Open Access

Exploring the Strong Interaction of Three-Body Systems at the LHC

S. Acharya ¹³¹, D. Adamová ⁹⁰, G. Aglieri Rinella ³⁵, M. Agnello ³², N. Agrawal ⁵⁴, Z. Ahammed ¹³⁹, S. Ahmad ¹⁶, S. U. Ahn ⁷⁵, I. Ahuja ⁴⁰ et al. (ALICE Collaboration)

I. Ahuja ⁴⁰, A. Akindinov ¹⁴⁶, M. Al-Turany ¹⁰¹, D. Aleksandrov ¹⁴⁶, B. Alessandro ⁶⁰, H. M. Alfanda ⁶, R. Alfaro Molina ⁷¹, B. Ali ¹⁶, A. Alici ²⁸, N. Alizadehvandchali ¹²⁰, A. Alkin ³⁵, J. Alme ²¹, G. Alocco ⁵⁵, T. Alt ⁶⁸, A. R. Altamura ⁵³, I. Altsybeev ⁹⁹, J. R. Alvarado ⁴⁷, M. N. Anaam ⁶, C. Andrei ⁴⁸, N. Andreou ¹¹⁹, A. Andronic ¹³⁰, V. Anguelov ⁹⁸, F. Antinori ⁵⁷, P. Antonioli ⁵⁴, N. Apadula ⁷⁸, L. Aphecetche ¹⁰⁷, H. Appelshäuser ⁶⁸, C. Arata ⁷⁷, S. Arcelli ²⁸, M. Aresti ²⁴, R. Arnaldi ⁶⁰, J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro ¹¹⁴, I. C. Arsene ²⁰, M. Arslandok ¹⁴², A. Augustinus ³⁵, R. Averbeck ¹⁰¹, M. D. Azmi ¹⁶, H. Baba¹²⁸, A. Badalà ⁵⁶, J. Bae ¹⁰⁸, Y. W. Baek ⁴³, X. Bai ¹²⁴, R. Bailhache ⁶⁸, Y. Bailung ⁵¹, A. Balbino ³², A. Baldisseri ¹³⁴, B. Balis ², D. Banerjee ^4a,4b, Z. Banoo ⁹⁵, R. Barbera ²⁹, F. Barile ^34a,34b, L. Barioglio ⁹⁹, M. Barlou⁸², B. Barman⁴⁴, G. G. Barnaföldi ⁴⁹, L. S. Barnby ⁸⁹, V. Barret ¹³¹, L. Barreto ¹¹⁴, C. Bartels ¹²³, K. Barth ³⁵, E. Bartsch ⁶⁸, N. Bastid ¹³¹, S. Basu ⁷⁹, G. Batigne ¹⁰⁷, D. Battistini ⁹⁹, B. Batyunya ¹⁴⁷, D. Bauri⁵⁰, J. L. Bazo Alba ¹⁰⁵, I. G. Bearden ⁸⁷, C. Beattie ¹⁴², P. Becht ¹⁰¹, D. Behera ⁵¹, I. Belikov ¹³³, A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria ¹³⁰, F. Bellini ²⁸, R. Bellwied ¹²⁰, S. Belokurova ¹⁴⁶, Y. A. V. Beltran ⁴⁷, G. Bencedi ⁴⁹, S. Beole ²⁷, Y. Berdnikov ¹⁴⁶, A. Berdnikova ⁹⁸, L. Bergmann ⁹⁸, M. G. Besoiu ⁶⁷, L. Betev ³⁵, P. P. Bhaduri ¹³⁹, A. Bhasin ⁹⁵, M. A. Bhat ^4a,4b, B. Bhattacharjee ⁴⁴, L. Bianchi ²⁷, N. Bianchi ⁵², J. Bielčík ³⁸, J. Bielčíková ⁹⁰, J. Biernat ¹¹¹, A. P. Bigot ¹³³, A. Bilandzic ⁹⁹, G. Biro ⁴⁹, S. Biswas ^4a,4b, N. Bize ¹⁰⁷, J. T. Blair ¹¹², D. Blau ¹⁴⁶, M. B. Blidaru ¹⁰¹, N. Bluhme⁴¹, C. Blume ⁶⁸, G. Boca ^23,58, F. Bock ⁹¹, T. Bodova ²¹, A. Bogdanov¹⁴⁶, S. Boi ²⁴, J. Bok ⁶², L. Boldizsár ⁴⁹, M. Bombara ⁴⁰, P. M. Bond ³⁵, G. Bonomi ^58,138, H. Borel ¹³⁴, A. Borissov ¹⁴⁶, A. G. Borquez Carcamo ⁹⁸, H. Bossi ¹⁴², E. Botta ²⁷, Y. E. M. Bouziani ⁶⁸, L. Bratrud ⁶⁸, P. Braun-Munzinger ¹⁰¹, M. Bregant ¹¹⁴, M. Broz ³⁸, G. E. Bruno ^34a,34b,100, M. D. Buckland ²⁶, D. Budnikov ¹⁴⁶, H. Buesching ⁶⁸, S. Bufalino ³², P. Buhler ¹⁰⁶, N. Burmasov ¹⁴⁶, Z. Buthelezi ^72,127, A. Bylinkin ²¹, S. A. Bysiak¹¹¹, M. Cai ⁶, H. Caines ¹⁴², A. Caliva ³¹, E. Calvo Villar ¹⁰⁵, J. M. M. Camacho ¹¹³, P. Camerini ²⁶, F. D. M. Canedo ¹¹⁴, S. L. Cantway ¹⁴², M. Carabas ¹¹⁷, A. A. Carballo ³⁵, F. Carnesecchi ³⁵, R. Caron ¹³², L. A. D. Carvalho ¹¹⁴, J. Castillo