We present the nonlinear growth of bound cosmological structures using the spherical collapse approach in the shift-symmetric Galileon theories. In particular, we focus on the class of models belonging to the kinetic gravity braiding by adopting a general parametrization of the action encoding a large set of models by means of four free parameters; two defining the background evolution and two affecting the perturbations. For the latter we identify their specific signatures on the linearized critical density contrast, nonlinear effective gravitational coupling and the virial overdensity and how they drive their predictions away from $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$. We then use the results of the spherical collapse model to predict the evolution of the halo mass function. We find that the shift-symmetric model predicts a larger number of objects compared to $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ for masses $M\gtrsim {10}^{14}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot }$ and such number increases for larger deviations from the standard model. Therefore, the shift-symmetric model shows detectable signatures which can be used to distinguish it from the standard scenario.

Neutrinos in dense environments like core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and neutron star mergers (NSMs) can undergo fast flavor conversions (FFCs) once the angular distribution of neutrino lepton number crosses zero along a certain direction. Recent advancements have demonstrated the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) in detecting these crossings. In this study, we enhance prior research in two significant ways. First, we utilize realistic data from CCSN simulations, where neutrino transport is solved using the full Boltzmann equation. We evaluate the ML methods’ adaptability in a real-world context, enhancing their robustness. In particular, we demonstrate that when working with artificial data, simpler models outperform their more complex counterparts, a noteworthy illustration of the bias-variance tradeoff in the context of ML. We also explore methods to improve artificial datasets for ML training. In addition, we extend our ML techniques to detect the crossings in the heavy-leptonic channels, accommodating scenarios where ${\nu }_x$ and ${\overline{\nu }}_x$ may differ. Our research highlights the extensive versatility and effectiveness of ML techniques, presenting an unparalleled opportunity to evaluate the occurrence of FFCs in CCSN and NSM simulations.

We present a novel mechanism for thermal dark matter production, characterized by a “bounce”: the dark matter equilibrium distribution transitions from the canonical exponentially falling abundance to an exponentially rising one, resulting in an enhancement of the freeze-out abundance by many orders of magnitude. We discuss several realizations of bouncing dark matter. The bounce allows the present-day dark matter annihilation cross section to be significantly larger than the canonical thermal target, improving the prospects for indirect detection signals.

Currently, there is much controversy surrounding the interpretation of the $\mathrm{\Xi }(2030)$ and $\mathrm{\Xi }(2012)$ as traditional hadrons containing double strange quarks. In particular, the ratios of the partial decay widths into $\mathrm{\Lambda }\overline{K}$ and $\mathrm{\Sigma }\overline{K}$ for $\mathrm{\Xi }(2030)$ cannot obtain a suitable explanation under the $qss$ three-quark structure. Thus, we suggest the $\mathrm{\Xi }(2030)$ and $\mathrm{\Xi }(2012)$ to be $VB(={\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Sigma }/\rho \mathrm{\Xi }/{\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Lambda }/\varphi \mathrm{\Xi }/\omega \mathrm{\Xi })$ molecular states. In this work, we perform a systematical investigation of possible molecular states from the $VB(={\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Sigma }/\rho \mathrm{\Xi }/{\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Lambda }/\varphi \mathrm{\Xi }/\omega \mathrm{\Xi })$ interaction. The interaction of the system considered is described by the $t$-channel vector ($\rho ,\omega ,\varphi ,{\overline{K}}^{*}$) and pseudoscalar ($\pi ,{\eta }^{{(}^{\prime })},\overline{K}$) meson exchanges. By solving the nonrelativistic Schrödinger equation with the obtained one-boson-exchange potentials, the $VB(={\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Sigma }/\rho \mathrm{\Xi }/{\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Lambda }/\varphi \mathrm{\Xi }/\omega \mathrm{\Xi })$ bound states with different quantum numbers are searched. The calculation suggests that $\mathrm{\Xi }(2030)$ can be assigned as a $P$-wave ${\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Sigma }/\rho \mathrm{\Xi }/{\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Lambda }/\varphi \mathrm{\Xi }/\omega \mathrm{\Xi }$ molecular state with spin-parity $J^P=5/2^{+}$. The calculation also predicts the existence of four ${\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Sigma }/\rho \mathrm{\Xi }/{\overline{K}}^{*}\mathrm{\Lambda }/\varphi \mathrm{\Xi }/\omega \mathrm{\Xi }$ bound states with $J^P=1/2^{\pm }$ and $J^P=3/2^{\pm }$. The $\mathrm{\Xi }(2012)$ may be a candidate for one of these four bound states. If $\mathrm{\Xi }(2012)$ is an $S$-wave molecular state with $J^P=1/2^{-}$ or $J^P=3/2^{-}$, we suggest determining its spin and parity by studying its decay width, owing to the difference in their molecular components.

