The prediction of quantum dynamical responses lies at the heart of modern physics. Yet, modeling these time-dependent behaviors remains a formidable challenge because quantum systems evolve in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces, often rendering traditional numerical methods computationally prohibitive. While large language models have achieved remarkable success in sequential prediction, quantum dynamics presents a fundamentally different challenge: forecasting the entire temporal evolution of quantum systems rather than merely the next element in a sequence. Existing neural architectures such as recurrent and convolutional networks often require vast training datasets and suffer from spurious oscillations that compromise physical interpretability. In this work, we introduce an approach: Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (KANs) augmented with physics-informed loss functions that enforce the Ehrenfest theorems. Our method achieves superior accuracy with significantly less training data: It requires only $5.4\%$ of the samples (200) compared to temporal convolution networks (3700). We further introduce the chain of KANs, an architecture that embeds temporal causality directly into the model design, making it particularly well suited for time series modeling. Our results demonstrate that physics-informed KANs offer a compelling advantage over conventional black-box models, maintaining both mathematical rigor and physical consistency while dramatically reducing data requirements.

We present the ultrafast dynamics of the interaction between a high-intensity extreme contrast (expected to be around $\sim {10}^{-18}$ at hundreds of picoseconds timescale) femtosecond laser and a solid. Simultaneous measurements of probe Doppler spectrometry and reflectivity in pump-probe experiments reveal the presence of extreme pressure in the solid density region, which triggers a long-lived ($\sim 15$ ps) strong inward shock. Hydrodynamic simulations accurately replicate these observations, providing a detailed explanation of the underlying physics.

High-energy ion irradiation deposits extreme energy in a narrow range (∼1–10 nm) along ion trajectories in solid through electronic energy loss, producing unique irradiation effects such as ion tracks. However, intrinsic velocity effects impose an upper limit on electronic energy loss that cannot be overcome by adjusting irradiation parameters. We introduce a method using electric fields during irradiation to enhance nanoscale energy deposition by accelerating ion-excited electrons within subpicosecond timescales. Our extended field-enhanced thermal spike model quantitatively describes this enhancement and predicts a significant reduction in the electronic energy loss required for ion track formation in amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_2$, which is in excellent agreement with experimental observations. This work provides an approach to control energy deposition during irradiation and boosts the wide application of ion tracks in material modification and nanoengineering to much broader extents.

Equilibrium molecular dynamical simulations are performed to investigate the isomorphic properties of the supercritical liquidlike to gaslike transition in Yukawa fluids. From the calculated Pearson correlation coefficient $R$, the isomorph theory is always applicable in both the liquidlike and gaslike states of Yukawa systems, so that the Frenkel line is also an isomorphic curve, as discussed here. Based on the isomorph theory, it is proposed that the height of the first peak of the radial distribution function $g\left(r_{\mathrm{fp}}\right)$ can be used as a convenient and sensitive criterion of the Frenkel line, which is $g\left(r_{\mathrm{fp}}\right)=1.2$ for two-dimensional and $g\left(r_{\mathrm{fp}}\right)=1.14$ for three-dimensional Yukawa fluids. This criterion of the Frenkel line from $g\left(r_{\mathrm{fp}}\right)$ well agrees with the widely accepted condition of $C_{\mathrm{T}}/v_{\mathrm{th}}=\sqrt{2}$ for the supercritical transition, as well as the equivalent of the reduced instantaneous shear modulus $G_{\infty }/n{k}_{\mathrm{B}}T=2$. The criterion of $g\left(r_{\mathrm{fp}}\right)$ provides a convenient method to identify the supercritical transition of dusty plasmas or Yukawa fluids, which may be extended to other physical systems.

The scaling behavior of fully flexible elastic tethered surfaces has been debated for decades. Some theories predict that self-avoiding surfaces would crumple in the absence of bending rigidity, while most simulations suggested that they would remain flat. Recent simulations on ideal membranes with lattice perforations suggest that systematically removing surface area from a membrane may provide an alternative way to crumpling self-avoiding surfaces. We perform extensive numerical simulations of two models of fully flexible elastic tethered surfaces in which self-avoidance can be systematically and continuously tuned to the ideal limit. We show that in the thermodynamic limit, these surfaces remain flat with a size exponent $\nu =1$ for any finite degree of self-avoidance, with or without membrane perforations.

