Motivated by recent experimental LHC measurements on the forward inclusive jet productions and based on our previous calculations on forward hadron productions, we calculate a single inclusive jet cross section in $pA$ collisions at forward rapidity within the color glass condensate framework up to the next-to-leading order. Moreover, with the application of a jet algorithm and proper subtraction of the rapidity and collinear divergences, we further demonstrate that the resulting next-to-leading-order hard coefficients are finite. In addition, in order to deal with the large logarithms that can potentially spoil the convergence of the perturbative expansion and improve the reliability of the numerical predictions, we introduce the collinear jet function and the threshold jet function and resum these large logarithms hidden in the hard coefficients.

We investigate the Higgs transition within the four-dimensional $SU(2)$-Higgs model in search for an order parameter as a function of the Higgs field hopping parameter, $\kappa$, using lattice technique. We measure the Higgs condensate after applying Landau gauge fixing and study the corresponding susceptibility, magnetization, and fourth order Binder cumulant using four different spatial volumes with $N_{\tau }=2$. The computation is carried out with gauge coupling, ${\beta }_g=8$, for a range of scalar self-coupling, $\lambda =\{0.00010,0.00350\}$, with an emphasis near the critical end point. Finite size scaling analysis of the gauge fixed condensate and its cumulants agree with the standard 3D Ising values $\nu =0.62997$, $\beta /\nu =0.518$, $\gamma /\nu =1.964$ at $\lambda =0.00150$. These results are in agreement with previous studies suggesting 3D Ising universality class. The numerical results also indicate that, at the transition point, the gauge fixed condensate vanishes in the infinite volume limit.

Inspired by recent work by Tarasov and Venugopalan, we calculate the one-loop quark box diagrams relevant to polarized and unpolarized deep inelastic scattering (DIS) by introducing off-forward momentum $l^{\mu }$ as an infrared regulator. In the polarized case, we rederive the pole $1/l^2$ related to the axial (chiral) anomaly. In addition, we obtain the usual logarithmic term and the DIS coefficient function. We interpret the result in terms of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) $\tilde{H}$ and $\tilde{E}$ and discuss the possible violation of QCD factorization for the Compton scattering amplitude. Remarkably, we also find poles in the unpolarized case which are remnants of the trace anomaly. We argue that these poles are canceled by the would-be massless glueball poles in the GPDs $H$ and $E$ as well as in their moments, the nucleon gravitational form factors $A$, $B$ and $D$. This mechanism sheds light on the connection between the gravitational form factors and the gluon condensate operator $F^{\mu \nu }{F}_{\mu \nu }$.

We perform a systematic analysis of the mass and strong decays of the $\mathrm{\Omega }(2012)$ resonance in a coupled-channel approach of a bare three-quark state and a composite meson-baryon state. Besides the coupling of the bare state and ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{*}\overline{K}$ channel, the effective meson-baryon interactions are also included. We find a pole with a mass of 2008 MeV by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The calculated decay widths and its ratios of branching fractions ${\mathcal{R}}_{\mathrm{\Xi }\overline{K}}^{\mathrm{\Xi }\pi \overline{K}}$ agree well with the new experimental measurement by the Belle Collaboration. Our results suggest that both three-quark core and ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{*}\overline{K}$ channel are essential for the description of the $\mathrm{\Omega }(2012)$ resonance. We expect that present calculations can help us to better understand the nature of $\mathrm{\Omega }(2012)$ resonance.

The time evolution of a neutrino is dependent on its initial properties at creation including flavor, energy, and wave packet size. There exists no solid theoretical prediction for the latter property in the context of nuclear beta decay, despite the importance of this process for the past, present, and future of neutrino experimentation. In this paper, we provide a quantitative prediction for the size of a beta-decay-induced electron antineutrino wave packet by treating the parent nucleus decaying to an entangled antineutrino-recoil system using the formalism of open quantum systems. Of central importance is the delocalization scale of the parent particle. We construct a systematic description of the hierarchy of localizing entanglements that provides an unambiguous statement of the relevant localization scale, found to be closely related to the diameter of the parent nucleus (e.g., $\sim 5–6\mathrm{fm}$ for beta-decaying fission daughters) and as low as the typical nucleon-nucleon correlation distance ($\sim 1\mathrm{fm}$). Inside a nuclear reactor, for example, this translates to initial electron antineutrino wave packet widths in the ${\sigma }_{\nu ,x}\sim 10–400\mathrm{pm}$ range for $E_{{\overline{\nu }}_e}>1.8\mathrm{MeV}$, with dependencies on decaying nucleus size, the emitted antineutrino energy, and the kinematics of the recoiling system. Wave packet sizes in this envelope do not produce an observable effect on oscillation probability in foreseeable reactor experiments in the standard three-neutrino model, including JUNO which is expected to be sensitive to ${\sigma }_{\nu ,x}\lesssim 3\mathrm{pm}$.

