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    Anatomy of information scrambling and decoherence in the integrable Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model

    Antonio M. García-García1,*, Chang Liu (刘畅)2,1,†, Lucas Sá3,‡, Jacobus J. M. Verbaarschot4,§, and Jie-ping Zheng (郑杰平)1,∥

    • 1Shanghai Center for Complex Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    • 2Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, China
    • 3TCM Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
    • 4Center for Nuclear Theory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA

    • *Contact author: amgg@sjtu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: cl91tp@gmail.com
    • ‡Contact author: ld710@cam.ac.uk
    • §Contact author: jacobus.verbaarschot@stonybrook.edu
    • ∥Contact author: jpzheng@sjtu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. E 112, 054203 – Published 4 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/j589-dszc

    Abstract

    The growth of information scrambling, captured by out-of-time-order correlation functions (OTOCs), is a central indicator of the nature of many-body quantum dynamics. Here, we compute analytically the complete time dependence of the OTOC for an integrable Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, N Majoranas with random two-body interactions of infinite range, coupled to a Markovian bath at finite temperature. In the limit of no coupling to the bath, the time evolution of scrambling experiences different stages. For t≲N, after an initial polynomial growth, the OTOC approaches saturation in a power-law fashion with oscillations superimposed. At t∼N, the OTOC reverses trend and starts to decrease linearly in time. The reason for this linear decrease is that, despite being a subleading 1/N effect, the OTOC in this region is governed by the spectral form factor of the antisymmetric couplings of the SYK model. The linear decrease stops at t∼2N, the Heisenberg time, where saturation occurs. The effect of the environment is an overall exponential decay of the OTOC for times longer than the inverse of the coupling strength to the bath. The oscillations at t≲N indicate lack of thermalization—a desired feature for better performance of quantum information devices.

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