We investigate a left-right symmetric model respecting $SU(3{)}_C\otimes SU(2{)}_L\otimes U(1{)}_L\otimes SU(2{)}_R\otimes U(1{)}_R$ local gauge symmetry. We study the interactions of the heavy neutral and charged scalars of this model along with their production at the hadron collider and their subsequent decays. We analyze the collider searches of two heavy scalars, one of them is charge neutral and another one is singly charged. In both the cases we consider their associated production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and finally concentrate only on the leptonic final states. We perform both cut-based and multivariate analysis using the boosted decision tree algorithm for 14 TeV as well as 27 TeV LHC run with $3000{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity. As expected, the multivariate analysis shows a better signal-background discrimination compared to the cut-based analysis. In this article, we show that a charged Higgs of mass 750 GeV and 1.2 TeV can be probed with $2.77\sigma$ ($4.58\sigma$) and $1.38\sigma$ ($3.66\sigma$) significance at 14 (27) TeV run of LHC.

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the scattering of matter and gravitational Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes in five-dimensional gravity theories. We consider matter localized on a brane as well as in the bulk of the extra dimension for scalars, fermions and vectors respectively, and consider an arbitrary warped background. While naive power counting suggests that there are amplitudes which grow as fast as $\mathcal{O}(s^3)$ [where $s$ is the center-of-mass scattering energy squared], we demonstrate that cancellations between the various contributions result in a total amplitude which grows no faster than $\mathcal{O}(s)$. Extending previous work on the self-interactions of the gravitational KK modes, we show that these cancellations occur due to sum-rule relations between the couplings and the masses of the modes that can be proven from the properties of the mode equations describing the gravity and matter wave functions. We demonstrate that these properties are tied to the underlying diffeomorphism invariance of the five-dimensional theory. We discuss how our results generalize when the size of the extra dimension is stabilized via the Goldberger-Wise mechanism. Our conclusions are of particular relevance for freeze-out and freeze-in relic abundance calculations for dark matter models including a spin-2 portal arising from an underlying five-dimensional theory.

The linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background is highly sensitive to parity-violating physics at the surface of last scattering, which might cause mixing of E and B modes, an effect known as cosmic birefringence. This has until recently been problematic to detect due to its degeneracy with the instrument polarization miscalibration angle. Recently, a possible detection of a nonzero cosmic-birefringence angle was reported at $\beta =0.35°\pm 0.14°$, where the miscalibration angle was simultaneously determined and subtracted from the analysis. Starting from this claim, we exploit a simple map of $\beta$ to the coupling constant of a parity-violating term in a generic effective field theory for Lorentz and $CPT$ violation. We show that the reported constraint on $\beta$ is consistent with current one-sided upper bounds from cosmic microwave background studies of spacetime-symmetry breaking, and we discuss the implications and interpretation of this detection.

We propose a model that realizes a semivisible dark photon which can contribute to the anomalous magnetic moment ($g-2$) of both electron and muon. In this model, the electron $g-2$ is deviated from the Standard Model (SM) prediction by the 1-loop diagrams involving the vectorlike leptons, while that of muon is deviated due to a nonvanishing gauge kinetic mixing with photons. We also argue that the $W$-boson mass can be deviated from the SM prediction due to the vectorlike lepton loops, so that the value obtained by the CDF II experiment can be explained. Thus, this model simultaneously explains the recent three anomalies in $g-2$ of electron and muon as well as the $W$-boson mass. The constraints on the $\mathcal{O}(1)\mathrm{GeV}$ dark photon can be avoided because of the semivisible decay of the dark photon, $A^{\prime }\to 2N\to 2\nu 2\chi \to 2\nu 4e$, where $N$ is a SM singlet vectorlike neutrino and $\chi$ is a $CP$-even Higgs boson of the $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ gauge symmetry.

The axion-gluon coupling is the defining feature of the QCD axion. This feature induces additional and qualitatively different interactions of the axion with standard model particles—quadratic couplings. Previously, hadronic quadratic couplings have been studied and experimental implications have been explored especially in the context of atomic spectroscopy and interferometry. We investigate additional quadratic couplings to the electromagnetic field and electron mass. These electromagnetic quadratic couplings are generated at the loop level from threshold corrections and are expected to be present in the absence of fine-tuning. While they are generally loop-suppressed compared to the hadronic ones, they open up new ways to search for the QCD axion, for instance via optical atomic clocks. Moreover, due to the velocity spread of the dark matter field, the quadratic nature of the coupling leads to low-frequency stochastic fluctuations. These distinctive low-frequency fluctuations offer a new way to search for heavier axions. We provide an analytic expression for the power spectral density of this low-frequency background and briefly discuss experimental strategies for a low-frequency stochastic background search.

