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Excitations across the Equilibrium and Photoinduced “Hidden” States of Magnetoresistive Manganites

Shiyu Fan1,*, Feng Jin2,3, Taehun Kim1, Umesh Kumar4,12, Zixun Zhang2, Vivek Bhartiya1, Jiemin Li1, Brandon Yalin1, Yanhong Gu1 et al.

Mingqiang Gu5, Wen Hu1, Claudio Mazzoli1, G. Lawrence Carr1, Osor S. Barišić6, Andrey S. Mishchenko6,7, Valentina Bisogni1, Sobhit Singh8,9, Wenbin Wu2,10,11, and Jonathan Pelliciari1,†

  • *Contact author: sfan1@bnl.gov
  • †Contact author: pelliciari@bnl.gov
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Phys. Rev. X 16, 021018 – Published 23 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/24wn-q427

Abstract

“Hidden” phases, generated using ultrafast laser pulses (few hundred femtoseconds), with distinct properties than at the thermodynamic equilibrium, are appealing for technologies, as they can be long-lived, with a lifetime of hours or weeks, and reversible with temperature sweeping or extra pulses. In this regard, La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO) stands out due to its tunability through epitaxial strain, which can drive the bulk ferromagnetic metal into an antiferromagnetic insulator (AFI), and its susceptibility to photoinduced transitions. Indeed, AFI LCMO displays a long-lived photoinduced transition into a putative hidden phase whose exact nature and excitations are still largely unknown. Here, we combine ultrafast photoexcitation in the near infrared with in situ transport, x-ray absorption, and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to investigate the excitations (polarons, phonons, and orbital) of the photoexcited phase of LCMO and contrast them with the thermodynamic phases achieved through strain and temperature. In the thermodynamic regime, we establish the correlation between polarons and transport placing them in the “strong coupling” regime of the Holstein model. Upon photoexcitation of LCMO-AFI, we uncover a long-lived phase characterized by the softening of the polaron excitations, the partial suppression of the Jahn-Teller distortion, and nearly unchanged phonons, showing the emergence of a photoexcited state absent in the equilibrium phase diagram. Finally, by varying temperature, epitaxial strain, and photoexcitation fluence, we construct a polaron phase diagram and identify the key spectroscopic signatures of each phase. Our laser-RIXS approach establishes a versatile platform for exploring photoinduced hidden phases in quantum materials in nonstroboscopic conditions.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Corrections

10 July, 2026

Correction: The omission of a funding statement in the Acknowledgments section has been rectified.

Popular Summary

Exploring metastable “hidden” phases that are inaccessible at thermodynamic equilibrium is a central challenge in condensed matter physics enabling the exploration of an extended phase diagram. By using ultrafast laser pulses to create a metastable hidden phase in the manganite La2/3Ca1/3MnO3, we investigate its electronic properties with high-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Our experiments identified distinct polaronic and phononic excitations distinct from any equilibrium state reached by varying temperature or strain. We utilized complementary x-ray absorption spectroscopy to link these excitations to specific local lattice distortions, revealing the fundamental coupling between charge and structure in this photoinduced state. These results demonstrate that ultrafast excitation can generate entirely new electronic phases with long lifetimes. Our work provides a microscopic framework for investigating light-induced phenomena and offers a path for engineering functional quantum materials through light-driven pathways.

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Phys. Rev. X 16, 021018– Published 23 April, 2026
  • Received 10 July 2025
  • Revised 30 December 2025
  • Accepted 23 March 2026
  • Corrected 10 July 2026
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