We extend the results of A. Kovner, M. Li, and V. V. Skokov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 182003 (2022)], where we argued that in the controlled environment of the deep inelastic scattering experiments, Bose-Einstein correlation between gluons in a hadronic wave function can be accessed through the production of the diffractive dijet plus a third jet. In this observable, Bose-Einstein correlation causes the enhancement of the production cross sections at the zero relative angle between the transverse momentum imbalance of the photon-going dijet and the transverse momentum of the gluon jet, when the magnitude of the momentum imbalance is about the same as the magnitude of the produced gluon. In the present paper, we account for multiple scattering and nonlinear effect in the target wave function. Although our equations can be applied to any high-energy DIS kinematics, to make them tractable numerically, we consider the high-momentum limit (momentum larger than $Q_s$) for the total momentum of the dijet, momentum imbalance, and the momentum of the produced gluon. By performing explicit numerical calculations, we confirm that the signal is present after accounting for multiple scattering.

The construction of black hole spacetimes that are regular (singularity-free) is plagued by the “mass inflation” instability, a classical perturbation instability induced by the surface gravity at the inner horizon and characterized by exponentially diverging stress energy there. Recently, a class of “inner-extremal” regular black holes was proposed that possesses a vanishing inner horizon surface gravity and therefore avoids mass inflation, while still maintaining a horizon separation and a nonzero outer-horizon surface gravity. However, when semiclassical effects are taken into account, it is found that an inner-horizon instability remains for generic inner-extremal regular black holes formed from collapse. This semiclassical divergence is analyzed from the perspective of both the effective Hawking temperature and the renormalized stress-energy tensor, and its origin and genericity are examined in detail.

In a recent paper we described a novel approach to the detection and parameter estimation of a non-Gaussian stochastic background of gravitational waves. In this work we propose an improved version of the detection procedure, preserving robustness against imperfect noise knowledge at no cost of detection performance; in the previous approach, the solution proposed to ensure robustness reduced the performances of the detection statistics, which in some cases (namely, mild non-Gaussianity) could be outperformed by Gaussian ones established in literature. We show, through a simple toy model, that the new detection statistic performs better than the previous one (and than the Gaussian statistic) everywhere in the parameter space. It approaches the optimal Neyman-Pearson statistics monotonically with increasing non-Gaussianity and/or number of detectors. In this study we discuss in detail its efficiency. This is a second, important step towards the implementation of a nearly optimal detection procedure for a realistic non-Gaussian stochastic background. We discuss the relevance of results obtained in the context of the toy model used, and their importance for understanding a more realistic scenario.

Cross-correlations of CMB lensing reconstructions with other tracers of matter constrain primordial non-Gaussianity, neutrino masses and structure growth as a function of cosmic time. We formalize a method to improve the precision of these measurements by using a third tracer to remove structure from the lensing reconstructions. Crucially, our method enjoys the variance reduction benefits of a joint-modeling approach without the need to model the cosmological dependence of the ancillary tracer. We present a first demonstration of variance cancellation using data from Planck and the DESI Legacy Surveys, showing a 10%–20% reduction in both lensing power and cross-correlation variance using the cosmic infrared background (CIB) or DESI Legacy Survey luminous red galaxies (LRGs) as matter tracers.

Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is an instrument designed for detecting cosmic rays (CRs) and gamma rays at TeV to PeV energies. The decays of heavy dark matter particles in the Galactic halo may produce high-energy electrons that can be detected by LHAASO. The main background for the LHAASO’s CR electron measurements is the hadron residuals due to misidentification of the particle species. In this paper, we estimate the LHAASO’s electron background using the known all-particle CR spectrum and the hadron rejection efficiency of LHAASO. With the estimated background, we predict the capability of LHAASO to constrain dark matter (DM) decay lifetime at 95% confidence level for various channels. We find that if neglecting systematic uncertainties, the CR electron measurement by LHAASO can improve the current best results by up to one order of magnitude for DM masses between 100–1000 TeV. However, indirect measurements of CR electrons by ground-based experiments suffer from sizable systematic uncertainties. With the systematic uncertainties included in the calculation, the projected constraints will be largely weakened. So, for using the CR electron observation of LHAASO to constrain the DM parameters, the key point is whether the systematic error can be effectively reduced.

