We consider an explanation of the CDF II W boson mass anomaly by $Z-Z^{\prime }$ mixing with $U(1{)}_R$ gauge symmetry under which right-handed fermions are charged. It is found that $U(1{)}_R$ is preferred to be leptophobic to accommodate the anomaly while avoiding other experimental constraints. In such a case we require extra charged leptons to cancel quantum anomalies and the SM charged leptons get masses via interactions with the extra ones. These interactions also induce muon $g-2$ and lepton flavor violations. We discuss muon $g-2$, possible flavor constraints, neutrino mass generation via inverse seesaw mechanism, and collider physics regarding $Z^{\prime }$ production for parameter space explaining the $W$ boson mass anomaly.

We study the bounded from below (BFB) conditions on a class of three Higgs doublet models (3HDM) constrained by the symmetry groups $U(1)\times U(1)$, $U(1)\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$, and ${\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$. These constraints must be implemented on both the neutral (BFB-n) and charged (BFB-c) directions. The exact necessary and sufficient BFB conditions are unknown in the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$ case. We develop a general strategy using lower bounds to find sufficient conditions for BFB-n and BFB-c and apply it to these symmetries. In addition, we investigate the concern that the use of safe sufficient conditions can ignore valid points which would yield distinct physical consequences. This is done by performing a full phenomenological simulation of the $U(1)\times U(1)$ and $U(1)\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$ models, where exact necessary and sufficient BFB conditions are possible. We look specifically at the points allowed by exact solutions but precluded by safe lower bounds. We found no evidence of remarkable new effects, partly reassuring the use of the lower bounds we propose here, for those potentials where no exact necessary and sufficient BFB conditions are known.

In addition to the long-standing anomalies seen in the muon $g-2$, $R_{K^{(*)}}$, and $R_{D^{(*)}}$ observables by various independent experiments, the CDF Collaboration has found another significant one in the $W$-boson mass. These anomalies might be intertwined at a fundamental level and have a single new-physics explanation. In this paper, we present a simultaneous solution to these anomalies with two scalar leptoquarks of roughly equal mass—one a weak-singlet $S_1$ and the other a weak-triplet $S_3$—which mix through a Higgs portal. The solution has only a few new couplings and TeV-scale leptoquarks, making the solution testable at the LHC. We put a lower and upper bound on the leptoquark masses in this setup from the current LHC data and the assumption that all new couplings are within the perturbative limit.

Euclidean time windows in the integral representation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$ serve to test the consistency of lattice calculations and may help in tracing the origins of a potential tension between lattice and data-driven evaluations. In this paper, we present results for the intermediate time window observable computed using $\mathrm{O}(a)$ improved Wilson fermions at six values of the lattice spacings below 0.1 fm and pion masses down to the physical value. Using two different sets of improvement coefficients in the definitions of the local and conserved vector currents, we perform a detailed scaling study which results in a fully controlled extrapolation to the continuum limit without any additional treatment of the data, except for the inclusion of finite-volume corrections. To determine the latter, we use a combination of the method of Hansen and Patella and the Meyer-Lellouch-Lüscher procedure employing the Gounaris-Sakurai parametrization for the pion form factor. We correct our results for isospin-breaking effects via the perturbative expansion of $\mathrm{QCD}+\mathrm{QED}$ around the isosymmetric theory. Our result at the physical point is $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{win}}=(237.30\pm 0.79_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm 1.22_{\mathrm{syst}})\times {10}^{-10}$, where the systematic error includes an estimate of the uncertainty due to the quenched charm quark in our calculation. Our result displays a tension of $3.9\sigma$ with a recent evaluation of $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{win}}$ based on the data-driven method.

Energy correlators are field-theoretically clean and phenomenologically valuable probes of QCD dynamics. We explore the possibility of using the information encoded in the energy correlators of a hadronically decaying electroweak vector boson in order to extract its full decay density matrix. The kinematics of the one- and two-point energy correlators can indeed discriminate between longitudinal and transverse modes and reveal the interference pattern between different vector polarizations. Such observables improve the sensitivity to microscopic new physics affecting the production rate of the different helicities. We assess the impact on higher-dimensional effective field theory operators in simple scenarios.

Antikink-kink ($\overline{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{K}$) collisions in the ${\varphi }^6$ model exhibit resonant scattering although the ${\varphi }^6$ kinks do not support any bound states to which energy could be transferred. In P. Dorey et al. [Kink-Antikink Collisions in the ${\varphi }^6$ Model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 091602 (2011)] it was conjectured that, instead, energy is transferred to a collective bound mode of the full $\overline{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{K}$ configuration. Here we present further strong evidence for this conjecture. Further, we construct a collective coordinate model (CCM) for $\overline{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{K}$ scattering based on this collective bound mode trapped between the $\overline{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{K}$ pair which allows us to reproduce the full dynamics of $\overline{\mathrm{K}}\mathrm{K}$ scattering with striking accuracy. We also study kink-antikink ($\mathrm{K}\overline{\mathrm{K}}$) scattering and its description by a CCM. In this case a significant role of radiation is discovered.

