We compute masses of the two lightest glueballs from spectral reconstructions of timelike interaction channels of the four-gluon vertex in Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory. The Euclidean spacelike dressings of the vertex are calculated with the functional renormalization group. For the spectral reconstruction of these Euclidean data, we employ Gaussian process regression. The glueball resonances can be identified straightforwardly and we obtain $m_{sc}=1870(75)\mathrm{MeV}$ as well as $m_{ps}=2700(120)\mathrm{MeV}$, in accordance with functional bound state and lattice calculations.

We construct ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{\mathrm{L}}\otimes {\mathrm{SU}(3)}_{\mathrm{R}}$ invariant parity doublet models within the linear realization of the chiral symmetry. Describing baryons as the superposition of linear representations should be useful description for transitions toward the chiral restoration. The major problem in the construction is that there are much more chiral representations for baryons than in the two-flavor cases. To reduce the number of possible baryon fields, we introduce a hierarchy between representations with good or bad diquarks (called soft and hard baryon representations, respectively). We use $(3,\overline{3})+(\overline{3},3)$ and $(8,1)+(1,8)$ as soft to construct a chiral invariant Lagrangian, while the $(3,6)+(6,3)$ representations are assumed to be integrated out, leaving some effective interactions. The mass splitting associated with the strange quark mass is analyzed in the first and second order in the meson fields $M$ in $(3,\overline{3})+(\overline{3},3)$ representations. We found that the chiral ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_L\otimes {\mathrm{SU}(3)}_R$ constraints are far more restrictive than the ${\mathrm{SU}(3)}_V$ constraints used in conventional models for baryons. After extensive analyses within $(3,\overline{3})+(\overline{3},3)$ and $(8,1)+(1,8)$ models, we found that models in the first order of $M$ do not reproduce the mass hierarchy correctly, although the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass relation is satisfied. In the second order, the masses of the positive parity channels are reproduced well up to the first radial excitations, while some problem in the mass ordering remains in a negative parity channel. Apparently the baryon dynamics is not well-saturated by just $(3,\overline{3})+(\overline{3},3)$ and $(8,1)+(1,8)$ representations, as indicated by the necessity of terms higher order in $M$.

We study the production, in deep inelastic scattering at high energy, of a quark-gluon dijet induced by $t$-channel quark exchange with the target, which goes beyond the eikonal approximation. Throughout this study we follow the color glass condensate approach, keep full dependence on the quark mass and consider the target to be unpolarized. We focus on the correlation limit in which the produced jets fly almost back-to-back and find a factorized expression for the cross section, for both longitudinal and transverse photons, involving the unpolarized quark transverse momentum dependent distribution. Quark-gluon dijets can be distinguished from other types of dijets at least in the heavy quark case, thanks to heavy flavor tagging. In that case, the dominant background is expected to come from the eikonal production of a quark-antiquark-gluon system. We propose experimental cuts to suppress that background contribution, making the process of quark-gluon dijet production in deep inelastic scattering a new method to probe the quark transverse momentum dependent distribution at the Electron Ion Collider.

In this work, we first predict the mass spectra of the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c^{(*)}{D}_s^{(*)}$-type doubly charmed molecular pentaquark candidates, where the one-boson-exchange model is adopted by considering both the $S\text{−}D$ wave mixing effect and the coupled channel effect. Our findings indicate that the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c{D}_s^{*}$ state with $J^P=1/2^{-}$, the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c^{*}{D}_s^{*}$ state with $J^P=1/2^{-}$, and the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c^{*}{D}_s^{*}$ state with $J^P=3/2^{-}$ can be considered as the most promising doubly charmed molecular pentaquark candidates, and the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c{D}_s$ state with $J^P=1/2^{-}$, the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c^{*}{D}_s$ state with $J^P=3/2^{-}$, and the ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_c{D}_s^{*}$ state with $J^P=3/2^{-}$ are the possible doubly charmed molecular pentaquark candidates. Furthermore, we further explore the radiative decays and the magnetic moments of the most promising doubly charmed molecular pentaquark candidates in the constituent quark model. As a crucial aspect of spectroscopy, the information of the radiative decays and the magnetic moments can provide the valuable clues to reflect their inner structures. With the accumulation of higher statistical data at the Large Hadron Collider, we propose that the LHCb Collaboration should focus on the problem of searching for these predicted doubly charmed molecular pentaquark candidates containing most strange quarks in the coming years.

