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Chiral Spin Liquid Ground State in YBaCo3FeO7

W. Schweika1,2,*, M. Valldor3,4, J. D. Reim1,5, and U. K. Rößler3

  • 1Quantenmaterialien und kollektive Phänomene JCNS-2 & PGI-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, DE-52425 Jülich, Germany
  • 2European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
  • 3Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20 DE-01069 Dresden, Germany
  • 4Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology (SMN), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
  • 5Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan

  • *Corresponding author. W.Schweika@fz-juelich.de
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Phys. Rev. X 12, 021029 – Published 4 May, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.021029

Abstract

A chiral spin liquid state is discovered in the highly frustrated, noncentrosymmetric swedenborgite compound YBaCo3FeO7, a layered kagome system of hexagonal symmetry, by advanced polarized neutron scattering from a single domain crystalline sample. The observed diffuse magnetic neutron scattering has an antisymmetric property that relates to its specific chirality, which consists of three cycloidal waves perpendicular to the c axis, forming an entity of cylindrical symmetry. Chirality and symmetry agree with relevant antisymmetric exchanges arising from broken spatial parity. Applying a Fourier analysis to the chiral interference pattern, with distinction between kagome sites and the connecting trigonal interlayer sites of threefold symmetry, the chiral spin correlation function is determined. Characteristic chiral waves originate from the trigonal sites and extend over several periods in the kagome planes. The chiral spin liquid is remarkably stable at low temperatures despite strong antiferromagnetic spin exchange. The observation raises a challenge, since the commonly accepted ground states in condensed matter either have crystalline long-range order or form a quantum liquid. We show that, within the classical theory of magnetic order, a disordered ground state may arise from chirality. The present scenario, with antisymmetric exchange acting as a frustrating gauge background that stabilizes local spin lumps, is similar to the avoided phase transition in coupled gauge and matter fields for subnuclear particles.

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Popular Summary

Spin liquids are a topical and fascinating subject of condensed matter physics. Typically, the combination of antiferromagnetic interactions with strong frustration leads to a rich variety of highly correlated spin states rather than to conventional order. Our experiment shows the first observation of a spin liquid state whose relevant correlations are chiral in nature.

In our experiments, we find evidence of chirality in antisymmetric features seen in polarized neutrons diffusely scattered from a single crystal of YBaCo3FeO7. The scattering pattern, with its threefold symmetry, indicates the emergence of localized chiral lumps of spins in the polar crystal structure. Within the fundamental theory of magnetic ordering, we can understand how this chirality twists the spins into an inextricable structure of short-range entities that constitute a classical ground state. The surprising lack of periodic order in the ground state of a clean crystalline magnetic system is contrary to the common expectation in condensed matter physics and is thought to be possible only by quantum effects. This scenario also has a commonality with the possible behavior of subnuclear matter.

While hidden in plain sight, chirality may exist—and remains to be discovered—in many spin liquids where the spins of neighboring atoms interact via antisymmetric exchange paths.

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. X 12, 021029– Published 4 May, 2022
  • Received 14 October 2021
  • Revised 18 February 2022
  • Accepted 28 February 2022
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