We present limits on the spin-independent interaction cross section of dark matter particles with silicon nuclei, derived from data taken with a cryogenic calorimeter with 0.35 g target mass operated in the CRESST-III experiment. A baseline nuclear recoil energy resolution of $(1.36\pm 0.05){\mathrm{eV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$, currently the lowest reported for macroscopic particle detectors, and a corresponding energy threshold of $(10.0\pm 0.2){\mathrm{eV}}_{\mathrm{nr}}$ have been achieved, improving the sensitivity to light dark matter particles with masses below $160\mathrm{MeV}/{\mathrm{c}}^2$ by a factor of up to 20 compared to previous results. We characterize the observed low energy excess, and we exclude noise triggers and radioactive contaminations on the crystal surfaces as dominant contributions.

We respond to issues raised by Serebrov et al. in a recent paper regarding systematic effects in the beam neutron lifetime experiment performed at NIST. We show that these effects were considered in the original analyses and that our corrections and systematic uncertainties were appropriate. We point out some misunderstandings in the analysis of Serebrov et al. None of the issues raised lead us to alter the value of the neutron lifetime reported.

The polarization dynamics of electrons including multiple nonlinear Compton scattering during the interaction of a circularly polarized ultraintense laser pulse with a counterpropagating ultrarelativistic electron beam is investigated. While electron polarization emerges mostly due to spin-flips at photon emissions, there is a nonradiative contribution to the polarization which stems from the one-loop QED radiative corrections to the self-energy, which admits of a simple physical model. We put forward a method to single out the nonradiative contribution to the polarization, employing the reflection regime of the interaction when the radiation reaction is significant. The polarization of electrons that penetrate in the forward direction through a colliding laser is shown to be dominated by the loop effect, while the reflected electrons are mostly polarized by spin-flips at photon emissions. We confirm this effect by quantum Monte Carlo simulations considering the helicity transfer from the laser field to the electrons, taking into account the opposite sign of the polarizations induced by the nonradiative loop effect and radiative spin-flip. Our Monte Carlo simulations show a polarization signal as high as $\gtrsim 10\%$ from the nonradiative effect, amenable for experimental detection with current technology.

We present a new approach, the Topograph, which reconstructs underlying physics processes, including the intermediary particles, by leveraging underlying priors from the nature of particle physics decays and the flexibility of message passing graph neural networks. The Topograph not only solves the combinatoric assignment of observed final state objects, associating them to their original mother particles, but directly predicts the properties of intermediate particles in hard scatter processes and their subsequent decays. In comparison to standard combinatoric approaches or modern approaches using graph neural networks, which scale exponentially or quadratically, the complexity of Topographs scales linearly with the number of reconstructed objects. We apply Topographs to top quark pair production in the all hadronic decay channel, where we outperform the standard approach and match the performance of the state-of-the-art machine learning technique.

The BESIII Collaboration claimed that a new $a_0(1817)$ resonance was found in the recent results of the $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}^{+}{\pi }^0$ decay. For this decay process, we perform a unitary amplitude to analyze the contributions of the states $a_0(980{)}^{+}$ and $a_0(1710{)}^{+}$ with the final state interactions. Considering the Cabibbo-favored external and internal $W$-emission mechanisms at the quark level, and the contributions of the resonances $a_0(980{)}^{+}$, $a_0(1710{)}^{+}$ in the $S$ wave and ${\overline{K}}^{*}(892{)}^0$, $K^{*}(892{)}^{+}$ in the $P$ wave, the recent experimental data of the $K_S^0{K}^{+}$ invariant mass spectrum from the BESIII Collaboration can be described well. In our results, the states $a_0(980)$ and $a_0(1710)$ are dynamically generated from the final state interactions of $K\overline{K}$ and $K^{*}{\overline{K}}^{*}$, respectively, which support the molecular nature for them. Moreover, some obtained branching fractions are in agreement with the experimental measurements.

