Recently, an association of GW190425 and FRB 20190425A had been claimed and a highly magnetized neutron star (NS) remnant was speculated. Given the $\sim 2.5$-h delay of the occurrence of FRB 20190425A, a uniformly rotating supramassive magnetar is favored since the differential rotation would have been promptly terminated by the magnetic braking. The required maximum gravitational mass ($M_{\mathrm{TOV}}$) of the nonrotating NS is $\approx 2.77M_{\odot }$, which is strongly in tension with the relatively low $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}\approx 2.25M_{\odot }$ obtained in current equation of state (EOS) constraints incorporating perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) information. However, the current mass-radius and mass-tidal deformability measurements of NSs alone do not convincingly exclude the high $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}$ possibility. By performing EOS constraints with mock measurements, we find that with a 2% determination for the radius of PSR $\mathrm{J}0740+6620$-like NS it is possible to distinguish between the low and high $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}$ scenarios. We further explore the prospect to resolve the issue of the appropriate density to impose the pQCD constraints with future massive NS observations or determinations of $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}$ and/or $R_{\mathrm{TOV}}$. It turns out that measuring the radius of a PSR $\mathrm{J}0740+6620$-like NS is insufficient to probe the EOSs around 5 nuclear saturation density, where the information from pQCD becomes relevant. The additional precise $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}$ measurements anyhow could provide insights into the EOS at such a density. Indeed, supposing the central engine of GRB 170817A is a black hole formed via the collapse of a supramassive NS, the resulting $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}\approx 2.2M_{\odot }$ considerably softens the EOS at the center of the most massive NS, which is in favor of imposing the pQCD constraint at density beyond the one achievable in the NSs.

The beryllium isotopic fluxes are measured up to $12\mathrm{GeV}/n$ energies by the AMS-02 Collaboration with unprecedented precision. As secondary cosmic rays (CRs), the Be isotopes include both stable and unstable species, which are crucial for constraining the propagation parameters of the Galactic CRs. However, when constraining the Galactic propagation parameters it shows inconsistency by using ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be}/{}^9\mathrm{Be}$ and by using Be/B data. We attribute this mainly to the uncertainties of the ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ production cross section, while the ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ have much better cross section measurements. Therefore, we employ ${}^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}^7\mathrm{Be}$, instead of ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$, to constrain the propagation parameters. We parametrize the cross sections that utilize all the available experimental data. The propagation parameters are well-constrained, with the diffusion halo thickness at $5.67\pm 0.76\mathrm{kpc}$, representing a moderate value compared to previous analogous works. Combining the well-constrained CR propagation model and the recent measurements of ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ flux, we conversely constrain the major production cross section of ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ and find that it ought to be remarkably lower than previously thought. With the revised ${}^9\mathrm{Be}$ production cross section the predicted $\mathrm{Be}/\mathrm{B}$ ratio by the propagation model is now consistent with the measurement of AMS-02. It should be noted that with the unprecedented precision of the CR data measured by AMS-02 the CR data are potentially used to check the nucleon production cross sections, as shown in the present work.

We use the concept of coadded rotation curves of Salucci et al. to investigate the properties of axisymmetric multistate scalar field dark matter (SFDM) halos in low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies and dwarf disc galaxies. To this end, we expand the wave function of the scalar field into its multistates and solve the field equations numerically. We fit their rotation curves in two-state configurations finding that a two-state configuration fits better than the single ground-state (soliton) configuration in the dwarf disc and in the smaller of the LSB galaxies. We obtain a SFDM mass $\mu =2.38\pm 0.12\times {10}^{-23}\mathrm{eV}/c^2$ for the dwarf disc galaxies and $\mu =1.05\pm 0.14\times {10}^{-23}\mathrm{eV}/c^2$ for the smaller of the LSB galaxies. For the larger of the LSB galaxies a mass of the order of $\mu =O({10}^{-24})-O({10}^{-25})\mathrm{eV}/c^2$ is obtained, where the mass $\mu$ is the effective mass measured by an outside observer due to the finite temperature of the SFDM in the galaxy.

The COSINUS direct dark matter experiment situated at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy is set to investigate the nature of the annually modulating signal detected by the $\mathrm{DAMA}/\mathrm{LIBRA}$ experiment. COSINUS has already demonstrated that sodium iodide crystals can be operated at mK temperature as cryogenic scintillating calorimeters using transition edge sensors, despite the complication of handling a hygroscopic and low melting point material. With results from a new COSINUS prototype, we show that particle discrimination on an event-by-event basis in NaI is feasible using the dual-channel readout of both phonons and scintillation light. The detector was mounted in the novel remoTES design and operated in an above-ground facility for $9.06\mathrm{g}·\mathrm{d}$ of exposure. With a 3.7 g NaI crystal, $e^{-}/\gamma$ events could be clearly distinguished from nuclear recoils down to the nuclear recoil energy threshold of 20 keV.

