ intruder states indicate some structural change between ${}^{193}\mathrm{Bi}$ and ${}^{191}\mathrm{Bi}$. The deformation associated with each of these states has been extracted from total Routhian surface calculations which also reveal the development of prolate minima with decreasing neutron number. $B\left(M1\right)∕B\left(E2\right)$ ratios have been measured for the observed strongly coupled bands in order to resolve the intrinsic excitations. The observed quasiparticle structures in ${}^{193}\mathrm{Bi}$ and high-spin isomers both in ${}^{193}\mathrm{Bi}$ and ${}^{191}\mathrm{Bi}$ are interpreted based on the coupling of the odd proton to the even-even $\mathrm{Pb}$ core.

Spin-isospin excitations in ${}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ have been studied by means of the $\left({}^3\mathrm{He},t\right)$ and $\left({}^3\mathrm{He},tp\right)$ reactions at a bombarding energy of $E\left({}^3\mathrm{He}\right)=450\mathrm{MeV}$. The zero-degree $\left({}^3\mathrm{He},t\right)$ spectrum is found to be similar to those from the $(p,n)$ reactions at intermediate energies, suggesting a simple direct reaction mechanism at $E\left({}^3\mathrm{He}\right)=450\mathrm{MeV}$. The Gamow-Teller $\left(\mathrm{GT}\right)$ states with $J^{\pi }=1∕2^{-}$ and $3∕2^{-}$ have been strongly excited at ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}=0°$. The angular distribution of cross sections for the ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}\left({}^3\mathrm{He},t\right){}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ reaction and the elastic ${}^3\mathrm{He}$ scattering off ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ were obtained at ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}=0°–17°$ and at ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}=2°–22°$, respectively. The obtained experimental results were compared with calculations performed in distorted-wave Born approximation. Microscopic structures of the states in ${}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ have further been studied by observing decay protons in coincidence with high-energy tritons measured at ${\theta }_{\mathrm{lab}}=0°$. The branching ratios for proton decay from the $\mathrm{GT}$ states in ${}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ to the final low-lying $T=0$ states in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ were obtained. The wave functions of the excited states in ${}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ are discussed on the basis of obtained experimental data and relevant theoretical calculations.

We study the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon, from small to large momentum transfer, in the context of the instanton liquid model (ILM). As a first step, we analyze the role of single-instanton effects, and show that they dominate the form factors at large momentum transfer. Then, we go beyond the single-instanton approximation and perform a calculation to all orders in the ’t Hooft interaction. We find that the ILM is in good agreement with the available experimental data. Based on these results, we argue that instantons provide a microscopic mechanism that explains the delay of the onset of the asymptotic perturbative regime in the electromagnetic form factors.

The production of ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons in the reactions $\gamma p\to p{\eta }^{\prime }$ and $pp\to pp{\eta }^{\prime }$ is described consistently within a relativistic meson exchange model of hadronic interactions. The photoproduction can be described quite well over the entire energy range of available data by considering an $S_{11}$ and a $P_{11}$ resonance, in addition to the $t$-channel mesonic current. The observed angular distribution is due to the interference between the $t$-channel and the nucleon resonance $s$- and $u$-channel contributions. Our analysis yields positions close to $1650\text{MeV}$ and $1870\text{MeV}$ for the $S_{11}$ and $P_{11}$ resonances, respectively. We argue that, at present, identifying these states with the known $S_{11}\left(1650\right)$ resonance and the missing $P_{11}$ resonance predicted at $1880\text{MeV}$, respectively, would be premature. It is found that the nucleonic current is relatively small and that the $NN{\eta }^{\prime }$ coupling constant cannot be much larger than $g_{NN{\eta }^{\prime }}=3$. As for the $pp\to pp{\eta }^{\prime }$ reaction, different current contributions are constrained by a combined analysis of this and the photoproduction reaction. Difficulties to simultaneously account for the $47\text{MeV}$ and $144\text{MeV}$ angular distributions measured by the COSY-11 and DISTO collaborations, respectively, are addressed.

The parity-nonconserving asymmetry in the deuteron photodisintegration, $\vec{\gamma }+d\to n+p$, is considered with the photon energy ranged up to $10\mathrm{MeV}$ above the threshold. The aim is to improve upon a schematic estimate assuming the absence of tensor, as well as spin-orbit forces in the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The major contributions are due to the vector-meson exchanges, and the strong suppression of the pion-exchange contribution is confirmed. A simple argument, going beyond the observation of an algebraic cancellation, is presented. Contributions of meson-exchange currents are also considered, but found to be less significant.

We analyze the energy dependence for two parity-nonconserving (PNC) asymmetries in the reaction $\gamma D\to np$ in the near-threshold region. First, we analyze the asymmetry in the reaction between a circularly polarized photon beam and an unpolarized deuteron. Second, we examine the reaction between an unpolarized photon and a polarized deuteron. We find that the two asymmetries have quite different energy dependence, and that the shapes are sensitive to the PNC meson-exchange coupling constants. The constraints for the PNC coupling constants and how to obtain them from future experiments are discussed.

Differential cross sections for the exclusive reaction $\vec{p}p\to pp\eta$ observed via the $\eta \to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ decay channel have been measured at $T_{\text{beam}}=2.15\text{GeV}$, $2.50\text{GeV}$, and $2.85\text{GeV}$ (excess energies $324\text{MeV}$, $412\text{MeV}$, and $554\text{MeV}$). The influence of the $N\left(1535\right)S_{11}$ resonance is clearly seen in the invariant mass and momentum dependent differential cross sections. The extracted resonance parameters are compatible with existing data. No significant evidence for further resonance contributions has been found. In addition, angular distributions of the $pp\eta$ final state have been measured. The polar angle distribution of the $\eta$ shows an anisotropy with respect to the beam axis for the lowest beam energy, which vanishes for the higher energies. The sign of this anisotropy is negative and expected to be sensitive to the dominant production mechanism. In contrast, the proton polar angle in the $pp$ rest frame tends to be more strongly aligned along the beam axis with increasing beam energy. The analyzing power $A_y$ is compatible with zero for all beam energies.

The energy of the $2^{+}\to 0^{+}$ transition in ${}^{226}\mathrm{U}$ has been measured as $81.3\left(6\right)\mathrm{keV}$ and the energy of the $4^{+}\to 2^{+}$ transition in ${}^{254}\mathrm{No}$ has been measured as $101.1\left(6\right)\mathrm{keV}$, both for the first time, by means of electron spectroscopy. The results are close to the estimates of the energies of these transitions from earlier $\gamma$-decay work. Absolute values of electromagnetic decay intensities have been measured for yrast transitions in both nuclei.