Castellanos ¹³⁴, F. Catalano ^27,35, C. Ceballos Sanchez ¹⁴⁷, I. Chakaberia ⁷⁸, P. Chakraborty ⁵⁰, S. Chandra ¹³⁹, S. Chapeland ³⁵, M. Chartier ¹²³, S. Chattopadhyay ¹³⁹, S. Chattopadhyay ¹⁰³, T. Cheng ^6,101, C. Cheshkov ¹³², B. Cheynis ¹³², V. Chibante Barroso ³⁵, D. D. Chinellato ¹¹⁵, E. S. Chizzali ^99,‡, J. Cho ⁶², S. Cho ⁶², P. Chochula ³⁵, D. Choudhury⁴⁴, P. Christakoglou ⁸⁸, C. H. Christensen ⁸⁷, P. Christiansen ⁷⁹, T. Chujo ¹²⁹, M. Ciacco ³², C. Cicalo ⁵⁵, F. Cindolo ⁵⁴, M. R. Ciupek¹⁰¹, G. Clai^54,§, F. Colamaria ⁵³, J. S. Colburn¹⁰⁴, D. Colella ^34a,34b,100, M. Colocci ²⁸, M. Concas ³⁵, G. Conesa Balbastre ⁷⁷, Z. Conesa del Valle ¹³⁵, G. Contin ²⁶, J. G. Contreras ³⁸, M. L. Coquet ¹³⁴, P. Cortese ^60,137, M. R. Cosentino ¹¹⁶, F. Costa ³⁵, S. Costanza ^23,58, C. Cot ¹³⁵, J. Crkovská ⁹⁸, P. Crochet ¹³¹, R. Cruz-Torres ⁷⁸, P. Cui ⁶, A. Dainese ⁵⁷, M. C. Danisch ⁹⁸, A. Danu ⁶⁷, P. Das ⁸⁴, P. Das ^4a,4b, S. Das ^4a,4b, A. R. Dash ¹³⁰, S. Dash ⁵⁰, A. De Caro ³¹, G. de Cataldo ⁵³, J. de Cuveland⁴¹, A. De Falco ²⁴, D. De Gruttola ³¹, N. De Marco ⁶⁰, C. De Martin ²⁶, S. De Pasquale ³¹, R. Deb ¹³⁸, R. Del Grande ⁹⁹, L. Dello Stritto ³¹, W. Deng ⁶, P. Dhankher ¹⁹, D. Di Bari ^34a,34b, A. Di Mauro ³⁵, B. Diab ¹³⁴, R. A. Diaz ^7,147, T. Dietel ¹¹⁸, Y. Ding ⁶, J. Ditzel ⁶⁸, R. Divià ¹⁹, D. U. Dixit ¹⁹, Ø. Djuvsland²¹, U. Dmitrieva ¹⁴⁶, A. Dobrin ⁶⁷, B. Dönigus ⁶⁸, J. M. Dubinski ¹⁴⁰, A. Dubla ¹⁰¹, S. Dudi ⁹⁴, P. Dupieux ¹³¹, M. Durkac¹¹⁰, N. Dzalaiova¹³, T. M. Eder ¹³⁰, R. J. Ehlers ⁷⁸, F. Eisenhut ⁶⁸, R. Ejima⁹⁶, D. Elia ⁵³, B. Erazmus ¹⁰⁷, F. Ercolessi ²⁸, B. Espagnon ¹³⁵, G. Eulisse ³⁵, D. Evans ¹⁰⁴, S. Evdokimov ¹⁴⁶, L. Fabbietti ⁹⁹, M. Faggin ³⁰, J. Faivre ⁷⁷, F. Fan ⁶, W. Fan ⁷⁸, A. Fantoni ⁵², M. Fasel ⁹¹, P. Fecchio³², A. Feliciello ⁶⁰, G. Feofilov ¹⁴⁶, A. Fernández Téllez ⁴⁷, L. Ferrandi ¹¹⁴, M. B. Ferrer ³⁵, A. Ferrero ¹³⁴, C. Ferrero ^60,∥, A. Ferretti ²⁷, V. J. G. Feuillard ⁹⁸, V. Filova ³⁸, D. Finogeev ¹⁴⁶, F. M. Fionda ⁵⁵, F. Flor ¹²⁰, A. N. Flores ¹¹², S. Foertsch ⁷², I. Fokin ⁹⁸, S. Fokin ¹⁴⁶, E. Fragiacomo ⁶¹, E. Frajna ⁴⁹, U. Fuchs ³⁵, N. Funicello ³¹, C. Furget ⁷⁷, A. Furs ¹⁴⁶, T. Fusayasu ¹⁰², J. J. Gaardhøje ⁸⁷, M. Gagliardi ²⁷, A. M. Gago ¹⁰⁵, T. Gahlaut⁵⁰, C. D. Galvan ¹¹³, D. R. Gangadharan ¹²⁰, P. Ganoti ⁸², C. Garabatos ¹⁰¹, T. García Chávez ⁴⁷, E. Garcia-Solis ⁹, C. Gargiulo ³⁵, P. Gasik ¹⁰¹, A. Gautam ¹²², M. B. Gay Ducati ⁷⁰, M. Germain ¹⁰⁷, A. Ghimouz¹²⁹, C. Ghosh¹³⁹, M. Giacalone ⁵⁴, G. Gioachin ³², P. Giubellino ^60,101, P. Giubilato ³⁰, A. M. C. Glaenzer ¹³⁴, P. Glässel ⁹⁸, E. Glimos ¹²⁶, D. J. Q. Goh⁸⁰, V. Gonzalez ¹⁴¹, M. Gorgon ², K. Goswami ⁵¹, S. Gotovac³⁶, V. Grabski ⁷¹, L. K. Graczykowski ¹⁴⁰, E. Grecka ⁹⁰, A. Grelli ⁶³, C. Grigoras ³⁵, V. Grigoriev ¹⁴⁶, S. Grigoryan ^1,147, F. Grosa ³⁵, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus ³⁵, R. Grosso ¹⁰¹, D. Grund ³⁸, N. A. Grunwald⁹⁸, G. G. Guardiano ¹¹⁵, R. Guernane ⁷⁷, M. Guilbaud ¹⁰⁷, K. Gulbrandsen ⁸⁷, T. Gündem ⁶⁸, T. Gunji ¹²⁸, W. Guo ⁶, A. Gupta ⁹⁵, R. Gupta ⁹⁵, R. Gupta ⁵¹, K. Gwizdziel ¹⁴⁰, L. Gyulai ⁴⁹, C. Hadjidakis ¹³⁵, F. U. Haider ⁹⁵, S. Haidlova ³⁸, H. Hamagaki ⁸⁰, A. Hamdi ⁷⁸, Y. Han ¹⁴³, B. G. Hanley ¹⁴¹, R. Hannigan ¹¹², J. Hansen ⁷⁹, M. R. Haque ¹⁴⁰, J. W. Harris ¹⁴², A. Harton ⁹, H. Hassan ¹²¹, D. Hatzifotiadou ⁵⁴, P. Hauer ⁴⁵, L. B. Havener ¹⁴², S. T. Heckel ⁹⁹, E. Hellbär ¹⁰¹, H. Helstrup ³⁷, M. Hemmer ⁶⁸, T. Herman ³⁸, G. Herrera Corral ⁸, F. Herrmann¹³⁰, S. Herrmann ¹³², K. F. Hetland ³⁷, B. Heybeck ⁶⁸, H. Hillemanns ³⁵, B. Hippolyte ¹³³, F. W. Hoffmann ⁷⁴, B. Hofman ⁶³, G. H. Hong ¹⁴³, M. Horst ⁹⁹, A. Horzyk ², Y. Hou ⁶, P. Hristov ³⁵, C. Hughes ¹²⁶, P. Huhn⁶⁸, L. M. Huhta ¹²¹, T. J. Humanic ⁹², A. Hutson ¹²⁰, D. Hutter ⁴¹, R. Ilkaev¹⁴⁶, H. Ilyas ¹⁴, M. Inaba ¹²⁹, G. M. Innocenti ³⁵, M. Ippolitov ¹⁴⁶, A. Isakov ^88,90, T. Isidori ¹²², M. S. Islam ¹⁰³, M. Ivanov¹³, M. Ivanov ¹⁰¹, V. Ivanov ¹⁴⁶, K. E. Iversen ⁷⁹, M. Jablonski ², B. Jacak ⁷⁸, N. Jacazio ²⁸, P. M. Jacobs ⁷⁸, S. Jadlovska¹¹⁰, J. Jadlovsky¹¹⁰, S. Jaelani ⁸⁶, C. Jahnke ¹¹⁵, M. J. Jakubowska ¹⁴⁰, M. A. Janik ¹⁴⁰, T. Janson⁷⁴, S. Ji ¹⁷, S. Jia ¹⁰, A. A. P. Jimenez ⁶⁹, F. Jonas ^91,130, D. M. Jones ¹²³, J. M. Jowett ^35,101, J. Jung ⁶⁸, M. Jung ⁶⁸, A. Junique ³⁵, A. Jusko ¹⁰⁴, J. Kaewjai¹⁰⁹, P. Kalinak ⁶⁴, A. S. Kalteyer ¹⁰¹, A. Kalweit ³⁵, V. Kaplin ¹⁴⁶, A. Karasu Uysal ^76,¶, D. Karatovic ⁹³, O. Karavichev ¹⁴⁶, T. Karavicheva ¹⁴⁶, P. Karczmarczyk ¹⁴⁰, E. Karpechev ¹⁴⁶, M. J. Karwowska ^35,140, U. Kebschull ⁷⁴, R. Keidel ¹⁴⁵, D. L. D. Keijdener⁶³, M. Keil ³⁵, B. Ketzer ⁴⁵, S. S. Khade ⁵¹, A. M. Khan ^6,124, S. Khan ¹⁶, A. Khanzadeev ¹⁴⁶, Y. Kharlov ¹⁴⁶, A. Khatun ¹²², A. Khuntia ³⁸, A. Kievsky ⁵⁹, B. Kileng ³⁷, B. Kim ¹⁰⁸, C. Kim ¹⁷, D. J. Kim ¹²¹, E. J. Kim ⁷³, J. Kim ¹⁴³, J. S. Kim ⁴³, J. Kim ⁶², J. Kim ⁷³, M. Kim ¹⁹, S. Kim ¹⁸, T. Kim ¹⁴³, K. Kimura ⁹⁶, S. Kirsch ⁶⁸, I. Kisel ⁴¹, S. Kiselev ¹⁴⁶, A. Kisiel ¹⁴⁰, J. P. Kitowski ², J. L. Klay ⁵, J. Klein ³⁵, S. Klein ⁷⁸, C. Klein-Bösing ¹³⁰, M. Kleiner ⁶⁸, T. Klemenz ⁹⁹, A. Kluge ³⁵, A. G. Knospe ¹²⁰, C. Kobdaj ¹⁰⁹, T. Kollegger¹⁰¹, A. Kondratyev ¹⁴⁷, N. Kondratyeva ¹⁴⁶, E. Kondratyuk ¹⁴⁶, J. Konig ⁶⁸, S. König ²², S. A. Konigstorfer ⁹⁹, P. J. Konopka ³⁵, G. Kornakov ¹⁴⁰, M. Korwieser ⁹⁹, S. D. Koryciak ², A. Kotliarov ⁹⁰, V. Kovalenko ¹⁴⁶, M. Kowalski ¹¹¹, V. Kozhuharov ³⁹, I. Králik ⁶⁴, A. Kravčáková ⁴⁰, L. Krcal ^35,41, M. Krivda ^64,104, F. Krizek ⁹⁰, K. Krizkova Gajdosova ³⁵, M. Kroesen ⁹⁸, M. Krüger ⁶⁸, D. M. Krupova ³⁸, E. Kryshen ¹⁴⁶, V. Kučera ⁶², C. Kuhn ¹³³, P. G. Kuijer ⁸⁸, T. Kumaoka¹²⁹, D. Kumar¹³⁹, L. Kumar ⁹⁴, N. Kumar⁹⁴, S. Kumar ^34a,34b, S. Kundu ³⁵, P. Kurashvili ⁸³, A. Kurepin ¹⁴⁶, A. B. Kurepin ¹⁴⁶, A. Kuryakin ¹⁴⁶, S. Kushpil ⁹⁰, M. J. Kweon ⁶², Y. Kwon ¹⁴³, S. L. La Pointe ⁴¹, P. La Rocca ²⁹, A. Lakrathok¹⁰⁹, M. Lamanna ³⁵, A. R. Landou ^77,119, R. Langoy ¹²⁵, P. Larionov ³⁵, E. Laudi ³⁵, L. Lautner ^35,99, R. Lavicka ¹⁰⁶, R. Lea ^58,138, H. Lee ¹⁰⁸, I. Legrand ⁴⁸, G. Legras ¹³⁰, J. Lehrbach ⁴¹, T. M. Lelek², R. C. Lemmon ⁸⁹, I. León Monzón ¹¹³, M. M. Lesch ⁹⁹, E. D. Lesser ¹⁹, P. Lévai ⁴⁹, X. Li¹⁰, J. Lien ¹²⁵, R. Lietava ¹⁰⁴, I. Likmeta ¹²⁰, B. Lim ²⁷, S. H. Lim ¹⁷, V. Lindenstruth ⁴¹, A. Lindner⁴⁸, C. Lippmann ¹⁰¹, D. H. Liu ⁶, J. Liu ¹²³, G. S. S. Liveraro ¹¹⁵, I. M. Lofnes ²¹, C. Loizides ⁹¹, S. Lokos ¹¹¹, J. Lömker ⁶³, P. Loncar ³⁶, X. Lopez ¹³¹, E. López Torres ⁷, P. Lu ^101,124, F. V. Lugo ⁷¹, J. R. Luhder ¹³⁰, M. Lunardon ³⁰, G. Luparello ⁶¹, Y. G. Ma ⁴², M. Mager ³⁵, A. Maire ¹³³, E. M. Majerz², M. V. Makariev ³⁹, M. Malaev ¹⁴⁶, G. Malfattore ²⁸, N. M. Malik ⁹⁵, Q. W. Malik²⁰, S. K. 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Muccifora ⁵², S. Muhuri ¹³⁹, J. D. Mulligan ⁷⁸, A. Mulliri ²⁴, M. G. Munhoz ¹¹⁴, R. H. Munzer ⁶⁸, H. Murakami ¹²⁸, S. Murray ¹¹⁸, L. Musa ³⁵, J. Musinsky ⁶⁴, J. W. Myrcha ¹⁴⁰, B. Naik ¹²⁷, A. I. Nambrath ¹⁹, B. K. Nandi ⁵⁰, R. Nania ⁵⁴, E. Nappi ⁵³, A. F. Nassirpour ¹⁸, A. Nath ⁹⁸, C. Nattrass ¹²⁶, M. N. Naydenov ³⁹, A. Neagu²⁰, A. Negru¹¹⁷, L. Nellen ⁶⁹, R. Nepeivoda ⁷⁹, S. Nese ²⁰, G. Neskovic ⁴¹, N. Nicassio ⁵³, B. S. Nielsen ⁸⁷, E. G. Nielsen ⁸⁷, S. Nikolaev ¹⁴⁶, S. Nikulin ¹⁴⁶, V. Nikulin ¹⁴⁶, F. Noferini ⁵⁴, S. Noh ¹², P. Nomokonov ¹⁴⁷, J. Norman ¹²³, N. Novitzky ⁹¹, P. Nowakowski ¹⁴⁰, A. Nyanin ¹⁴⁶, J. Nystrand ²¹, M. Ogino ⁸⁰, S. Oh ¹⁸, A. Ohlson ⁷⁹, A. Ohnishi ¹⁴⁴, V. A. Okorokov ¹⁴⁶, J. Oleniacz ¹⁴⁰, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva ¹²⁶, A. Onnerstad ¹²¹, C. Oppedisano ⁶⁰, A. Ortiz Velasquez ⁶⁹, J. Otwinowski ¹¹¹, M. Oya⁹⁶, K. Oyama ⁸⁰, Y. Pachmayer ⁹⁸, S. Padhan ⁵⁰, D. Pagano ^58,138, G. Paić ⁶⁹, S. Paisano-Guzmán ⁴⁷, A. Palasciano ⁵³, S. Panebianco ¹³⁴, H. Park ¹²⁹, H. Park ¹⁰⁸, J. Park ⁶², J. E. Parkkila ³⁵, Y. Patley ⁵⁰, R. N. Patra⁹⁵, B. Paul ²⁴, H. Pei ⁶, T. Peitzmann ⁶³, X. Peng ¹¹, M. Pennisi ²⁷, S. Perciballi ²⁷, D. Peresunko ¹⁴⁶, G. M. Perez ⁷, Y. Pestov¹⁴⁶, V. Petrov ¹⁴⁶, M. Petrovici ⁴⁸, R. P. Pezzi ^70,107, S. Piano ⁶¹, M. Pikna ¹³, P. Pillot ¹⁰⁷, O. Pinazza ^35,54, L. Pinsky¹²⁰, C. Pinto ⁹⁹, S. Pisano ⁵², M. Płoskoń ⁷⁸, M. Planinic⁹³, F. Pliquett⁶⁸, M. G. Poghosyan ⁹¹, B. Polichtchouk ¹⁴⁶, S. Politano ³², N. Poljak ⁹³, A. Pop ⁴⁸, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais ¹³¹, V. Pozdniakov ¹⁴⁷, I. Y. Pozos ⁴⁷, K. K. Pradhan ⁵¹, S. K. Prasad ^4a,4b, S. Prasad ⁵¹, R. Preghenella ⁵⁴, F. Prino ⁶⁰, C. A. Pruneau ¹⁴¹, I. Pshenichnov ¹⁴⁶, M. Puccio ³⁵, S. Pucillo ²⁷, Z. Pugelova¹¹⁰, S. Qiu ⁸⁸, L. Quaglia ²⁷, S. Ragoni ¹⁵, A. Rai ¹⁴², A. Rakotozafindrabe ¹³⁴, L. Ramello ^60,137, F. Rami ¹³³, T. A. Rancien⁷⁷, M. Rasa ²⁹, S. S. Räsänen ⁴⁶, R. Rath ⁵⁴, M. P. Rauch ²¹, I. Ravasenga ⁸⁸, K. F. Read ^91,126, C. Reckziegel ¹¹⁶, A. R. Redelbach ⁴¹, K. Redlich ^83,‡‡, C. A. Reetz ¹⁰¹, H. D. Regules-Medel⁴⁷, A. Rehman²¹, F. Reidt ³⁵, H. A. Reme-Ness ³⁷, Z. Rescakova⁴⁰, K. Reygers ⁹⁸, A. Riabov ¹⁴⁶, V. Riabov ¹⁴⁶, R. Ricci ³¹, M. Richter ²⁰, A. A. Riedel ⁹⁹, W. Riegler ³⁵, A. G. Riffero ²⁷, C. Ristea ⁶⁷, M. V. Rodriguez ³⁵, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi ⁴⁷, S. A. Rodríguez Ramírez ⁴⁷, K. Røed ²⁰, R. Rogalev ¹⁴⁶, E. Rogochaya ¹⁴⁷, T. S. Rogoschinski ⁶⁸, D. Rohr ³⁵, D. Röhrich ²¹, P. F. Rojas⁴⁷, S. Rojas Torres ³⁸, P. S. Rokita ¹⁴⁰, G. Romanenko ²⁸, F. Ronchetti ⁵², A. Rosano ^33,56, E. D. Rosas⁶⁹, K. Roslon ¹⁴⁰, A. Rossi ⁵⁷, A. Roy ⁵¹, S. Roy ⁵⁰, N. Rubini ²⁸, D. Ruggiano ¹⁴⁰, R. Rui ²⁶, P. G. Russek ², R. Russo ⁸⁸, A. Rustamov ⁸⁵, E. Ryabinkin ¹⁴⁶, Y. Ryabov ¹⁴⁶, A. Rybicki ¹¹¹, H. Rytkonen ¹²¹, J. Ryu ¹⁷, W. Rzesa ¹⁴⁰, O. A. M. Saarimaki ⁴⁶, S. Sadhu ^34a,34b, S. Sadovsky ¹⁴⁶, J. Saetre ²¹, K. Šafařík ³⁸, P. Saha⁴⁴, S. K. Saha ^4a,4b, S. Saha ⁸⁴, B. Sahoo ⁵⁰, B. Sahoo ⁵¹, R. Sahoo ⁵¹, S. Sahoo⁶⁵, D. Sahu ⁵¹, P. K. Sahu ⁶⁵, J. Saini ¹³⁹, K. Sajdakova⁴⁰, S. Sakai ¹²⁹, M. P. Salvan ¹⁰¹, S. Sambyal ⁹⁵, D. Samitz ¹⁰⁶, I. Sanna ^35,99, T. B. Saramela¹¹⁴, P. Sarma ⁴⁴, V. Sarritzu ²⁴, V. M. Sarti ⁹⁹, M. H. P. Sas ¹⁴², S. Sawan ⁸⁴, J. Schambach ⁹¹, H. S. Scheid ⁶⁸, C. Schiaua ⁴⁸, R. Schicker ⁹⁸, A. Schmah¹⁰¹, C. Schmidt ¹⁰¹, H. R. Schmidt⁹⁷, M. O. Schmidt ³⁵, M. Schmidt⁹⁷, N. V. Schmidt ⁹¹, A. R. Schmier ¹²⁶, R. Schotter ¹³³, A. Schröter ⁴¹, J. Schukraft ³⁵, K. Schweda ¹⁰¹, G. Scioli ²⁸, E. Scomparin ⁶⁰, J. E. Seger ¹⁵, Y. Sekiguchi¹²⁸, D. Sekihata ¹²⁸, M. Selina ⁸⁸, I. Selyuzhenkov ¹⁰¹, S. Senyukov ¹³³, J. J. Seo ^62,98, D. Serebryakov ¹⁴⁶, L. Šerkšnytė ⁹⁹, A. Sevcenco ⁶⁷, T. J. Shaba ⁷², A. Shabetai ¹⁰⁷, R. Shahoyan³⁵, A. Shangaraev ¹⁴⁶, A. Sharma⁹⁴, B. Sharma ⁹⁵, D. Sharma ⁵⁰, H. Sharma ^57,111, M. Sharma ⁹⁵, S. Sharma ⁸⁰, S. Sharma ⁹⁵, U. Sharma ⁹⁵, A. Shatat ¹³⁵, O. Sheibani¹²⁰, K. Shigaki ⁹⁶, M. Shimomura⁸¹, J. Shin¹², S. Shirinkin ¹⁴⁶, Q. Shou ⁴², Y. Sibiriak ¹⁴⁶, S. Siddhanta ⁵⁵, T. Siemiarczuk ⁸³, T. F. Silva ¹¹⁴, D. Silvermyr ⁷⁹, T. Simantathammakul¹⁰⁹, R. Simeonov ³⁹, B. Singh⁹⁵, B. Singh ⁹⁹, K. Singh ⁵¹, R. Singh ⁸⁴, R. Singh ⁹⁵, R. Singh ⁵¹, S. Singh ¹⁶, V. K. Singh ¹³⁹, V. Singhal ¹³⁹, T. Sinha ¹⁰³, B. Sitar ¹³, M. Sitta ^60,137, T. B. Skaali²⁰, G. Skorodumovs ⁹⁸, M. Slupecki ⁴⁶, N. Smirnov ¹⁴², R. J. M. Snellings ⁶³, E. H. Solheim ²⁰, J. Song ¹⁷, C. Sonnabend ^35,101, F. Soramel ³⁰, A. B. Soto-hernandez ⁹², R. Spijkers ⁸⁸, I. Sputowska ¹¹¹, J. Staa ⁷⁹, J. Stachel ⁹⁸, I. Stan ⁶⁷, P. J. Steffanic ¹²⁶, S. F. Stiefelmaier ⁹⁸, D. Stocco ¹⁰⁷, I. Storehaug ²⁰, P. Stratmann ¹³⁰, S. Strazzi ²⁸, A. Sturniolo ^33,56, C. P. Stylianidis⁸⁸, A. A. P. Suaide ¹¹⁴, C. Suire ¹³⁵, M. Sukhanov ¹⁴⁶, M. Suljic ³⁵, R. Sultanov ¹⁴⁶, V. Sumberia ⁹⁵, S. Sumowidagdo ⁸⁶, S. Swain⁶⁵, I. Szarka ¹³, M. Szymkowski ¹⁴⁰, S. F. Taghavi ⁹⁹, G. Taillepied ¹⁰¹, J. Takahashi ¹¹⁵, G. J. Tambave ⁸⁴, S. Tang ⁶, Z. Tang ¹²⁴, J. D. Tapia Takaki ¹²², N. Tapus¹¹⁷, L. A. Tarasovicova ¹³⁰, M. G. Tarzila ⁴⁸, G. F. Tassielli ^34a,34b, A. Tauro ³⁵, A. Tavira García ¹³⁵, G. Tejeda Muñoz ⁴⁷, A. Telesca ³⁵, L. Terlizzi ²⁷, C. Terrevoli ¹²⁰, S. Thakur ^4a,4b, D. Thomas ¹¹², A. Tikhonov ¹⁴⁶, A. R. Timmins ¹²⁰, M. Tkacik¹¹⁰, T. Tkacik ¹¹⁰, A. Toia ⁶⁸, R. Tokumoto⁹⁶, K. Tomohiro⁹⁶, N. Topilskaya ¹⁴⁶, M. Toppi ⁵², T. Tork ¹³⁵, V. V. Torres ¹⁰⁷, A. G. Torres Ramos ^34a,34b, A. Trifiró ^33,56, A. S. Triolo ^33,35,56, S. Tripathy ⁵⁴, T. Tripathy ⁵⁰, S. Trogolo ³⁵, V. Trubnikov ³, W. H. Trzaska ¹²¹, T. P. Trzcinski ¹⁴⁰, A. Tumkin ¹⁴⁶, R. Turrisi ⁵⁷, T. S. Tveter ²⁰, K. Ullaland ²¹, B. Ulukutlu ⁹⁹, A. Uras ¹³², G. L. Usai ²⁴, M. Vala⁴⁰, N. Valle ²³, L. V. R. van Doremalen⁶³, M. van Leeuwen ⁸⁸, C. A. van Veen ⁹⁸, R. J. G. van Weelden ⁸⁸, P. Vande Vyvre ³⁵, D. Varga ⁴⁹, Z. Varga ⁴⁹, M. Vasileiou ⁸², A. Vasiliev ¹⁴⁶, O. Vázquez Doce ⁵², O. Vazquez Rueda ¹²⁰, V. Vechernin ¹⁴⁶, E. Vercellin ²⁷, S. Vergara Limón⁴⁷, R. Verma⁵⁰, L. Vermunt ¹⁰¹, R. Vértesi ⁴⁹, M. Verweij ⁶³, L. Vickovic³⁶, Z. Vilakazi¹²⁷, O. Villalobos Baillie ¹⁰⁴, A. Villani ²⁶, A. Vinogradov ¹⁴⁶, T. Virgili ³¹, M. M. O. Virta ¹²¹, V. Vislavicius⁷⁹, M. Viviani ⁵⁹, A. Vodopyanov ¹⁴⁷, B. Volkel ³⁵, M. A. Völkl ⁹⁸, K. Voloshin¹⁴⁶, S. A. Voloshin ¹⁴¹, G. Volpe ^34a,34b, B. von Haller ³⁵, I. Vorobyev ⁹⁹, N. Vozniuk ¹⁴⁶, J. Vrláková ⁴⁰, J. Wan⁴², C. Wang ⁴², D. Wang⁴², Y. Wang ⁴², Y. Wang ⁶, A. Wegrzynek ³⁵, F. T. Weiglhofer⁴¹, S. C. Wenzel ³⁵, J. P. Wessels ¹³⁰, J. Wiechula ⁶⁸, J. Wikne ²⁰, G. Wilk ⁸³, J. Wilkinson ¹⁰¹, G. A. Willems ¹³⁰, B. Windelband ⁹⁸, M. Winn ¹³⁴, J. R. Wright ¹¹², W. Wu⁴², Y. Wu ¹²⁴, R. Xu ⁶, A. Yadav ⁴⁵, A. K. Yadav ¹³⁹, S. Yalcin ⁷⁶, Y. Yamaguchi ⁹⁶, S. Yang²¹, S. Yano ⁹⁶, Z. Yin ⁶, I.-K. Yoo ¹⁷, J. H. Yoon ⁶², H. Yu¹², S. Yuan²¹, A. Yuncu ⁹⁸, V. Zaccolo ²⁶, C. Zampolli ³⁵, F. Zanone ⁹⁸, N. Zardoshti ³⁵, A. Zarochentsev ¹⁴⁶, P. Závada ⁶⁶, N. Zaviyalov¹⁴⁶, M. Zhalov ¹⁴⁶, B. Zhang ⁶, C. Zhang ¹³⁴, L. Zhang ⁴², S. Zhang ⁴², X. Zhang ⁶, Y. Zhang¹²⁴, Z. Zhang ⁶, M. Zhao ¹⁰, V. Zherebchevskii ¹⁴⁶, Y. Zhi¹⁰, D. Zhou ⁶, Y. Zhou ⁸⁷, J. Zhu ^6,57, Y. Zhu⁶, S. C. Zugravel ⁶⁰, and N. Zurlo ^58,138 (ALICE Collaboration)