We investigate the dynamical generation of the $b_1$ meson in the $\pi \omega$ interaction, using a coupled-channel formalism with the $\pi \omega$, $\eta \rho$, $\pi \varphi$, and $K{\overline{K}}^{*}$ channels included. We compute the Feynman amplitudes for the 16 different kernel amplitudes, considering only the $t$ and $u$ channels. Solving the coupled integral equation, we obtain the transition amplitude for the $\pi \omega$ interaction. We select the axial-vector and isovector channels from the partial-wave expansion and single out the two poles corresponding to the $b_1$ mesons: $(1306-i70)\mathrm{MeV}$ and $(1356-i65)\mathrm{MeV}$. They are located below the $K{\overline{K}}^{*}$ threshold. The first pole lies below the $\eta \rho$ threshold by about 10 MeV, whereas the second one emerges above it by about 40 MeV. We analyze the effects of the two poles and background contributions to the $\pi \omega$ total cross section by using a toy model.

We study the phase diagram of a strongly coupled confining theory in $2+1$ dimensions, as a function of temperature and baryon chemical potential. The theory has a fully fledged supergravity holographic dual, that we use to predict a line of first-order phase transitions separating a confining phase and a deconfined phase. Both phases exhibit a nonzero baryon density thus providing a first example of baryonic matter in a confining string dual that does not require the introduction of flavor branes. We argue that the confining phase is a baryon superfluid, while the deconfined phase has nonzero baryon magnetization.

Spin network states are a powerful tool for constructing the $SU(2)$ gauge theories on a graph. In loop quantum gravity (LQG), they have yielded many promising predictions, although progress has been limited by the computational challenge of dealing with high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. To explore more general configurations, quantum computing methods can be applied by representing spin network states as quantum circuits. In this article, we introduce an improved method for constructing quantum circuits for 4-valent Ising spin networks, which utilizes a smaller number of qubits than previous approaches. This has practical implications for the implementation of quantum circuits. We also demonstrate the procedure with various examples, including the construction of a 10-node Ising spin network state. The key ingredient of the method is the variational transfer of partial states, which we illustrate through numerous examples. Our improved construction provides a promising avenue for further exploring the potential of quantum computing methods in quantum gravity research.

We discuss the vacuum energy of a quantized scalar field in the presence of classical surfaces, defining bounded domains $\mathrm{\Omega }\subset {\mathbb{R}}^d$, where the field satisfies ideal or nonideal boundary conditions. We call it ideal high-pass Dirichlet boundary conditions. For the electromagnetic case, this situation describes the conductivity correction to the zero-point energy. Using an analytic regularization procedure, we obtain the vacuum energy for a massless scalar field at zero temperature in the presence of a slab geometry $\mathrm{\Omega }={\mathbb{R}}^{d-1}\times [0,L]$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions. To discuss the case of nonideal boundary conditions, we employ an asymptotic expansion, based on an approximate functional equation for the Riemann zeta-function, where finite sums outside their original domain of convergence are defined. Finally, to obtain the Casimir energy for a massless scalar field in the presence of a rectangular box, with lengths $L_1$ and $L_2$, i.e., $\mathrm{\Omega }=[0,L_1]\times [0,L_2]$ with nonideal boundary conditions, we employ an approximate functional equation of the Epstein zeta-function.

In this article we address the question of asymptotic symmetry of massless scalar field at null infinity. We slightly generalize notion of asymptotic symmetry in order to make sense for the theory without gauge symmetry. Derivations of the results are done in two different ways, using Hamiltonian analysis and using covariant phase space. The results are in agreement with the ones previously obtained by various authors for dual 2-form field and with the results obtained starting from scalar soft theorem.

In this work, a null geometric approach to the Brown-York quasilocal formalism is used to derive an integral law that describes the rate of change of mass and/or radiative energy escaping through a dynamical horizon of a nonstationary spacetime. The result thus obtained shows—in accordance with previous results from the theory of dynamical horizons of Ashtekar et al.—that the rate at which energy is transferred from the bulk to the boundary of spacetime through the dynamical horizon becomes zero at equilibrium, where said horizon becomes nonexpanding and null. Moreover, it reveals previously unrecognized quasilocal corrections to the Bondi mass-loss formula arising from the combined variation of bulk and boundary components of the Brown-York Hamiltonian, given in terms of a bulk-to-boundary inflow term akin to an expression derived in an earlier paper by A. Huber [Remark on the quasilocal calculation of tidal heating: Energy transfer through the quasilocal surface, Phys. Rev. D 105, 024011 (2022).]. For clarity, this is discussed with reference to the generalized Vaidya family of spacetimes, for which derived integral expressions take a particularly simple form.