We propose a scalable qudit-based quantum processor using rotational states of polar molecules. Previously, molecular internal states were used to enlarge Hilbert space, whereas our approach uses optical tweezer arrays to achieve scalable architectures with exponential state-space growth without increasing qudit dimensionality $d$. Entangling gates are implemented by adiabatically bringing traps together to activate dipole-dipole interactions. We develop encoding schemes mapping single qubits into qudits with $2\le d\le 5$ and pairs of qubits into $d=4,5$ qudits, enabling universal set of quantum gates. Additional levels in $d=3$ and $d=5$ qudits simplify multiqubit gate decompositions. We analyze experimental parameters for SrF and NaCs molecules. This approach provides a promising route to scalable quantum information processing with multilevel systems using existing experimental platforms.

Input-output theory is a well-known tool in quantum optics and ubiquitous in the description of quantum systems probed by light. Owing to the generality of the setup it describes, the theory finds application in a wide variety of experiments in circuit and cavity QED. We present an approach to input-output theory using the Schwinger-Keldysh path integral formalism that gives us direct access to the full output field statistics such as the first- and second-order coherence functions. By making the rich toolbox of nonequilibrium quantum field theory accessible, our formalism greatly simplifies the treatment of nonlinear systems and provides a uniform way of obtaining perturbative results. We showcase this particular strength by computing the output field statistics of a Kerr nonlinear oscillator at finite temperatures through the use of diagrams and diagram summation techniques. We find a reduction in reflection that is not due to photon leakage but rather associated to the squeezing of the output light.

We show that globally coupled phase oscillators inherently possess a phase frustration when four-body interactions are considered. This intrinsic frustration arises when oscillators have asymmetric distributions of initial conditions spanning across multiple fixed points. Moreover, when the frequency distribution is bimodal, the two groups of oscillators may evolve toward distinct macroscopic dynamical behaviors, with one group being synchronized and the other remaining asynchronous. This constitutes a mechanism for the emergence of chimera states, and one that is specifically characteristic of higher-order interactions.

This work demonstrates high-repetition-rate laser-driven ion acceleration utilizing optically shaped gaseous targets. The optical shaping is achieved via dual, intersecting, counterpropagating laser-generated blast waves that precisely shape the underdense gas into long-lived, controlled, and reproducible near-critical density targets. The compressed target persists for several nanoseconds, time long enough to allow for the excellent synchronization between the target and the main accelerating femtosecond laser beam. Measurements of multi-MeV ion energy spectra are presented. Three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations are used to optimize the density profile and assess the influence of the amplified spontaneous emission of the femtosecond accelerating laser pulse. A synthetic optical probing model is applied to directly compare simulations with experimental data. 3D particle-in-cell simulations reveal the formation of multi-kT, azimuthal magnetic fields, strongly suggesting magnetic vortex acceleration as the main acceleration mechanism.

We investigated electron-nuclear spin entanglement in the paramagnetic ground state of the Ho-based cubic compound ${\mathrm{HoCo}}_2{\mathrm{Zn}}_{20}$. From analyses of magnetization and specific heat data, we determined the cubic crystalline electric field (CEF) parameters, the magnetic exchange constant, and the hyperfine coupling constant between the $4f$ magnetic moment and the ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$ nuclear spin. Our results show that the ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_5$ CEF ground state is split by the hyperfine coupling, with an energy width of 1.3 K at 0 T, and that the true paramagnetic ground state is a quasisextet arising primarily from entanglement between the $f$-electron effective spin $S=1$ and the ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$ nuclear spin $I=7/2$. We further demonstrate that, depending on the CEF parameters, the paramagnetic ground state can switch to an electron-nuclear coupled dectet. These findings underscore the importance of accurately identifying the electron-nuclear level scheme for understanding the low-temperature properties of rare-earth compounds containing spin-active nuclei.

${\mathrm{UCd}}_{11}$ is an antiferromagnetic uranium intermetallic compound ($T_{\mathrm{N}}=5.3\mathrm{K}$) with enhanced electron mass and uranium-uranium spacings nearly twice the Hill limit, suggesting a weakly hybridized $5f$ electronic character. Various x-ray spectroscopy techniques indicate that uranium in ${\mathrm{UCd}}_{11}$ adopts the formal ${\mathrm{U}}^{3+}5f^3$ configuration, while core-level photoemission spectroscopy (PES) data of ${\mathrm{UCd}}_{11}$ reveal only a weak satellite feature, typically interpreted as a signature of itinerancy. In this work, we present density functional theory (DFT) combined with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations of ${\mathrm{UCd}}_{11}$, using material-specific parameters tuned to reproduce valence-band PES spectra at different photon energies, thereby exploiting the energy dependence of photoionization cross sections. Our results demonstrate that ${\mathrm{UCd}}_{11}$ is a highly localized uranium $5f^3$ system. Furthermore, core-level spectra obtained from a $\mathrm{DFT}+\mathrm{DMFT}$ Anderson impurity model reveal that, contrary to common assumptions, the presence or absence of satellite structures is not a reliable indicator of strong correlations or itinerant $5f$ behavior.