Using $980{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of data collected on and around the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(nS)$ ($n=1$, 2, 3, 4, 5) resonances with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider, we measure the cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \eta \varphi$ from threshold to 3.95 GeV via initial state radiation. There are clear $\varphi (1680)$ and $J/\psi$ signals but no significant $\varphi (2170)$ signal in the $\eta \varphi$ final state. The branching fraction $\mathcal{B}[J/\psi \to \eta \varphi ]$ is measured to be $(7.2\pm 0.8\pm 0.5)\times {10}^{-4}$. The resonant parameters of $\varphi (1680)$ are determined to be $m_{\varphi (1680)}=(1696\pm 8\pm 10)\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ (statistical and systematic errors, respectively), ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\varphi (1680)}=(175\pm 13\pm 16)\mathrm{MeV}$ and, depending on the possible presence of predominantly constructive or destructive interference between $\varphi (1680)$ and continuum production, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\varphi (1680)}^{e^{+}{e}^{-}}·\mathcal{B}[\varphi (1680)\to \eta \varphi ]$ and $\mathcal{B}[\varphi (1680)\to \eta \varphi ]$ are determined to be $(75\pm 10\pm 11)\mathrm{eV}$ and $(25\pm 12\pm 2)\%$ or $(207\pm 16\pm 20)\mathrm{eV}$ and $(23\pm 10\pm 2)\%$, respectively. The upper limit for ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\varphi (2170)}^{e^{+}{e}^{-}}·\mathcal{B}[\varphi (2170)\to \eta \varphi ]$ is determined to be either 0.17 or 18.6 eV at the 90% confidence level.

In this paper we construct a stringy embedding of the dark bubble model of an expanding 4D cosmology with the help of branes rotating in extra dimensions. The Universe rides a bubble which has nucleated in an unstable higher dimensional background. Our construction is therefore a string theoretical realization of Vilenkin’s quantum cosmology. While the cosmological constant vanishes at lowest order, loop corrections predicted by the weak gravity conjecture can induce a phenomenologically viable value. The model predicts the existence of large extra dimensions compatible with observational constraints, and we note a possible connection with the dark dimension proposal.

We study the collective transitions of a pair of static atoms near a Schwarzschild black hole. The two atoms are assumed to be placed along the radial direction of the black hole and be coupled with fluctuating massless scalar fields in the Hartle-Hawking and Unruh vacua. When the two-atom system is prepared in the symmetric or antisymmetric entangled state, the average rate of change of energy of the two-atom system is oblivious of the vacuum fluctuations and solely a result of the radiation reaction. Consequently, the average rate, contrary to the existing results in the literature, is finite near the event horizon and is not affected by the Hawking radiation of the black hole.

The quadratic gravity constraints are reformulated in terms of the Newman-Penrose-like quantities. In such a frame language, the field equations represent a linear algebraic system for the traceless Ricci tensor components. In principle, a procedure for the combination of the Ricci components with standard geometric identities can be applied in a similar way as in the case of general relativity. These results could serve in various subsequent analyses and physical interpretations of admitted solutions to quadratic gravity. Here, we demonstrate the utility of such an approach by proving general propositions restricting the spacetime geometry under assumptions on a specific algebraic type of curvature tensors.

The interaction of binary black hole mergers with their environments can be studied using numerical relativity simulations. These start only a short finite time before merger, at which point appropriate initial conditions must be imposed. A key task is therefore to identify the configuration that is appropriate for the binary and its environment at this stage of the evolution. In this work we study the behavior of wave dark matter around equal mass black hole binaries, finding that there is a preferred, quasistationary profile that persists and grows over multiple orbits, in contrast to heavier mass dark matter where any overdensity tends to be dispersed by the binary motion. While different initial configurations converge to the preferred quasistationary one after several orbits, unwanted transient oscillations are generated in the process, which may have an impact on the signal in short simulation runs. We also point out that naively superimposing the matter onto a circular binary results in artificially eccentric orbits due to the matter backreaction, which is an effect of the initial conditions and not a signature of dark matter. We discuss the further work required so that comparison of waveforms obtained with environments to vacuum cases can be done in a meaningful way.