We construct a contact interaction model for the $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons in the SDE-BSE approach to QCD and compute several static properties of these mesons and their transition form factors. We find that this model gives an excellent description of the $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ static properties, namely, their masses, decay width, and decay constants. However, a contact interaction disagrees with experimental data for $Q^2$ greater than $2{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$, and produces transition form factors in conflict with perturbative QCD prediction. This is not surprising and the reasons for this are explained.

Cross sections for the interaction ${\nu }_{\mu }A\to {\mu }^{-}{\pi }^{0}X$ with neutrino energies between 1 and 5 GeV are measured using a sample of 165,000 selected events collected in the NOvA experiment’s near detector, a hydrocarbon-based detector exposed to the Neutrinos from the Main Injector beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Results are presented as a flux-averaged total cross section and as differential cross sections in the momenta and angles of the outgoing muon and ${\pi }^0$, the total four-momentum transfer, and the invariant mass of the hadronic system. Comparisons are made with predictions from a reference version of the genie neutrino interaction generator. The measured total cross section of ($3.57\pm 0.44)\times {10}^{-39}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ is 7.5% higher than the genie prediction, but is consistent within experimental errors.

We develop the holographic dictionary for pure ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$ gravity where the Lagrangian of the dual $2D$ conformal field theory has been deformed by an arbitrary function of the energy-momentum tensor. In addition to the $T\overline{T}$ deformation, examples of such functions include a class of marginal stress tensor deformations which are special because they leave the generating functional of connected correlators unchanged up to a redefinition of the source and expectation value. Within this marginal class, we identify the unique deformation that commutes with the $T\overline{T}$ flow, which is the root-$T\overline{T}$ operator, and write down the modified boundary conditions corresponding to this root-$T\overline{T}$ deformation. We also identify the unique marginal stress tensor flow for the cylinder spectrum of the dual CFT which commutes with the inviscid Burgers’ flow driven by $T\overline{T}$, and we propose this unique flow as a candidate root-$T\overline{T}$ deformation of the energy levels. We study BTZ black holes in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$ subject to root-$T\overline{T}$ deformed boundary conditions, and find that their masses flow in a way which is identical to that of our candidate root-$T\overline{T}$ energy flow equation, which offers evidence that this flow is the correct one. Finally, we also obtain the root-$T\overline{T}$ deformed boundary conditions for the gauge field in the Chern-Simons formulation of ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$ gravity.

We study the partition function and entropy of U(1) gauge theories with multiple boundaries on the black hole background. The nontrivial boundary conditions allow residual zero longitudinal momentum modes and Wilson lines stretched between boundaries. Topological modes of the Wilson lines and other modes are also analyzed in this paper. We study the behavior of the partition function of the theory in different temperature limits, and find the transitions of dominances of different modes as we vary the temperature. Moreover, we find two different area contributions plus logarithm corrections in the entropy—one being part of the bulk fluctuation modes can be seen for finite-temperature black holes, and the other coming from vacuum degeneracy can only be seen in the superlow temperature limit. We have confirmed the mechanism and entropy found in the superlow temperature limit also persist for extremal black holes. The gauge fluctuation on the black hole background might help us understand some fundamental aspects of quantum gravity related to gauge symmetries.