Decoherence in quantum devices, such as qubits and resonators, is often caused by bistable fluctuators modeled as random telegraph noise (RTN), leading to significant dephasing. We analyze the impact of individual and multiple fluctuators on a bosonic mode in continuous variable systems, identifying non-Markovian behavior governed by two timescales: the switching rate ($\xi$) and the coupling strength ($\nu$) of the fluctuator. Using the Breuer-Laine-Piilo trace-distance measure, we characterize non-Markovianity for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian states, revealing that for rotation-symmetric bosonic (RSB) codes, known for their error-correction advantages, the measure grows linearly with code symmetry and can become unbounded. We evaluate the performance of these RSB codes under simultaneous loss and RTN dephasing. For a teleportation-based Knill error-correction circuit, the codes perform robustly in the Markovian limit. In the non-Markovian regime, the performance depends nontrivially on the time at which the error correction is performed. The average gate fidelity of the error-corrected state in this case exhibits oscillations as a function of time due to the oscillatory nature of the dephasing function of the RTN noise; however, for most of the parameter ranges, the values stay beyond the breakeven point. Extending to multiple fluctuators that produce $1/f$ noise, we observe that non-Markovianity decays with increasing fluctuator count, while the performance of RSB codes remains effective with increasing number of fluctuators.

Solving partial differential equations across multiple length scales represents a formidable challenge where reaching high precision can require a prohibitive amount of computer memory or computing time. However, the solutions to physics problems typically have structures operating on different length scales, and as a result exhibit a high degree of compressibility. Here, we use the quantics tensor train representation to build a tensor network solver for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We demonstrate that the quantics approach generalizes well to the presence of the nonlinear term in the equation. We show that we can resolve phenomena across length scales separated by seven orders of magnitude in one dimension within one hour on a single core in a laptop, greatly surpassing the capabilities of more naive methods. We illustrate our methodology with various modulated optical trap potentials presenting features at vastly different length scales, including solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation on two-dimensional grids above a trillion points ($2^{20}\times 2^{20}$). This quantum-inspired methodology can be readily extended to other partial differential equations combining spatial and temporal evolutions, providing a powerful method to solve highly featured differential equations at unprecedented length scales.

Using an ultracold gas of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}{}^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ molecules, we perform hyperfine-resolved spectroscopy of transitions from the vibronic ground state to the lowest rovibrational states of the electronic state $\mathrm{b}{}^3{\mathrm{\Pi }}_0$ as a function of magnetic field. These transitions are spin forbidden, resulting in narrow linewidths, and feature near-diagonal Franck-Condon factors. We develop a model of the hyperfine and Zeeman structure that includes coupling between the $0^{+}$ and $0^{-}$ components of $\mathrm{b}{}^3{\mathrm{\Pi }}_0$. We fit the spectra to obtain rotational and hyperfine coupling constants. We measure transition dipole moments associated with specific transitions by directly observing Rabi oscillations as a function of a resonant laser pulse duration. Using resonant $\pi$ pulses, we prepare molecules in the electronically excited state and directly measure the spontaneous emission rate.

The recent introduction of recovery rheology has provided qualitatively new physical insights into the yielding and flow of soft matter systems across diverse mechanically driven nonequilibrium protocols by separating the deformation strain into recoverable and unrecoverable components. A striking finding is that the fluidlike response associated with the gradually increasing unrecoverable strain ultimately leads to the continuous yielding transition from a solid to a liquid. We build on the force and particle level Elastically Collective Nonlinear Langevin equation theory of activated dynamics within a nonequilibrium microrheological framework to formulate a general statistical mechanical foundation of step-rate start-up shear response that relates recovery rheology to microscopic structure, relaxation, and elasticity. Quantitative applications to metastable hard and soft sphere colloidal suspensions reveal testable predictions and interconnections between macroscopic and microscopic properties: (1) the steady-state recoverable strain is directly related to the steady-state shear thinning; (2) the transient stress overshoot amplitude varies nonmonotonically with packing fraction and is quantitatively linked to the steady-state recoverable strain; (3) the acquired unrecoverable strain dictates the stress overshoot strain; and (4) the predicted enormous reduction of the structural relaxation time under deformation is inversely related to the unrecoverable strain rate.