Many excited states in the hadron spectrum have large branching ratios to three-hadron final states. Understanding such particles from first principles QCD requires input from lattice QCD with one-, two-, and three-meson interpolators as well as a reliable three-body formalism relating finite-volume spectra at unphysical pion mass values to the scattering amplitudes at the physical point. In this work, we provide the first-ever calculation of the resonance parameters of the $\omega$ meson from lattice QCD, including an update of the formalism through matching to effective field theories. The main result of this pioneering study, the pole position of the $\omega$ meson at $\sqrt{s_{\omega }}=(778.0(11.2)-i3.0(5))\mathrm{MeV}$, agrees reasonably well with experiment. In addition we provide an estimate of the $\omega -\rho$ mass difference as 29(15) MeV.

In this Letter, we perform fits to $B\to PP$ decays, where $B=\{B^0,B^{+},B_s^0\}$ and the pseudoscalar $P=\{\pi ,K\}$, under the assumption of flavor SU(3) symmetry [${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_F$]. Although the fits to $\mathrm{\Delta }S=0$ or $\mathrm{\Delta }S=1$ decays individually are good, the combined fit is very poor: there is a $3.6\sigma$ disagreement with the ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_F$ limit of the standard model (${\mathrm{SM}}_{{\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{\mathrm{F}}}$). One can remove this discrepancy by adding ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_F$-breaking effects, but 1000% ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_F$ breaking is required. The above results are rigorous, group theoretically—no dynamical assumptions have been made. When one adds an assumption motivated by QCD factorization, the discrepancy with the ${\mathrm{SM}}_{{\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{\mathrm{F}}}$ grows to $4.4\sigma$.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spans diverse fields from biology to quantum science. Employing NMR on a floating object could unveil novel possibilities beyond conventional operational paradigms. Here, we observe NMR within a levitating microdiamond using the nuclear spins of nitrogen-14 atoms. By tightly confining the angular degrees of freedom of the diamond in a Paul trap, we achieve efficient hyperfine interaction between optically polarized electronic spins of nitrogen-vacancy centers and the ${}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ nuclear spin, enabling nuclear spin polarization and quantum state readout revealing coherence times up to hundreds of microseconds. This represents the longest recorded spin coherence time in a levitated system, surpassing previous records by 3 orders of magnitude. Our results offer promise for various applications, including cooling macroscopic particles to their motional ground state and exploring geometric phases for gyroscopy.

A uniform solidification front undergoes nontrivial deformations when encountering an insoluble dispersed particle in a melt. For solid particles, the overall deformation characteristics are primarily dictated by heat transfer between the particle and the surrounding, remaining unaffected by the rate of approach of the solidification front. In this Letter we show that, conversely, when interacting with a droplet or a bubble, the deformation behavior exhibits entirely different and unexpected behavior. It arises from an interfacial dynamics which is specific to particles with free interfaces, namely, thermal Marangoni forces. Our Letter employs a combination of experiments, theory, and numerical simulations to investigate the interaction between the droplet and the freezing front and unveils its surprising behavior. In particular, we quantitatively understand the dependence of the front deformation $\mathrm{\Delta }$ on the front propagation velocity, set by the strength of the applied thermal gradient, which, for larger front velocities (larger applied thermal gradients), can even revert from attraction ($\mathrm{\Delta }<0$) to repulsion ($\mathrm{\Delta }>0$).

Oscillatory kinetics coupled to diffusion can produce traveling waves as observed in physical, chemical, and biological systems. We show experimentally that the properties of such waves can be controlled by fluid stretching and compression in a hyperbolic flow. Localized packet waves consisting in a train of parallel waves can develop due to a balance between diffusive broadening and advective compression along the unstable manifold. At a given distance from the stagnation point, the parallel waves transform into planelike waves and smeared waves where the transverse parabolic flow profile disturbs the patterns in the gap width. Once a wave packet has been obtained, it imprints a privileged direction that is maintained even if the compression rate is decreased. The width of the wave packet then scales inversely with the compression rate.

Quantitative simulation of electronic structure of solids requires treating local and nonlocal electron correlations on an equal footing. We present a new ab initio formulation of Green’s function embedding which, unlike dynamical mean-field theory that uses noninteracting bath, derives bath representation with general two-particle interactions in a systematically improvable manner. The resulting interacting-bath dynamical embedding theory (ibDET) utilizes an efficient real-axis coupled-cluster solver to compute the self-energy, approaching the full system limit at much reduced cost. When combined with the $GW$ theory, $GW+\mathrm{ibDET}$ achieves good agreement with experimental spectral properties across a range of semiconducting, insulating, and metallic materials. Our approach also enables quantifying the role of nonlocal electron correlation in determining material properties and addressing the long-standing debate on the bandwidth narrowing of metallic sodium.