We derive the fixed-$\mathrm{\Lambda }$ and unimodular propagators using the path integral formalism as applied to the Einstein-Cartan action. The simplicity of the action (which is linear in the lapse function) allows for an exact integration starting from the lapse function and the enforcement of the Hamiltonian constraint, leading to a product of Chern-Simons states if the connection is fixed at the endpoints. No saddle point approximation is needed. Should the metric be fixed at the endpoints, then, depending on the contour chosen for the connection, Hartle-Hawking or Vilenkin propagators are obtained. Thus, in this approach one trades a choice of contour in the lapse function for one in the connection, where appropriate. The unimodular propagators are also trivial to obtain via the path integral, and the previously derived expressions are recovered.

The type-I two-Higgs-doublet model in the inverted Higgs scenario can retain the theoretical stability all the way up to the Planck scale. The Planck-scale cutoff ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{\mathrm{cut}}^{\text{Planck}}$ directly impacts the mass spectra such that all the extra Higgs boson masses should be light below about 160 GeV. However, the observation of the light masses of new Higgs bosons does not indicate the high-cutoff scale because a low-cutoff scale can also accommodate the light masses. Over the viable parameter points that satisfy the theoretical requirements and the experimental constraints, we show that the trilinear Higgs couplings for low ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{\mathrm{cut}}$ are entirely different from those for the Planck-scale cutoff. The most sensitive coupling to the cutoff scale is from the $h\text{−}h\text{−}h$ vertex, where $h$ is the lighter $CP$-even Higgs boson at a mass below 125 GeV. The gluon fusion processes of $gg\to hh$ and $gg\to AA$ are insensitive to the cutoff scale, yielding a small variation of the production cross sections, $\mathcal{O}(1)\mathrm{fb}$, according to ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{\mathrm{cut}}$. The smoking-gun signature is from the triple Higgs production of $q{\overline{q}}^{\prime }\to W^{*}\to H^{\pm }hh$, which solely depends on the $h\text{−}h\text{−}h$ vertex. The cross section for ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{\mathrm{cut}}=1\mathrm{TeV}$ is about ${10}^3$ times larger than that for the Planck-scale cutoff. Since the decay modes of $H^{\pm }\to W^{*}h/W^{*}A$ and $h/A\to bb$ are dominant, the process yields the $6b+\ell \nu$ final state, which enjoys an almost background-free environment. Consequently, the precision measurement of $pp\to H^{\pm }hh$ can probe the cutoff scale of the model.

Current searches for squarks are inefficient in cases when the squark does not directly decay to the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), because those decays are Yukawa suppressed. This occurs when producing the first two generations of squarks and when, at the same time, there are several electroweakinos lighter than those squarks. In this paper, we analyze the signal of the pair production of squarks that subsequently decay to an intermediate neutralino (${\tilde{\chi }}_3^0$) plus jets. The neutralino will then decay to the LSP (mainly Higgsino) and a Higgs. We have simulated the events and designed a discovery strategy based on a signal of two jets, four $b$ quarks, and missing transverse energy. We obtain very promising values for the Large Hadron Collider sensitivity at 14 TeV and $300{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$.

We investigate how the masses of singly heavy baryons undergo changes in nuclear matter. The mass spectrum of the singly heavy baryons was successfully described in a pion mean field approach even with isospin symmetry breaking, based on which we extend the investigation to the medium modification of the singly heavy baryons. Since all dynamical parameters were determined by explaining the mass spectrum of the SU(3) light and singly heavy baryons in free space, we can directly implement the density-dependent functionals for the dynamical parameters, of which the density dependence was already fixed by reproducing the bulk properties of nuclear matter and medium modification of the SU(3) light baryons. We predict and discuss the density dependence of the masses of the singly heavy baryons.

A candidate triple strange pentaquark state, $P_{csss}$, is investigated through its strong decay channel $P_{csss}\to {\mathrm{\Omega }}^{-}J/\psi$. To calculate the relevant strong coupling constants, two possible interpolating currents with spin-parity $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ are used. Though the chosen currents for the state under consideration have spin-parity quantum numbers $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$, they couple to both the positive and negative parity states simultaneously and the corresponding decay widths are obtained for both parities. These widths are obtained as $\mathrm{\Gamma }(P_{csss}\to J/\psi {\mathrm{\Omega }}^{-})=201.4\pm 82.5\mathrm{MeV}$ for the negative and $\mathrm{\Gamma }({\tilde{P}}_{csss}\to J/\psi {\mathrm{\Omega }}^{-})=316.4\pm 107.8\mathrm{MeV}$ for the positive parity state when the first current is used. For the second current, we obtain $\mathrm{\Gamma }(P_{csss}\to J/\psi {\mathrm{\Omega }}^{-})=252.5\pm 116.7\mathrm{MeV}$ for the negative and $\mathrm{\Gamma }({\tilde{P}}_{csss}\to J/\psi {\mathrm{\Omega }}^{-})=361.1\pm 98.4\mathrm{MeV}$ for the positive parity state. These results may provide insights into future experimental observations of such candidate states and help to distinguish and fix their properties.