The imaging by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) of the supermassive central objects at the heart of the M87 and Milky Way (Sgr ${\mathrm{A}}^{\star }$) galaxies, has marked the first step into peering at the photon rings and central brightness depression that characterize the optical appearance of black holes surrounded by an accretion disk. Recently, Vagnozzi et al. [arXiv:2205.07787] used the claim by the EHT that the size of the shadow of Sgr ${\mathrm{A}}^{\star }$ can be inferred by calibrated measurements of the bright ring enclosing it, to constrain a large number of spherically symmetric space-time geometries. In this work we use this result to study some features of the first and second photon rings of a restricted pool of such geometries in thin accretion disk settings. The emission profile of the latter is described by calling upon three analytic samples belonging to the family introduced by Gralla, Lupsasca, and Marrone, in order to characterize such photon rings using the Lyapunov exponent of nearly bound orbits and discuss its correlation with the luminosity extinction rate between the first and second photon rings. We finally elaborate on the chances of using such photon rings as observational discriminators of alternative black hole geometries using very long baseline interferometry.

The tidal response of compact objects in an inspiraling binary system is measured by a set of tidal Love and dissipation numbers imprinted in the gravitational waveforms. While a four-dimensional black hole in vacuum within general relativity has vanishing Love numbers, a black hole in alternative theories of gravity can acquire nonvanishing Love numbers. The dissipation numbers may quantify Planckian corrections at the horizon scale. These properties will allow a test of classical theories of gravity in the strong-field regime with gravitational-wave observation. Since black holes are not in the exact vacuum environment in astrophysical situations, the following question arises: Can the environment affect the tidal response? In this paper, we investigate the stability of the tidal response of a Schwarzschild black hole for frequency-dependent tidal-field perturbations against a small modification of the background. Our analysis relies on the scattering theory, which overcomes difficulties in computing the relativistic tidal Love numbers. The tidal Love and dissipation numbers can be understood from the property of sufficiently low-frequency scattering waves. We show that the tidal Love numbers are sensitive to the property of the modification. Therefore, we need careful consideration of the environment around the black hole in assessing the deviation of the underlying theory of gravity from general relativity with the Love numbers. The modification has less impact on the dissipation numbers, indicating that quantifying the existence of the event horizon with them is not spoiled. We also demonstrate that in a composite system, i.e., a compact object with environmental effects, the Love and dissipation numbers are approximately determined by the sum of the numbers of each component.

Collapsing massive stars lead to a broad range of astrophysical transients, whose multiwavelength emission is powered by a variety of processes including radioactive decay, activity of the central engine, and interaction of the outflows with a dense circumstellar medium. These transients are also candidate factories of neutrinos with energy up to hundreds of PeV. We review the energy released by such astrophysical objects across the electromagnetic wavebands as well as neutrinos, in order to outline a strategy to optimize multimessenger follow-up programs. We find that, while a significant fraction of the explosion energy can be emitted in the infrared-optical-ultraviolet (UVOIR) band, the optical signal alone is not optimal for neutrino searches. Rather, the neutrino emission is strongly correlated with the one in the radio band, if a dense circumstellar medium surrounds the transient, and with x-rays tracking the activity of the central engine. Joint observations of transients in radio, x-rays, and neutrinos will crucially complement those in the UVOIR band, breaking degeneracies in the transient parameter space. Our findings call for heightened surveys in the radio and x-ray bands to warrant multimessenger detections.

We propose to use quantum information notions to characterize thermally induced melting of nonperturbative bound states at high temperatures. We apply tensor networks to investigate this idea in static and dynamical settings within the Ising quantum field theory, where bound states are confined fermion pairs—mesons. An equilibrium signature of meson melting is identified in the temperature dependence of the thermal-state second Rényi entropy, which varies from exponential to power-law scaling. Out of equilibrium, we identify as the relevant signature the transition from an oscillatory to a linear growing behavior of reflected entropy after a thermal quench. These analyses apply more broadly, which brings new ways of describing in-medium meson phenomena in quantum many-body and high-energy physics.

The backreaction effect and plasma oscillation in pair production for rapidly oscillating electric fields are investigated by solving the quantum Vlasov equation. It is found that the backreaction effect in the pair production is insignificant for a weak rapidly oscillating electric field regardless of whether the field has a frequency chirp or not. However, for a strong field, after the external field vanishes, there forms an obvious plasma oscillation. The oscillation period in some cases can be described by a simple formula constructed based on the Langmuir oscillation frequency, while in general, it depends directly on the parameters of the external field as well as the particle number density. Moreover, after considering the backreaction effect, the momentum spectrum presents irregular oscillations due to the development of a stochastic process in the dynamics of pair production. These findings give us a safety range of the external field parameters where the backreaction effect is negligible and deepen our understanding of the backreaction effect in the pair production for a rapidly oscillating field with or without a frequency chirp.