¹A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
²AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
³Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
^4aBose Institute, Department of Physics, Kolkata, India
^4bCentre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
⁵California Polytechnic State University, California, USA
⁶Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
⁷Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
⁸Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
⁹Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁰China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
¹¹China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
¹²Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
¹³Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
¹⁴COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹⁵Creighton University, Nebraska, USA
¹⁶Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
¹⁷Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
¹⁸Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁹Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
²⁰Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
²¹Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
²²Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
²³Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
²⁴Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Cagliari, Italy and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
²⁵Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Pisa, Italy and Sezione INFN, Pisa, Italy
²⁶Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Trieste, Italy and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
²⁷Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Turin, Italy and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
²⁸Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Bologna, Italy and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
²⁹Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Catania, Italy and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
³⁰Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Padova, Italy and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
³¹Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università, Salerno, Italy and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
³²Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
³³Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
^34aDipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’, Bari, Italy
^34bSezione INFN, Bari, Italy
³⁵European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
³⁶Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
³⁷Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
³⁸Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
³⁹Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
⁴⁰Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
⁴¹Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁴²Fudan University, Shanghai, China
⁴³Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
⁴⁴Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
⁴⁵Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
⁴⁶Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
⁴⁷High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
⁴⁸Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
⁴⁹HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁰Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
⁵¹Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
⁵²INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
⁵³INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
⁵⁴INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
⁵⁵INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
⁵⁶INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
⁵⁷INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
⁵⁸INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
⁵⁹INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
⁶⁰INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
⁶¹INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁶²Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
⁶³Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
⁶⁴Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Republic
⁶⁵Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶⁶Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
⁶⁷Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
⁶⁸Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁶⁹Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷⁰Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
⁷¹Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷²iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
⁷³Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
⁷⁴Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
⁷⁵Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
⁷⁶KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
⁷⁷Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
⁷⁸Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
⁷⁹Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
⁸⁰Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
⁸¹Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
⁸²National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
⁸³National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
⁸⁴National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
⁸⁵National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
⁸⁶National Research and Innovation Agency-BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁸⁷Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸⁸Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁸⁹Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
⁹⁰Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
⁹¹Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
⁹²Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
⁹³Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
⁹⁴Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁹⁵Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
⁹⁶Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
⁹⁷Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
⁹⁸Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
⁹⁹Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁰Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
¹⁰¹Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
¹⁰²Saga University, Saga, Japan
¹⁰³Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹⁰⁴School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
¹⁰⁵Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
¹⁰⁶Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
¹⁰⁷SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
¹⁰⁸Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
¹⁰⁹Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
¹¹⁰Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
¹¹¹The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
¹¹²The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
¹¹³Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
¹¹⁴Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹⁵Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
¹¹⁶Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
¹¹⁷Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
¹¹⁸University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
¹¹⁹University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
¹²⁰University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
¹²¹University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
¹²²University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹²³University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
¹²⁴University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
¹²⁵University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
¹²⁶University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹²⁷University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
¹²⁸University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
¹²⁹University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
¹³⁰Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
¹³¹Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹³²Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
¹³³Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
¹³⁴Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
¹³⁵Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
¹³⁶Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
¹³⁷Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
¹³⁸Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
¹³⁹Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹⁴⁰Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹⁴¹Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁴²Yale University, Connecticut, USA
¹⁴³Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁴⁴Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
¹⁴⁵Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany
¹⁴⁶Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
¹⁴⁷Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^†Deceased.
^‡Also at Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munich, Germany.
^§Also at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy.
^∥Also at Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
^¶Also at Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
^**Also at An institution covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^††Also at Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
^‡‡Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland.