We describe the approach to lattice extraction of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) that is based on the use of the double distribution (DD) formalism within the pseudodistribution framework. The advantage of using DDs is that GPDs obtained in this way have the mandatory polynomiality property, a nontrivial correlation between $x$ and $\xi$ dependences of GPDs. Another advantage of using DDs is that the $D$-term appears as an independent entity in the DD formalism rather than a part of GPDs $H$ and $E$. We relate the $\xi$ dependence of GPDs to the width of the $\alpha$ profiles of the corresponding DDs and discuss strategies for fitting lattice-extracted pseudodistributions by DDs. The approach described in the present paper may be used in ongoing and future lattice extractions of GPDs.

We present an exploratory $N_f=2$ lattice QCD study of ${\psi }_2(3823)\to \gamma {\chi }_{c1}$ at a pion mass $m_{\pi }\approx 350\mathrm{MeV}$. The related two-point and three-point functions are calculated using the distillation method. The electromagnetic multipole form factor $\widehat{V}(0)=2.083(11)$ for $J/\psi \to \gamma {\eta }_c$ is consistent with previous lattice results. The form factors ${\widehat{E}}_1(0)$, ${\widehat{M}}_2(0)$, and ${\widehat{E}}_3(0)$ for $\mathrm{\Gamma }({\chi }_{c2}\to \gamma J/\psi )$ have the same hierarchy as that derived from experiments, and the predicted decay width $\mathrm{\Gamma }({\chi }_{c2}\to \gamma J/\psi )=368(5)\mathrm{keV}$ is in excellent agreement with the Particle Data Group value 374(10) keV and previous lattice QCD results in the quenched approximation. The same strategy is applied to the study of the process ${\psi }_2(3823)\to \gamma {\chi }_{c1}$, and the partial decay width is predicted to be 337(27) keV. According to the BESIII constraints on the ${\psi }_2(3823)$ decay channels and some phenomenological results, we estimate the total width $\mathrm{\Gamma }({\psi }_2(3823))=520(100)\mathrm{keV}$.

Motivated by the observed $P_{\psi s}^{\mathrm{\Lambda }}(4459)/P_{\psi s}^{\mathrm{\Lambda }}(4338)$ and $T_{cc}(3875{)}^{+}$ states as the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c{\overline{D}}^{*}/{\mathrm{\Xi }}_c\overline{D}$ and $D{D}^{*}$ molecular candidates, respectively, in this work we investigate the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{D}^{(*)}$ molecular systems. We obtain the mass spectra and the corresponding spatial wave functions of the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{D}^{(*)}$-type double-charm molecular pentaquark candidates with single strangeness, where we utilize the one-boson-exchange model and take into account both the $S\text{−}D$ wave-mixing effect and the coupled-channel effect. Our results show that the most promising candidates of the double-charm molecular pentaquarks with single strangeness include the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{c}D$ state with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-})$, the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{\prime }D$ state with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-})$, the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c{D}^{*}$ states with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-})$, the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{*}D$ state with $I(J^P)=0(3/2^{-})$, the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{\prime }{D}^{*}$ states with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-})$, and the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{*}{D}^{*}$ states with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-},5/2^{-})$. To gain further insight into the inner structures and the properties of the isoscalar ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{D}^{(*)}$ molecular candidates, we utilize the constituent quark model to analyze their M1 radiative decay behaviors and magnetic moments based on the obtained mass spectra and spatial wave functions, which can offer significant information to determine their spin-parity quantum numbers and configurations in the forthcoming experiments. We suggest that our experimental colleagues search for the predicted ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{D}^{(*)}$ molecular states.

We present a comprehensive study of the light-cone generalized parton distribution (GPD) and quasi-GPD of a flavor-neutral meson in the ’t Hooft model, i.e., two-dimensional QCD (${\mathrm{QCD}}_2$) in the $N_c\to \infty$ limit. With the aid of the Hamiltonian approach, we construct the light-cone GPD in terms of the meson’s light-cone wave function in the framework of light-front quantization and express the quasi-GPD in terms of the meson’s Bars-Green wave functions and the chiral angle in the framework of equal-time quantization. We show that, both analytically and numerically, the quasi-GPD does approach the light-cone GPD when the meson is boosted to the infinite momentum frame, which justifies the tenet underlying the large momentum effective theory for the off-forward parton distribution. Upon taking the forward limit, the light-cone and quasi-GPDs reduce to the light-cone and quasi parton distribution functions (quasi-PDFs). As a bonus, we take this chance to correct the incomplete expression of the quasi-PDFs in the ’t Hooft model reported in our preceding work [Y. Jia , Phys. Rev. D 98, 054011 (2018)].