The spacetime inside the white hole is like an anisotropic cosmological background with the past singularity playing the role of a big bang singularity. The scale factor along the extended spatial direction is contracting while the scale factor along the two-sphere is expanding. We consider an eternal Schwarzschild manifold and study quantum cosmological perturbations generated near the white hole singularity which propagate towards the past event horizon and to the exterior of the black hole. It is shown that an observer deep inside the white hole and an observer far outside the black hole both share the same vacuum. We calculate the Hawking radiation associated to these quantum white hole perturbations as measured by an observer in the exterior of the black hole. Furthermore, we also consider the Hawking radiation for the general case where the initial cosmological perturbations deep inside the white hole are in a “nonvacuum” state yielding to a deviation from Planck distribution. This analysis suggests that if the black hole is not entirely black (due to Hawking radiation) then the white hole is not entirely white either.

We study the dynamics of a solar-type star orbiting around a black hole binary (BHB) in a nearly coplanar system. We present a novel effect that can prompt a growth and significant oscillations of the eccentricity of the stellar orbit when the system encounters an “apsidal precession resonance,” where the apsidal precession rate of the outer stellar orbit matches that of the inner BHB. The eccentricity excitation requires the inner binary to have a nonzero eccentricity and unequal masses, and can be created even in noncoplanar triples. We show that the secular variability of the stellar orbit’s apocenter, induced by the changing eccentricity, could be potentially detectable by Gaia. Detection is favorable for BHBs emitting gravitational waves in the frequency band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, hence providing a distinctive, multimessenger probe of the existence of stellar-mass BHBs in the Milky Way.

Nuclear recoils in germanium and silicon are shown to have much larger variance in electron-hole production than their electron recoil counterparts for recoil energies between 10 and 200 keV. This effect—owing primarily to deviations in the amount of energy given to the crystal lattice in response to a nuclear recoil of a given energy—has been predicted by the Lindhard model. We parametrize the variance in terms of an intrinsic nuclear recoil Fano factor that is $24.3\pm 0.2$ and $26\pm 8$ at around 25 keV for silicon and germanium, respectively. The variance has important effects on the expected signal shapes for experiments utilizing low-energy nuclear recoils such as direct dark matter searches and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering measurements.

We study the interaction of meson-baryon coupled channels carrying quantum numbers of ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{cc}$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{bb}$, and ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{bc}$ presently under investigation by the LHCb Collaboration. The interaction is obtained from an extension of the local hidden gauge approach to the heavy quark sector that has proved to provide accurate results compared to experiment in the case of ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c$ states and pentaquarks, $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$. We obtain many bound states, with small decay widths within the space of the chosen coupled channels. The spin-parity of the states are $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ for coupled channels of pseudoscalar-baryon (${\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$), $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ for the case of pseudoscalar-baryon (${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$), $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-},{\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ for the case of vector-baryon (${\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$) and $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-},{\frac{3}{2}}^{-},{\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$ for the vector-baryon (${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$) channels. We look for poles of the states and evaluate the couplings to the different channels. The couplings obtained for the open channels can serve as a guide to see in which reaction the obtained states are more likely to be observed.

We examine $CP$-violating effects on electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in the standard model with a complex singlet scalar focusing particularly on a scenario where additional scalars have masses close to 125 GeV. Such a high mass degeneracy makes collider signatures in the scenario standard model like, and current experimental data cannot distinguish them from the standard model predictions. We utilize a simplified scalar potential to understand impacts of $CP$ violation on EWPT qualitatively. Then, one-loop effective potential with a thermal resummation is employed for full numerical evaluations. As a phenomenological consequence, gravitational waves from the first-order EWPT are also evaluated. We find that the strength of the first-order EWPT would get weaker as the $CP$-violating effect becomes larger. As a result, gravitational wave amplitudes are diminished by the size of the $CP$ violation. Future gravitational wave experiments may shed light on $CP$ violation in the singlet scalar sector as well as the experimental blind spot due to the high mass degeneracy.