PDF

Phys. Rev. X 14, 031051 – Published 24 September, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.031051

Abstract

Deuterons are atomic nuclei composed of a neutron and a proton held together by the strong interaction. Unbound ensembles composed of a deuteron and a third nucleon have been investigated in the past using scattering experiments, and they constitute a fundamental reference in nuclear physics to constrain nuclear interactions and the properties of nuclei. In this work, $K^{+} − d$ and $p − d$ femtoscopic correlations measured by the ALICE Collaboration in proton-proton ( $p p$ ) collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented. It is demonstrated that correlations in momentum space between deuterons and kaons or protons allow us to study three-hadron systems at distances comparable with the proton radius. The analysis of the $K^{+} − d$ correlation shows that the relative distances at which deuterons and protons or kaons are produced are around 2 fm. The analysis of the $p − d$ correlation shows that only a full three-body calculation that accounts for the internal structure of the deuteron can explain the data. In particular, the sensitivity of the observable to the short-range part of the interaction is demonstrated. These results indicate that correlations involving light nuclei in $p p$ collisions at the LHC will also provide access to any three-body system in the strange and charm sectors.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Hadron-hadron interactions

Popular Summary

Three-body nuclear systems are key to many aspects of modern nuclear physics, such as understanding the equation of state of high-density nuclear matter and the composition of neutron star cores. In particular, scattering data from deuterons (bound proton-neutron pairs) and hadrons offer important ingredients for constraining parameters of nuclear interactions. Here, we show that such three-body nuclear reactions can be investigated via hadron-deuteron correlations in momentum space at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

Using data from proton-proton collisions at the LHC, our comparison of momentum correlations between deuterons and either kaons or protons demonstrates that such measurements are sensitive to the short-range interactions within the kaon-deuteron and proton-deuteron systems. In the case of the correlations between kaons and deuterons, they can be described using an effective two-body model. An excellent description of the measured kaon-deuteron correlation function establishes that the deuteron follows a source-size scaling that is to other hadron-hadron pairs. However, for the proton-deuteron correlations, effective two-body models do not suffice. Detailed, cutting-edge calculations that consider the intricate dynamics of a three-nucleon system and the short distance features of the interaction are required.

Our result establishes a new experimental method to study the dynamics and forces of three-body nuclear systems with precision. Indeed, given the copious production of strange and charm particles at the nuclear collisions at the LHC, the presented method sets the stage for the study of three-body forces in systems with strangeness and charm in a direct way.

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. X 14, 031051– Published 24 September, 2024

Vol. 14, Iss. 3 — July - September 2024

Received 22 February 2024
Revised 31 May 2024
Accepted 26 July 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.031051

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Physical Review X

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Exploring the Strong Interaction of Three-Body Systems at the LHC

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