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Hybrid Atom Tweezer Array of Nuclear Spin and Optical Clock Qubits

Yuma Nakamura*, Toshi Kusano, Rei Yokoyama, Keito Saito, Koichiro Higashi, Naoya Ozawa, Tetsushi Takano, Yosuke Takasu, and Yoshiro Takahashi

  • Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

  • *Contact author: nakamura.yuma.54c@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp
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Phys. Rev. X 14, 041062 – Published 10 December, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041062

Abstract

While data qubits with a long coherence time are essential for the storage of quantum information, ancilla qubits are pivotal in quantum error correction (QEC) for fault-tolerant quantum computing. The recent development of optical tweezer arrays, such as the preparation of large-scale qubit arrays and high-fidelity gate operations, offers the potential for realizing QEC protocols, and one of the important next challenges is to control and detect ancilla qubits while minimizing atom loss and crosstalk. Here, we present the realization of a hybrid system consisting of a dual-isotope ytterbium (Yb) atom array, in which we can utilize a nuclear spin qubit of fermionic Yb171 as a data qubit and an optical clock qubit of bosonic Yb174 as an ancilla qubit with a capacity of nondestructive qubit readout. We evaluate the crosstalk between qubits regarding the impact on the coherence of the nuclear spin qubits from the imaging light for Yb174. For the Hahn-echo sequence with a 399 nm probe and 556 nm cooling beams for Yb174, we observe 99.1(1.8)% coherence retained under 20 ms exposure, yielding a discrimination fidelity of 0.9992 and a survival probability of 0.988. The Ramsey sequence with a 556 nm probe beam shows negligible influence on the coherence, suggesting the potential future improvement of low crosstalk measurements. This result highlights the potential of the hybrid-Yb atom array for midcircuit measurements for ancilla-qubit-based QEC protocols.

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Popular Summary

Quantum error correction is essential for taking full advantage of quantum computing’s capabilities. In a neutral atom-based computing architecture, one of the difficulties in implementing quantum error correction arises from the readout of auxiliary, or ancilla, qubits used for error detection without disturbing the states of the data qubits. To address this challenge, we demonstrate a hybrid atom array system of nuclear spin qubits and optical clock qubits, where the former act as data qubits with long coherence times and the latter as ancilla qubits capable of nondestructive qubit readouts.

Our hybrid array uses dual-isotope, alkali earthlike ytterbium (Yb) atoms consisting of the fermionic isotope Yb171 and the bosonic isotope Yb174. The former provides nuclear spin qubits; the latter offers optical clock qubits. We prepare a dual-Yb, single-atom array—in which each trapping site contains no more than one atom—using a photoassociation process that converts two atoms to a molecule to remove the simultaneous trapping of both isotopes. We then evaluate the crosstalk between the qubits when reading, or imaging, the optical clock qubits. The coherence of the nuclear spin qubits is not degraded even when irradiated by the imaging light for Yb174, highlighting the potential of this system for the implementation of quantum error correction.

Our work opens new avenues for developing a hybridized qubit system based on a neutral atom architecture, facilitating fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. X 14, 041062– Published 10 December, 2024
  • Received 31 May 2024
  • Accepted 4 November 2024
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