We study the single parton fragmentation functions (FFs) at the input factorization scale ${\mu }_0\gtrsim 2m_Q$, with heavy quark mass $m_Q$, in the soft gluon factorization (SGF) approach. We express the FFs in terms of perturbatively calculable short distance hard parts for producing a heavy quark-antiquark pair in all possible states, convoluted with corresponding soft gluon distribution for the hadronization of the pair to a heavy quarkonium. We compute the perturbative short distance hard parts for producing a heavy quark pair in all possible $S$-wave and $P$-wave states up to $O({\alpha }_s^2)$. With our results, the SGF can be further used to study the heavy quarkonium production at the hadron colliders and heavy quarkonium production within a jet.

In this work, we investigate the double-heavy molecular pentaquark states with the quark contents $ccss\overline{s}$, $bbss\overline{s}$, and $bcss\overline{s}$ by using the coupled channel approach. The extended local hidden gauge Lagrangians are used to obtain the meson-baryon interactions by exchanging the vector mesons. We predict some candidates for the molecular states with the quantum numbers $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-},5/2^{-})$, whose binding energies are of the order of 20–30 MeV and whose widths are all less than 8 MeV. These predicted exotic double-heavy molecular pentaquark states may be accessible in future experiments such as LHCb.

We present the first next-to-leading order accurate hadron-level predictions for inclusive QCD and jet observables in photo-production for electron-proton beams at the upcoming electron-ion collider. Our predictions show large $K$ factors of about 60% and a dominating real correction.

Inspired by the observation of hidden-charm pentaquark $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ states by the LHCb Collaboration, we explore the $qqc\overline{c}c$ ($q=u$ or $d$) pentaquark systems in the quark delocalization color screening model. The interaction between baryons and mesons and the influence of channel coupling are studied in this work. Three compact $qqc\overline{c}c$ pentaquark states are obtained, whose masses are 5259 MeV with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-})$, 5396 MeV with $I(J^P)=1(1/2^{-})$, and 5465 MeV with $I(J^P)=1(3/2^{-})$. Two molecular states are obtained, which are $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-}){\mathrm{\Lambda }}_{c}J/\psi$ with 5367 MeV and $I(J^P)=0(5/2^{-}){\mathrm{\Xi }}_{cc}^{*}{\overline{D}}^{*}$ with 5690 MeV. These predicted states may provide important information for future experimental search.

This paper introduces a transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) factorization scheme designed to unify both large and small Bjorken-x regimes. We compute the next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections to the gluon TMD operator for an unpolarized hadron within this proposed scheme. This leads to the emergence of a new TMD evolution, incorporating those in transverse momentum, rapidity, and Bjorken-x. When matched to the collinear factorization scheme, our factorization scheme faithfully reproduces the well-established Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi and Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) evolutions. Conversely, matching with high-energy factorization not only yields the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov evolution but also reveals distinctive signatures of CSS logarithms. The development of this novel TMD factorization scheme, capable of seamlessly reconciling disparate Bjorken-x regimes and faithfully reproducing established QCD evolution equations, has the potential to significantly advance our comprehension of high-energy processes and three-dimensional parton structures of hadrons.

Motivated by recent advances in experimental measurements of heavy baryon decays, the charmonium decays of single $b$ baryon are investigated systematically in the framework of perturbative QCD approach. We calculate the decay branching ratios and helicity amplitudes as well as many pertinent decay asymmetry parameters that characterize the angular decay distributions. In particular, we estimate the fragmentation fractions of $b$ quark to $b$ baryons based on the current world averages of the branching ratio multiplied by fragmentation fraction. Some of the featured results are compared with the predictions of other approaches and experimental data. We also evaluate the branching ratios and angular asymmetries of the ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_b$ and ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_b^{\prime }$ decay modes, which have neither been measured experimentally nor calculated theoretically. Our results could be helpful for a future experimental search for them and provide deeper insights in the understanding of the dynamics of heavy-flavor weak decay processes.

In the paper we recalculate and discuss high-precision theoretical predictions for cross sections of the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to ZZ$. We assume a complete one-loop implementation and a possibility of estimating the initial state polarizations, as well as the full-phase calculation. Numerical results are provided by our Monte Carlo tools MCSANC integrator and ReneSANCe generator for typical energies and degrees of polarization of ILC and CLIC projects in two $\alpha (0)$ and $G_{\mu }$ electroweak schemes.

We employ the Einstein-Abelian-Higgs theory to investigate the structure of vortex-antivortex lattices within a superconductor driven by spatial periodic magnetic fields. By adjusting the parameters of the external magnetic field, including the period ($\mathcal{T}$) and the amplitude ($B_0$), various distinct vortex states emerge. These states encompass the Wigner crystallization state, the vortex cluster state, and the suppressed state. Additionally, we present a comprehensive phase diagram to demarcate the specific regions where these structures emerge, contributing to our understanding of superconductivity in complex magnetic environments.