The E12-14-012 experiment, performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A, has measured the $(e,e^{\prime }p)$ cross section in parallel kinematics using a natural titanium target. In this paper, we report the analysis of the dataset obtained in different kinematics for our solid natural titanium target. Data were obtained in a range of missing momentum and missing energy between $15\lesssim p_m\lesssim 250\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{c}$ and $12\lesssim E_m\lesssim 80\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively, and using an electron beam energy of 2.2 GeV. We measured the reduced cross section with $\sim 7\%$ accuracy as a function of both missing momentum and missing energy. Our Monte Carlo simulation, including both a model spectral function and the effects of final-state interactions, satisfactorily reproduces the data.

As our ability to sense increases, we are experiencing a transition from data-poor problems, in which the central issue is a lack of relevant data, to data-rich problems, in which the central issue is to identify a few relevant features in a sea of observations. Motivated by applications in gravitational-wave astrophysics, we study a problem in which the goal is to predict the presence of transient noise artifacts in a gravitational-wave detector from a rich collection of measurements from the detector and its environment. We argue that feature learning—in which relevant features are optimized from data—is critical to achieving high accuracy. We introduce models that reduce the error rate by over 60% compared to the previous state of the art, which used fixed, hand-crafted features. Feature learning is useful not only because it can improve performance on prediction tasks; the results provide valuable information about patterns associated with phenomena of interest that would otherwise be impossible to discover. In our motivating application, features found to be associated with transient noise provide diagnostic information about its origin and suggest mitigation strategies. Learning in such a high-dimensional setting is challenging. Through experiments with a variety of architectures, we identify two key factors in high-performing models: sparsity, for selecting relevant variables within the high-dimensional observations, and depth, which confers flexibility for handling complex interactions and robustness with respect to temporal variations. We illustrate their significance through a systematic series of experiments on real gravitational-wave detector data. Our results provide experimental corroboration of common assumptions in the machine-learning community and have direct applicability to improving our ability to sense gravitational waves, as well as to a wide variety of problem settings with similarly high-dimensional, noisy, or partly irrelevant data.

We investigate the impact of non-Hermiticity on the thermodynamic properties of interacting fermions by examining bilinear extensions to the $3+1$-dimensional $SU(2)$-symmetric Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature and chemical potential. The system is modified through the anti-$\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric pseudoscalar bilinear $\overline{\psi }{\gamma }_5\psi$ and the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric pseudovector bilinear $i{B}_{\nu }\overline{\psi }{\gamma }_5{\gamma }^{\nu }\psi$, introduced with a coupling $g$. Beyond the possibility of dynamical fermion mass generation at finite temperature and chemical potential, our findings establish model-dependent changes in the position of the chiral phase transition and the critical end point. These are tunable with respect to $g$ in the former case, and both $g$ and $|B|/B_0$ in the latter case, for both lightlike and spacelike fields. Moreover, the behavior of the quark number, entropy, pressure, and energy densities signal a potential fermion or antifermion excess compared to the standard NJL model, due to the pseudoscalar and pseudovector extension, respectively. In both cases, regions with negative interaction measure $I=\epsilon -3p$ are found. Future indications of such behaviors in strongly interacting fermion systems, for example, in the context of neutron star physics, may point toward the presence of non-Hermitian contributions. These trends provide a first indication of curious potential mechanisms for producing non-Hermitian baryon asymmetry. In addition, the formalism described in this study is expected to apply more generally to other Hamiltonians with four-fermion interactions, and thus, the effects of the non-Hermitian bilinears are likely to be generic.

We study the benefits of jet- and event-level deep learning methods in distinguishing vector boson fusion (VBF) from gluon-gluon fusion (GGF) Higgs production at the LHC. We show that a variety of classifiers (CNNs, attention-based networks) trained on the complete low-level inputs of the full event achieve significant performance gains over shallow machine learning methods (BDTs) trained on jet kinematics and jet shapes, and we elucidate the reasons for these performance gains. Finally, we take initial steps toward the possibility of a VBF vs GGF tagger that is agnostic to the Higgs decay mode, by demonstrating that the performance of our event-level CNN does not change when the Higgs decay products are removed. These results highlight the potentially powerful benefits of event-level deep learning at the LHC.