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  • Featured in Physics
  • Open Access

Ultrastrong Unconventional Spin Current via Noncollinear Spin-Orbit Filtering

Hongliang Chen1,*, Zi-An Wang2,3,*, Xingguo Gao4, Hang Zhou2,3, Jiaxin Chen1, Chang Pan5, Lizhu Ren6, Qia Shen1, Zhenyi Zheng7 et al.

Dandan Guan1,8, Xiaoxue Liu1,8, Shiyong Wang1,8, Yaoyi Li1,8, Hao Zheng1,8, Canhua Liu1,8, Yumeng Yang9, Xuepeng Qiu5, Guowei Zhou4, Jingsheng Chen7, Jinfeng Jia1,8, Ding-Fu Shao2,†, and Liang Liu1,8,‡

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: dfshao@issp.ac.cn
  • ‡Contact author: liul21@sjtu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. X 16, 031060 – Published 3 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gzp7-1nvx

Abstract

Spin-orbitronics harnesses spin-orbit coupling to generate pure spin currents for energy-efficient information processing, particularly through the spin-orbit torque (SOT) that drives magnetization switching. However, achieving efficient SOT switching of perpendicular magnetization, which is crucial for high-density applications, remains challenging due to the difficulty in generating spin currents with both high conductivity and out-of-plane polarization in conventional, industry-compatible spin sources, such as heavy metals. Here, we overcome this limitation by demonstrating a noncollinear spin-orbit filtering effect at the surface termination of conventional spin sources. This effect selectively transmits electrons based on the relative alignment between their spin vectors and the interfacial Rashba-Edelstein field. By implementing this strategy in platinum (Pt) epitaxial films with (n10) orientations (n=2–4), we achieve exceptionally strong z-polarized spin currents. The resulting out-of-plane spin Hall conductivity reaches a record value of 0.75×105 (ħ/2e)  Ω−1 m−1, surpassing all previous approaches, and enables robust field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization. Notably, the field-free switching is precisely controlled by engineering the crystal point group symmetry from C1v to C4v. Our work establishes a general framework for transforming conventional high-symmetry materials into out-of-plane spin sources, paving the way for highly efficient and scalable spintronic memory technology.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

A Quantum Filter for Improved Spintronics

Published 3 September, 2026

A precisely engineered material interface can host the spin currents needed for practical spin-based electronics.

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Popular Summary

Controlling magnetism using electrically generated electron spins is a central goal in spintronics, but conventional heavy metals like platinum possess strict structural symmetries that prevent them from generating the out-of-plane spin polarizations required for field-free magnetization switching. We addressed this fundamental limitation by implementing an interfacial quantum mechanism termed noncollinear spin-orbit filtering. By designing a structurally asymmetric interface in platinum, we created a quantum filter that transmits conduction electrons based on the alignment between their spin orientation and a local interfacial field. We found that this filtering mechanism breaks the conventional bulk symmetry constraints, efficiently generating a strong out-of-plane spin current that enables deterministic magnetization switching without any external magnetic field. These results demonstrate that interfacial engineering can transform a canonical material into an unconventional spin source. Our work establishes a scalable pathway for designing energy-efficient, high-density magnetic memory components using common metals

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Phys. Rev. X 16, 031060– Published 3 September, 2026
  • Received 15 November 2025
  • Revised 2 May 2026
  • Accepted 29 June 2026
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