We explore the consequences of relativistic causality and covariant stability for short-wavelength dispersion relations in classical systems. For excitations described by a finite number of partial differential equations, as is the case in relativistic hydrodynamics, we give causality and covariant stability constraints on the excitation’s frequency at large momenta.

We study the protocol of entanglement harvesting when the particle detectors that harvest entanglement from the field are replaced by fully relativistic quantum field theories. We show that two localized modes of the quantum field theories are able to harvest the same amount of leading order entanglement as two nonrelativistic particle detectors, thus implying that quantum field theoretical probes can generally harvest more entanglement than particle detectors. These results legitimize the use of particle detectors to study entanglement harvesting regardless of their internally nonrelativistic nature.

A direct detection of black hole formation in neutron star mergers would provide invaluable information about matter in neutron star cores and finite temperature effects on the nuclear equation of state. We study black hole formation in neutron star mergers using a set of $\mathrm{190}$ numerical relativity simulations consisting of long-lived and black-hole-forming remnants. The postmerger gravitational-wave spectrum of a long-lived remnant has greatly reduced power at a frequency $f$ greater than $f_{\mathrm{peak}}$, for $f\gtrsim 4\mathrm{kHz}$, with $f_{\mathrm{peak}}\in [2.5,4]\mathrm{kHz}$. On the other hand, black-hole-forming remnants exhibit excess power in the same large $f$ region and manifest exponential damping in the time domain characteristic of a quasinormal mode. We demonstrate that the gravitational-wave signal from a collapsed remnant is indeed a quasinormal ringing. We report on the opportunity for direct detections of black hole formation with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors such as Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope and set forth the tantalizing prospect of such observations up to a distance of 100 Mpc for an optimally oriented and located source with an SNR of 4.

We propose a general class of scalar-teleparallel theories, which are based on a scalar field which is coupled to a flat connection with torsion and nonmetricity, and study its post-Newtonian limit using the parametrized post-Newtonian formalism. We find that among this class there are theories whose post-Newtonian limit fully agrees with general relativity; for others only the parameters $\beta$ and $\gamma$ deviate from their general relativity values $\beta =\gamma =1$, while all other parameters remain the same, thus preserving total momentum conservation, local Lorentz invariance and local position invariance; finally, we also find theories whose post-Newtonian limit is pathological. Our main result is a full classification of the proposed theories into these different cases. We apply our findings to a number of simpler classes of theories and show that for these a subset of the aforementioned cases can be found.

In general relativity, when two black holes merge they produce a rotating (Kerr) black hole remnant. According to perturbation theory, the remnant emits “ringdown” radiation; a superposition of exponentials with characteristic complex frequencies that depend only on the remnant’s mass and spin. While the goal of the black hole spectroscopy program is to measure the quasinormal mode frequencies, a knowledge of their amplitudes and phases is equally important to determine which modes are detectable, and possibly to perform additional consistency checks. Unlike the complex frequencies, the amplitudes and phases depend on the properties of the binary progenitors, such as the binary mass ratio and component spins. In this paper we develop a fitting algorithm designed to reliably identify the modes present in numerical simulations and to extract their amplitudes and phases. We apply the algorithm to over 500 binary black hole simulations from the public SXS numerical relativity simulation catalog, and we present fitting formulas for the resulting mode amplitudes and phases as functions of the properties of the progenitors. Crucially, our algorithm allows for the extraction of not only prograde fundamental modes and overtones, but also retrograde modes and second-order modes. We unveil interesting relations for the amplitude ratios of different modes. The fitting code and interactive versions of some of the plots are publicly available [1]. The results presented in this paper can be updated as more and better simulations become available.

We investigate the cosmological collider (CC) signal arising from the tree-level exchange of a scalar spectator particle with a non-Bunch-Davies (BD) initial state. We decompose the inflaton correlators into seed integrals, which we compute analytically by solving the bootstrap equations. We show that the non-BD initial state eliminates the Hubble-scale Boltzmann suppression $e^{-\pi m/H}$ that usually affects the CC signal. Consequently, in this scenario, the CC can probe an energy scale much higher than the inflationary Hubble scale $H$.

We explore the collapsar scenario for long gamma-ray bursts by performing axisymmetric neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations in full general relativity for the first time. In this paper, we pay particular attention to the outflow energy and the evolution of the black-hole spin. We show that for a strong magnetic field with an aligned field configuration initially given, a jet is launched by magnetohydrodynamical effects before the formation of a disk and a torus, and after the jet launch, the matter accretion onto the black hole is halted by the strong magnetic pressure, leading to the spin-down of the black hole due to the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. The spin-down timescale depends strongly on the magnetic-field strength initially given because the magnetic-field strength on the black-hole horizon, which is determined by the mass infall rate at the jet launch, depends strongly on the initial condition, although the total jet-outflow energy appears to be huge $>{10}^{53}\mathrm{erg}$ depending only weakly on the initial field strength and configuration. For the models in which the magnetic-field configuration is not suitable for quick jet launch, a torus is formed, and after a long-term magnetic-field amplification, a jet can be launched. For this case, the matter accretion onto the black hole continues even after the jet launch, and black-hole spin-down is not found. We also find that the jet launch is often accompanied by the powerful explosion of the entire star with the explosion energy of order ${10}^{52}\mathrm{erg}$ by magnetohydrodynamical effects. We discuss an issue of the overproduced energy for the early-jet-launch models.