In this paper, we construct a charged soliton with a finite energy and no delta function source in a pure Abelian gauge theory. Specifically, we first consider the three-dimensional Abelian gauge theory, with a Maxwell term and a level $N$ CS term. We find a static solution that carries charge $N$, angular momentum $\frac{N}{2}$ and whose radius is $N$ independent. However, this solution has a divergent energy. In analogy to the replacement of the four-dimensional Maxwell action with the BI action, which renders the classical energy of a point charge finite, for the three-dimensional theory which includes a CS term such a replacement leads to a finite energy for the solution of above. We refer to this soliton as a CSBIon solution, representing a finite energy version of the fundamental (sourced) charged electron of Maxwell theory in four dimensions. In three dimensions the $\mathrm{BI}+\mathrm{CS}$ action has a static charged solution with finite energy and no source, hence a soliton solution. The CSBIon, similar to its Maxwellian predecessor, has a charge $N$, angular momentum proportional to $N$ and an $N$-independent radius. We also present other nonlinear modifications of Maxwell theory that admit similar solitons. The CSBIon may be relevant in various holographic scenarios. In particular, it may describe a D6-brane wrapping an $S^4$ in a compactified D4-brane background. We believe that the CSBIon may play a role in condensed matter systems in $2+1$ dimensions like graphene sheets.

In this paper, using the maximal embedding of $SU(2)$ into $SU(N)$ in the Euler angles parametrization, we construct a novel family of exact solutions of the Einstein $SU(N)$-Skyrme model. First, we present a hairy toroidal black hole in $D=4$ dimensions. This solution is asymptotically locally anti–de Sitter and is characterized by discrete hair parameters. Then, we perform a dimensional extension of the black hole to obtain black $p$-branes as solutions of the Einstein $SU(N)$-nonlinear sigma model in $D\ge 5$ dimensions. These are homogeneous and topologically protected. Finally we show that, through a Wick rotation of the toroidal black hole, one can construct an exact self-gravitating instanton. The role that the flavor number $N$ plays in the geometry and thermodynamics of these configurations is also discussed.

The observation of massive black hole binary systems is one of the main science objectives of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The instrument’s design requirements have recently been revised: they set a requirement at 0.1 mHz, with no additional explicit requirements at lower frequencies. This has implications for observations of the short-lived signals produced by the coalescence of massive and high-redshift binaries. Here we consider the most pessimistic scenario: the (unlikely) case in which LISA has no sensitivity below 0.1 mHz. We show that the presence of higher multipoles (beyond the dominant $\ell =|m|=2$ mode) in the gravitational radiation from these systems, which will be detectable with a total signal-to-noise ratio $\sim {10}^3$, allows LISA to retain the capability to accurately measure the physical parameters and the redshift and to constrain the sky location. To illustrate this point, we consider a few select binaries in a total (redshifted) mass range of $4\times {10}^6–4\times {10}^7{M}_{\odot }$ whose ($\ell =|m|=2$) gravitational-wave signals last between $\approx 12\mathrm{h}$ and $\approx 20\mathrm{days}$ in band. We model the emitted gravitational radiation using the highly accurate (spin-aligned) waveform approximant IMRPhenomXHM and carry out a fully coherent Bayesian analysis on the LISA noise-orthogonal time-delay-interferometry channels.

We investigate kink-antikink scattering in the $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ model in the presence of an additional scalar field, $\psi$, that is in its quantum vacuum and interacts with $\varphi$ via a $\xi {\varphi }^2{\psi }^2$ term where $\xi$ is the coupling. The final state of such a scattering is either a bound state with eventual annihilation or a reflection of the kink-antikink pair. Without the $\psi$ field, the outcome is known to depend fractally on the initial velocity of the kink-antikink pair. In the quantum vacuum of the $\psi$ field, the fractal dependence gets modified and disappears above a critical interaction strength, $\xi \approx 0.1$.

Precise reconstruction of top quark properties is a challenging task at the Large Hadron Collider due to combinatorial backgrounds and missing information. We introduce a physics-informed neural network architecture called the covariant particle transformer ($CPT$) for directly predicting the top quark kinematic properties from reconstructed final state objects. This approach is permutation invariant and partially Lorentz covariant and can account for a variable number of input objects. In contrast to previous machine learning-based reconstruction methods, $CPT$ is able to predict top quark four-momenta regardless of the jet multiplicity in the event. Using simulations, we show that the $CPT$ performs favorably compared with other machine learning top quark reconstruction approaches.