In a previous work we computed the thermally averaged cross sections for the production and absorption reactions of the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ state in the hot hadron gas formed in heavy-ion collisions. In the present work we estimate the final yield of the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ state in these collisions. We use the coalescence model to fix the initial multiplicity of the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$, which is treated as a $P$-wave bound state of $D_s{\overline{D}}_{s0}$ and also as a compact tetraquark. The Bjorken picture is used to model the hydrodynamic expansion and cooling. We also consider the Hubble cooling, which is faster and mimics the effect of the transverse expansion. Then, the kinetic equation is solved to evaluate the time evolution of the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ yield during the hot hadron gas phase. Since the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ decay width is large it might decay inside the hadron gas. Therefore, we also include the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ decay and regeneration terms by means of an effective coupling, estimated from the available data. The combined effects of hadronic interactions and the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ decay have a strong impact on the final yield. Also, predictions of the ${\chi }_{c1}(4274)$ multiplicity as a function of centrality and of the charged hadron multiplicity measured at midrapidity $[d{N}_{ch}/d\eta (\eta <0.5)]$ are presented. Finally, we calculate the yield of a proposed $P$-wave molecular state of $D_s{\overline{D}}_{s0}$, $Y^{\prime }(4274)$, characterized by a smaller width and smaller coupling constant obtained from the Weinberg compositeness condition.

The currently operating FASER experiment and the planned Forward Physics Facility (FPF) will detect a large number of neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. In this work, we estimate neutrino fluxes at these detectors from charm meson decays, which will be particularly important for the ${\nu }_e$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ channels. We make prediction using both the next-to-leading order collinear factorization and the $k_T$-factorization approaches to model the production of charm quarks as well as different schemes to model their hadronization into charm hadrons. In particular, we emphasize that a sophisticated modeling of hadronization involving beam remnants is needed for predictions at FASER and FPF due to the sensitivity to the charm hadron production at low transverse momenta and very forward rapidity. As example, we use the string fragmentation approach implemented in pythia 8. While both standard fragmentation functions and pythia 8 are able to describe LHCb data, we find that pythia 8 predicts significantly higher rate of high energy neutrinos, highlighting the importance of using the correct hadronization model when making predictions.

Assuming that the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)$ is a $4S\text{−}3D$ mixed state, we investigated the hidden-bottom hadronic decays of the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)\to {\eta }_b(1S)\omega ({\eta }^{(\prime )})$ via the intermediate meson loops. In a commonly accepted range of the model parameter $\alpha$ in the form factor, the predicted branching ratios may reach to the order of ${10}^{-3}–{10}^{-2}$. The relative ratio of the partial decay widths of the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)\to {\eta }_b{\eta }^{(\prime )}$ to $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)\to {\eta }_b\omega$ is found to be dependent on the $\eta \text{−}{\eta }^{\prime }$ mixing angle. In addition, we also calculated the ratios of the partial decays widths of the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)\to {\eta }_b\omega$ to $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)\to \mathrm{\Upsilon }(nS){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ ($n=1$, 2), which are found to be around 0.4 and 0.2 for $n=1$ and $n=2$, respectively. These values are in accordance with the preliminary experimental results. The calculations presented here tend to favor the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }(10753)$ as the $4S\text{−}3D$ mixture. We hope these predictions could be verified by the future Belle II experiments.

In this work we present a comparison of semi-inclusive muon and electron neutrino cross sections with ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ target measured by the MicroBooNE collaboration with the predictions of an unfactorized model based on the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (RDWIA) and the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino event generator GENIE. The predictions based on the RDWIA approach, with a realistic description of the initial state and a phenomenological relativistic complex optical potential for the description of final state interactions, better describe the measured cross sections than GENIE-SuSAv2 and RDWIA with a purely real potential.

Building on the success of PC-JeDi we introduce PC-Droid, a substantially improved diffusion model for the generation of jet particle clouds. By leveraging a new diffusion formulation, studying more recent integration solvers, and training on all jet types simultaneously, we are able to achieve state-of-the-art performance for all types of jets across all evaluation metrics. We study the trade-off between generation speed and quality by comparing two attention based architectures, as well as the potential of consistency distillation to reduce the number of diffusion steps. Both the faster architecture and consistency models demonstrate performance surpassing many competing models, with generation time up to two orders of magnitude faster than PC-JeDi and three orders of magnitude faster than pythia.

The $\mathrm{FASER}\nu$ experiment has detected the first neutrino events coming from LHC. Near future high-statistic neutrino samples will allow us to search for new physics within the neutrino sector. Motivated by the forthcoming promising $\mathrm{FASER}\nu$ neutrino data, and its successor, $\mathrm{FASER}\nu 2$, we study its potential for testing the unitarity of the neutrino lepton mixing matrix. Although it would be challenging for $\mathrm{FASER}\nu$ and $\mathrm{FASER}\nu 2$ to have strong constraints on this kind of new physics, we discuss its role in contributing to a future improved global analysis.