We investigate the extension to finite temperatures and neutrino chemical potentials of a recently developed nonlocal chiral quark model approach to the equation of state of neutron star matter. We consider two light quark flavors and current-current interactions in the scalar-pseudoscalar, vector, and diquark pairing channels, where the nonlocality of the currents is taken into account by a Gaussian form factor that depends on the spatial components of the 4-momentum. Within this framework, we analyze order parameters, critical temperatures, phase diagrams, equations of state, and mass-radius relations for different temperatures and neutrino chemical potentials. For parameters of the model that are constrained by recent multimessenger observations of neutron stars, we find that the mass-radius diagram for isothermal hybrid star sequences exhibits the thermal twin phenomenon for temperatures above 30 MeV.

For charmonium’s decaying to the final states involving merely light quarks, in light of $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry, the effective interaction Hamiltonian in tensor form is obtained by virtue of group representation theory. The strong and electromagnetic breaking effects are treated as a spurion octet so that the flavor singlet principle can be utilized as the criterion to determine the form of effective Hamiltonian for all charmonium two body decays. Moreover, a synthetic nonet is introduced to include both octet and singlet representations for meson description, and resorting to the mixing angle, the pure octet and singlet states are combined into the observable pseudoscalar and vector particles, so that the empirically effective Hamiltonian can be obtained in a concise way. As an application, by virtue of this scenario the relative phase between the strong and electromagnetic amplitudes is studied for vector-pseudoscalar meson final state. In data analysis of samples taken in an $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider, the details of experimental effects, such as energy spread and initial state radiative correction, are taken into consideration in order to make full use of experimental information and acquire accurate and delicate results.

We investigate the ability of $\mu \to e$ facilities, Mu2e and COMET, to probe, or discover, new physics with their detector validation datasets. The validation of the detector response may be performed using a dedicated run with ${\mu }^{+}$, collecting data below the Michel edge, $E_e\lesssim 52\mathrm{MeV}$; an alternative strategy using ${\pi }^{+}\to e^{+}{\nu }_e$ may also be considered. We focus primarily on a search for a monoenergetic $e^{+}$ produced via two-body decays ${\mu }^{+}\to e^{+}X$ or ${\pi }^{+}\to e^{+}X$, with $X$ a light new physics particle. Mu2e can potentially explore new parameter space beyond present astrophysical and laboratory constraints for a set of well motivated models including axionlike particles with flavor violating couplings (${\mu }^{+}\to e^{+}a$), massive $Z^{\prime }$ bosons (${\mu }^{+}\to Z^{\prime }{e}^{+}$), and heavy neutral leptons (${\pi }^{+}\to e^{+}N$). The projected sensitivities presented herein can be achieved in a matter of days.

We propose a new kind of axion model derived from the grand unified theory (GUT) based on $\mathrm{SU}(5)\times \mathrm{U}(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$. We demonstrate that, given a certain charge assignment and potential flavor models, the axion is naturally hadrophobic and provides a novel explanation for the required condition using isospin symmetry. This axion can be the QCD axion that solves the strong $CP$ problem. Furthermore, to satisfy the limit on the axion-electron coupling from the tip of the red giant branch, we impose the condition of electrophobia to determine a possible Peccei-Quinn charge assignment consistent with GUT. We then discuss the possibility that the hadrophobic and electrophobic axion serves as an inflaton and dark matter, as in the axionlike particle miracle scenario. Interestingly, in the viable parameter region, the strong $CP$ phase must be suppressed, providing another solution to the strong $CP$ problem. This scenario is intimately linked to flavor physics, dark matter searches, and stellar cooling. Detecting such an axion with peculiar couplings in various experiments would serve as a probe for GUT and the origin of flavor.

We propose a dynamical scoto-seesaw mechanism using a gauged $B-L$ symmetry. Dark matter is reconciled with neutrino mass generation, in such a way that the atmospheric scale arises a la seesaw, while the solar scale is scotogenic, arising radiatively from the exchange of “dark” states. This way we “explain” the solar-to-atmospheric scale ratio. The TeV-scale seesaw mediator and the two dark fermions carry different $B-L$ charges. Dark matter stability follows from the residual matter parity that survives $B-L$ breaking. Besides having collider tests, the model implies sizable charged lepton flavor violating (cLFV) phenomena, including Goldstone boson emission processes.