We investigate the gravitational form factors of the baryon octet within the framework of the SU(3) chiral quark-soliton model, considering the effects of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking, and with the corresponding energy-momentum tensor distributions. We examine the effects of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking to the mass, angular momentum, pressure, and shear force distributions of the baryon octet. We first find that a heavier baryon is energetically more compact than a lighter one. For the spin distributions of the baryon octet, they are properly normalized to their spins and are decomposed into the flavor-singlet axial charge and the orbital angular momentum even when the flavor SU(3) symmetry is broken. While the effects of the flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking differently contribute to the angular momentum distributions for the octet baryons, they are found to be rather small. The spin and orbital angular momentum almost equally contribute to the angular momentum distributions for the octet baryons. We also estimate the effects of the flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking to the pressure and shear force distributions. Interestingly, even if we include the effects of the SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking, then the shear force distributions are kept to be positive over $r$. It indicates that the Polyakov and Schweitzer local stability condition is kept to be intact with the flavor SU(3) symmetry broken. Lastly, we discuss how much the gravitational form factors vary with the effects of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking considered.

This paper presents ${\alpha }_s$ corrections to the inclusive semitauonic $B\to X_c\tau {\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }$ decay width and leptonic invariant mass spectrum up to order $1/m_b^3$ in the heavy quark expansion. Analytical results with full dependence on the final-state quark and tau lepton masses are obtained. The results up to $1/m_b^2$ can be extrapolated to the $B\to X_u\tau {\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }$ decay by taking the limit of vanishing final-state quark mass.

$CP$ violation of the decay $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ in the $f_0(500)-\rho (770{)}^0$ interfering region is analyzed. The forward-backward asymmetries (FBAs) and the corresponding $CP$ asymmetries FB-$CP\mathrm{As}$ are particularly investigated. To isolate the $CP\mathrm{V}$ caused by the interference of different partial wave more cleanly, we also introduce the direct-$CP\mathrm{V}$-subtracted FB-$CP\mathrm{A}$. Based on the LHCb data, we extract the FBAs, FB-$CP\mathrm{As}$, direct-$CP\mathrm{V}$-subtracted FB-$CP\mathrm{A}$, as well as the regional $CP\mathrm{As}$ with invariant mass of the ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ pair in the range $0.2\mathrm{GeV}/c^2<\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{low}}}<1.8\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$. It is found that the (direct-$CP\mathrm{V}$-subtracted) FB-$CP\mathrm{As}$ are quite large in the $f_0(500)-\rho (770{)}^0$ interfering region, which confirms that the interference of the intermediate resonances $f_0(500)$ and $\rho (770{)}^0$ plays an important role for the $CP$ violation of the three-body decay channel $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$.

The theory of scattering of low energy neutrinos and antineutrinos by atomic electrons has recently been developed [ I. B. Whittingham, Phys. Rev. D 105, 013008 (2022)] using the bound interaction picture in configuration space to fully implement the relationship between the neutrino helicities and the orbital and spin angular momenta of the atomic electrons. The energy spectra of ionization electrons produced by scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos with energies of 5, 10, 20, and 30 keV by hydrogen, helium and neon were calculated using Dirac screened Coulombic eigenfunctions. This paper reports further applications of this theory, to a new calculation of the energy spectra for neon, as the original calculation used some screening constants which underestimated the effects of screening in the inner subshells, and to scattering by argon. The results are presented as ratios to the corresponding quantities for scattering by $Z$ free electrons. The new spectra ratios for neon are larger than the original ratios by $\approx 0.03$–$\approx 0.14$, with the greatest increases occurring for 10 keV neutrinos and antineutrinos. Integrated spectra ratios range from 0.16 to 0.59 for neon, and from 0.15 to 0.48 for argon, as the neutrino energy increases from 5 to 30 keV.

Utilizing the data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.19{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ collected by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the $D_s^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay. The sample contains 13,797 candidates with a signal purity of $\sim 80\%$. The amplitude and phase of the contributing $\pi \pi \mathcal{S}$ wave are measured based on a quasi-model-independent approach, along with the amplitudes and phases of the $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{D}$ waves parametrized by Breit-Wigner models. The fit fractions of different intermediate decay channels are also reported.

We present the first search for the semileptonic decay $D_s^{+}\to {\pi }^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e$ using a data sample of electron-positron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6.32{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. This decay is expected to be sensitive to ${\pi }^0–\eta$ mixing. No significant signal is observed. We set an upper limit of $6.4\times {10}^{-5}$ on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level.

The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong $CP$ problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly motivated region 0.4–120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program.

We construct a matrix-valued spin-dependent distribution function (MVSD) for massive spin-$1/2$ fermions and study its properties under Lorentz transformations. Such transformations result in a Wigner rotation in spin space and in a nontrivial matrix-valued shift in space-time, which corresponds to the side jump in the massless case. We express the vector and axial-vector components of the Wigner function in terms of the MVSD and show that they transform in a Lorentz-covariant manner. We then construct a manifestly Lorentz-covariant Boltzmann equation which contains a nonlocal collision term encoding spin-orbit coupling. Finally, we obtain the spin-dependent distribution function in local equilibrium by demanding detailed balance.