We demonstrate that chiral response can be achieved in resonant metasurfaces with a monoclinic lattice symmetry (the so-called Bravais oblique lattices) where the mirror symmetry is broken by the lattice asymmetry and also by a substrate, whereas each individual meta-atom remains fully achiral. We describe the underlying physics by introducing a mode chirality parameter as a quantitative measure of the lattice chiral eigenmodes. We confirm experimentally selective linear and nonlinear chiral interaction of resonant silicon metasurfaces with circularly polarized light.

Thermal spectra of correlation functions in holographic 3D large-$N$ conformal field theories (CFTs) correspond to quasinormal modes of classical gravity and other fields in asymptotically anti–de Sitter black hole spacetimes. Using general properties of such spectra along with constraints imposed by the $S$ duality (or the particle-vortex duality), we derive a spectral duality relation that all such spectra must obey. Its form is universal and relates infinite products over QNMs with bulk algebraically special frequencies. In the process, we also derive a new sum rule constraining products over QNMs. The spectral duality relation, which imposes an infinite set of constraints on the QNMs, is then investigated and a number of well-known holographic examples that demonstrate its validity are examined. Our results also allow us to understand several new aspects of the pole-skipping phenomenon.

The nonrelativistic spin-splitting (NRSS) of electronic bands in “altermagnets” has sparked renewed interest in antiferromagnets (AFMs) that have no net magnetization. However, altermagnets with collinear and compensated magnetism are not the only type of NRSS AFMs. In this Letter, we identify the symmetry conditions and characteristic signatures of a distinct group of NRSS AFMs that go beyond the description of altermagnets. These compounds exhibit a broken spin degeneracy among the spin-polarized bands at the $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ point in the absence of spin-orbit coupling. We use density functional theory calculations to validate these models in ternary magnetic nitrides, specifically ${\mathrm{MnXN}}_2$ ($\mathrm{X}=\mathrm{Si}$, Ge, Sn), and their cation ordered variants. By removing the previous spin degenerate constraint at $\mathrm{\Gamma }$, these compounds may facilitate the generation of spin currents without cancellation arising from the alternating spin polarizations. Our findings expand the scope of NRSS eligible materials.

We identify a recently proposed shifting operation on classical phase space as a gauge transformation for statistical mechanical microstates. The infinitesimal generators of the continuous gauge group form a noncommutative Lie algebra, which induces exact sum rules when thermally averaged. Gauge invariance with respect to finite shifting is demonstrated via Monte Carlo simulation in the transformed phase space which generates identical equilibrium averages. Our results point toward a deeper basis of statistical mechanics than previously known, and they offer avenues for systematic construction of exact identities and of sampling algorithms.

The model explaining the spectral “zebra” pattern of the high-frequency interpulse (HFIP) of the Crab pulsar radio emission is proposed. The observed emission bands are diffraction fringes in the spectral domain. The pulsar’s own plasma-filled magnetosphere plays a role of a frequency-dependent “diffraction screen.” The observed features such as the proportional band spacing, high polarization, constant position angle, and others are explained. The model allows one to perform “tomography” of the pulsar magnetosphere. Indeed, we have obtained the plasma density profile directly from observations, without assuming a particular magnetosphere. Our model is testable and several predictions are made. The two “high-frequency components” observed at the same frequencies as the HFIP are proposed to be related to HFIP.

We introduce a universal methodology for generating and manipulating altermagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) magnetic Van der Waals (MvdW) materials through twisting. We find that a key in-plane twofold rotational operation can be achieved in a twisted bilayer of any 2D MvdW material, which takes one of all five 2D Bravais lattices, thereby inducing altermagnetism. By choosing the constituent MvdW monolayer with specific symmetry, our approach can tailor altermagnetism of any type, such as $d$ wave, $g$ wave, and $i$ wave. Furthermore, the properties of our twisted altermagnetic materials can be easily engineered. Taking a transition-metal oxyhalide VOBr as an example, we find that by tuning the twist angle and Fermi level, a giant spin Hall angle can be obtained, much larger than the experimentally reported. This approach establishes a general, robust, and adjustable platform to explore altermagnetism and provides a new efficient way to generate and manipulate the spin current.