We present in this work an analysis of Lorentz- and $CPT$-violating signals at linear boost order in Penning-trap experiments. The theory of quantum electrodynamics with Penning traps is revisited and the dominant shifts in the cyclotron and anomaly frequencies of confined particles and antiparticles are reproduced. To study time variations of the experimental signals at linear boost order, we provide a general discussion on transformations of coefficients for Lorentz violation between different frames, and derive the expressions of the cyclotron and anomaly frequency shifts in the Sun-centered frame. Relating these frequency shifts to the charge-to-mass ratios, the $g$ factors, and their comparisons between particles and antiparticles, we extract numerous new or improved bounds on coefficients for Lorentz violation from existing Penning-trap measurements.

The recent precise measurement of the $W$-mass by the CDF II Collaboration could be indicative of new physics beyond the Standard Model. On the other hand, a resolution of the long-standing muon $g-2$ anomaly also calls for additional dynamics. In this work, we accommodate the two aforementioned anomalies in an extension of the minimal type-II seesaw model. That is, the minimal type-II model is augmented with an additional doubly charged scalar and vectorlike leptons. While a chirality flip of the vectorlike leptons can predict the observed value of muon $g-2$, the value of the recently reported $W$ mass can also be simultaneously achieved through the oblique parameters of the model. In addition, we further show that the parameter region allowing for the simultaneous resolution of the two anomalies complies with the neutrino mass data, lepton flavor violation, and electroweak vacuum stability up to the Planck scale.

We investigate the $CP$-odd electric dipole moments (EDMs) of spin-$1/2$ charm baryons considering $CP$-violating dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model effective field theory. In the framework of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, we calculate the EDMs of single-charm baryons and present the estimates for beyond-the-standard model physics appearing at the TeV scale.

In this paper, we study the properties of the pion-photon transition form factor (TFF), $\gamma {\gamma }^{*}\to {\pi }^0$, by using the principle of maximum commonality (PMC) to deal with its perturbative QCD contribution up to next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections. Applying the PMC, we achieve precise pQCD prediction for the TFF in a large $Q^2$-region without conventional renormalization scale ambiguity. We also discuss the power suppressed nonvalence quark contribution to the TFF, which is important for a sound prediction in a low and intermediate $Q^2$-region, e.g. the nonvalence quark components affect the TFF by about 1% to 23% when $Q^2$ changes down from $40{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$ to $4{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$. The resultant pion-photon TFF shows a better agreement with previous Belle data. It is hoped that previous discrepancies between the experimental measurements and theoretical predictions could be clarified by the forthcoming precise data on the Belle II measurements.

We study the role of the meson cloud on the electromagnetic transitions from decuplet ($B^{\prime }$) to octet ($B$) baryons in terms of the squared four-momentum transfer $q^2$. In the quark model framework, the meson cloud dressing of the quark cores gives important contributions to the ${\gamma }^{*}N\to \mathrm{\Delta }(1232)$ transition form factors. In the present work, we estimate the meson cloud contributions of all decuplet to octet baryon transitions (${\gamma }^{*}B\to B^{\prime }$ or $B^{\prime }\to {\gamma }^{*}B$). Models that combine valence quark effects with pion and kaon cloud dressing provide a fair description of the radiative decays of decuplet to octet baryons, namely the ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0(1385)\to \gamma \mathrm{\Lambda }(1116)$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}(1385)\to \gamma {\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{+}(1193)$ decays. Previous studies indicated the relevance of the pion cloud effects on the $B^{\prime }\to {\gamma }^{*}B$ transition but also suggested that the kaon cloud contributions may be important in the timelike region. We combine then the contributions of the bare core, estimated by a covariant quark model, with $q^2$-dependent contributions of pion and kaon clouds. We use the framework to calculate the Dalitz decay rates and the Dalitz decay widths of decuplet baryons in octet baryons with dielectrons ($B^{\prime }\to e^{+}{e}^{-}B$) or dimuons ($B^{\prime }\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}B$). We conclude, based on the magnitude of our results, that most estimates of the $B^{\prime }\to e^{+}{e}^{-}B$ Dalitz decay widths may be tested at HADES and PANDA (GSI) in the near future. We discuss also the possibility of measuring the $\mathrm{\Delta }(1232)\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}N$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^0(1385)\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\mathrm{\Lambda }(1116)$ decay widths in some facilities, based on the estimated branching ratios.