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Effective Ionic Valence and Local Magnetic Moment in Kagome Superconductors

Ruoshi Jiang1,2, Zi-Jian Lang1, Yuzki Oey3, Andrea Capa Salinas3, Stephen D. Wilson3, Yongwei Li4, Ilya Shipulin5,4, Yiwen Zhang4, Deng Hu6 et al.

Zhiwei Wang6,7, Hans-Henning Klauss8, Zurab Guguchia9, Vadim Grinenko4,†, and Wei Ku1,10,11,*

  • *Contact author: weiku@sjtu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: vadim.grinenko@sjtu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. X 16, 031064 – Published 10 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t5nf-jksr

Abstract

In order to understand the unexpected similarity and the correlated behavior in kagome superconductor families AV3Sb5 (A=K,Rb,Cs) and ATi3Bi5 (A=Rb,Cs), we investigate the Hartree-scale local electronic structure of these systems. Our result indicates that V and Ti ions are both of 2+ valence such that the corresponding itinerant carrier densities are similar, and the difference in electron count is instead reflected in their quantum fluctuating ionic magnetic moments. However, due to the frustrated lattice geometry of these materials, such local moments are difficult to experimentally observe via standard probes. For verification, we systematically introduce nonmagnetic Sn impurities to locally relieve the geometric frustration and experimentally demonstrate the existence of well-defined local magnetic moments via magnetic susceptibility and muon spin rotation or relaxation (μSR) measurements. All experiments discover a systematic increase of magnetic susceptibility upon increasing nonmagnetic impurity level. Our discovered ionic moments suggest a paradigm shift from the existing itinerant carrier-only picture to one incorporating strong correlation from local ionic spins. The associated interatomic and local-itinerant correlations offer a solid ground for the emergence of the observed rich correlated behavior in this new family of superconducting materials.

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Popular Summary

The current interpretation of the magnetic properties of kagome superconductors mainly relies on low-energy itinerant carriers. We show using a combination of experiments and theory that, contrary to common belief, local moments of transition metal ions play an essential role in the electronic properties despite being hidden by the geometric frustration of the kagome lattice. We believe this work changes the current paradigm for the magnetism of kagome superconductors, demanding a revision of the physical understanding of the properties of these materials.

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Phys. Rev. X 16, 031064– Published 10 September, 2026
  • Received 13 April 2025
  • Accepted 21 July 2026
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