This Letter presents the result of a $3+1$ sterile neutrino search using 10.7 yr of IceCube data. We analyze atmospheric muon neutrinos that traverse the Earth with energies ranging from 0.5 to 100 TeV, incorporating significant improvements in modeling neutrino flux and detector response compared to earlier studies. Notably, for the first time, we categorize data into starting and throughgoing events, distinguishing neutrino interactions with vertices inside or outside the instrumented volume, to improve energy resolution. The best-fit point for a $3+1$ model is found to be at ${\sin }^2(2{\theta }_{24})=0.16$ and $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{41}^2=3.5{\mathrm{eV}}^2$, which agrees with previous iterations of this Letter. The result is consistent with the null hypothesis of no sterile neutrinos with a $p$ value of 3.1%.

Strongly driven nonlinear optical processes such as spontaneous parametric down-conversion and spontaneous four-wave mixing can produce multiphoton nonclassical beams of light which have applications in quantum information processing and sensing. In contrast to the low-gain regime, new physical effects arise in a high-gain regime due to the interactions between the nonclassical light and the strong pump driving the nonlinear process. Here, we describe and experimentally observe a gain-induced group delay between the multiphoton pulses generated in a high-gain type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. Since the group delay introduces distinguishability between the generated photons, it will be important to compensate for it when designing quantum interference devices in which strong optical nonlinearities are required.

We implement an experiment on a photonic quantum processor establishing efficacy of the elementary quantum system in classical information storage. The advantage is established by considering a class of simple bipartite games played with the communication resource qubit and classical bit ($c$ bit), respectively. Conventional wisdom, supported by the no-go theorems of Holevo and Frenkel-Weiner, suggests that such a quantum advantage is unattainable when the sender and receiver share randomness or classical correlations. However, our results reveal a quantum advantage in a scenario devoid of any shared randomness. Our experiment involves the development of a variational triangular polarimeter, enabling the realization of positive operator value measurements crucial for establishing the targeted quantum advantage. Beyond showcasing a robust communication advantage with a single qubit, our work paves the way for immediate applications in near-term quantum technologies. It provides a semi-device-independent certification scheme for quantum encoding-decoding systems and offers an efficient method for information loading and transmission in quantum networks.

Recent analyses, leveraging advanced theoretical techniques and high-quality data from thousands of simultaneously recorded neurons across regions in the brain, compellingly support the hypothesis that neural dynamics operate near the edge of instability. However, these and related analyses often fail to capture the intricate temporal structure of brain activity, as they primarily rely on time-integrated measurements across neurons. Here, we present a novel framework designed to explore signatures of criticality across diverse frequency bands and construct a much more comprehensive description of brain activity. Furthermore, we introduce a method for projecting brain activity onto a basis of spatiotemporal patterns, facilitating time-dependent dimensionality reduction. Applying this framework to a magnetoencephalography dataset, we observe significant differences in criticality signatures, effective dimensionality, and spatiotemporal activity patterns between healthy subjects and individuals with Parkinson’s disease, highlighting its potential impact.

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are modern research tools with applications in multiple scientific fields. Standard x-ray FEL pulses are produced by the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mechanism. SASE-FEL pulses have high power, short duration, and excellent transverse coherence but exhibit poor temporal coherence with power and spectral profiles consisting of multiple randomly distributed spikes. Here, we present the demonstration of two modes that enhance the temporal coherence of SASE-FEL radiation: mode-coupled and high-brightness SASE. Both schemes are based on delaying the electron beam with magnetic chicanes placed between the undulator modules of the FEL facility. First, we show the generation of frequency combs with tunable peak separation via the mode-coupled SASE scheme. Second, we present a proof-of-principle demonstration of the high-brightness SASE mechanism, producing FEL pulses with a bandwidth reduction up to a factor of 3 with respect to standard SASE pulses. The demonstration was done at Athos, the soft x-ray beamline of SwissFEL, for photon energies between 500 and 600 eV. Our work will benefit current applications and may open up new research areas requiring frequency combs or narrow bandwidths.

Remarkable recent experiments on the moiré structure formed by pentalayer rhombohedral graphene aligned with a hexagonal boron nitride substrate report the discovery of a zero field fractional quantum Hall effect. These “(fractional) quantum anomalous Hall” [(F)QAH] phases occur for one sign of a perpendicular displacement field, and correspond, experimentally, to full or partial filling of a valley polarized Chern-1 band. Such a band is absent in the noninteracting band structure. Here we show that electron-electron interactions play a crucial role, and present microscopic theoretical calculations demonstrating the emergence of a nearly flat, isolated, Chern-1 band and FQAH phases in this system. We also study the four- and six-layer analogs and identify parameters where a nearly flat isolated Chern-1 band emerges which may be suitable to host FQAH physics.