Detection confidence of the source-agnostic gravitational-wave burst search pipeline BayesWave is quantified by the log signal-versus-glitch Bayes factor, $\ln {\mathcal{B}}_{\mathcal{S},\mathcal{G}}$. A recent study shows that $\ln {\mathcal{B}}_{\mathcal{S},\mathcal{G}}$ increases with the number of detectors. However, the increasing frequency of non-Gaussian noise transients (glitches) in expanded detector networks is not accounted for in the study. Glitches can mimic or mask burst signals resulting in false alarm detections, consequently reducing detection confidence. This paper presents an empirical study on the impact of false alarms on the overall performance of BayesWave, with expanded detector networks. The noise background of BayesWave for the Hanford-Livingston (HL, two-detector) and Hanford-Livingston-Virgo (HLV, three-detector) networks are measured using a set of nonastrophysical background triggers from the first half of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s Third Observing Run (O3a). Efficiency curves are constructed by combining $\ln {\mathcal{B}}_{\mathcal{S},\mathcal{G}}$ of simulated binary black hole signals with the background measurements, to characterize BayesWaves’s detection efficiency as a function of the per-trigger false alarm probability. The HL and HLV network efficiency curves are shown to be similar. A separate analysis finds that detection significance of O3 gravitational-wave candidates as measured by BayesWave are also comparable for the HL and HLV networks. Consistent results from the two independent analyses suggests that the overall burst detection performance of BayesWave does not improve with the addition of Virgo at O3a sensitivity, because the increased false alarm probability offsets the advantage of higher $\ln {\mathcal{B}}_{\mathcal{S},\mathcal{G}}$.

Radiative effects in semi-inclusive hadron leptoproduction of unpolarized particles are calculated within the leading order approximation. The contributions of the infrared-free sum of the effects of real and virtual photon emission as well as the contribution of the exclusive radiative tail are considered. It is demonstrated how the obtained formulas in the leading log approximation can be obtained using the standard approach of the leading log approximation as well as from the exact expressions for the radiative correction of the lowest order. The method of the electron structure function is used to calculate the higher order corrections. The results are analytically compared to the results obtained by other groups. Numeric illustrations are given in the kinematics of the modern experiments at Jefferson Laboratory.

We address a general problem in the evaluation of triangle loops stemming from the consideration of the range of the interaction involved in some of the vertices, as well as the energy dependence of the width of some unstable particles in the loop. We find sizeable corrections from both effects. We apply that to a loop relevant to the $D_s^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0\eta$ decay, and find reductions of about a factor of 4 in the mass distribution of invariant mass of the $\pi \eta$ in the region of the $a_0(980)$. The method used is based on the explicit analytical evaluation of the $q^0$ integration in the $d^{4}q$ loop integration, using Cauchy’s residues method, which at the same time offers an insight on the convergence of the integrals and the effect of form factors and cutoffs.

Since the quark model was put forward, theoretical researchers have always attached great importance to the study of hidden color channels (including color octets and diquark structure). Because of the influence of color van der Waals forces, the hidden color channel itself has strong attraction, which provides a dynamic mechanism for the formation of a resonance state or bound state. In this paper, taking the $T_{cc}$ system as an example, under the framework of the Gaussian expansion method, a set of relatively complete color singlets (that is, the ground state of the color singlet plus its corresponding higher-order component) is used to replace the contribution of the color octet. Similarly, we endeavor to replace the diquark structure with a relatively complete set of molecular states, encompassing both the ground state and excited states. Our results demonstrate that the color-octet structure can be effectively replaced by a set of relatively complete color-singlet bases, while the diquark structure cannot be entirely substituted by an equivalently comprehensive set of molecular state bases.

Thermalization of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma is one of the most promising phenomena for understanding the strong interaction. The energy loss and momentum broadening at low momentum can be well described by a stochastic process with drag and diffusion terms. Recent advances in quantum computing, in particular, quantum amplitude estimation (QAE), promise to provide a quadratic speedup in simulating stochastic processes. We introduce and formalize an accelerated quantum circuit Monte Carlo (aQCMC) framework to simulate heavy quark thermalization. With simplified drag and diffusion coefficients connected by Einstein’s relation, we simulate the thermalization of a heavy quark in isotropic and anisotropic mediums using an ideal quantum simulator and compare that to thermal expectations. With Grover-like QAE, we calculate physical observables with quadratically fewer resources, which is a boost over the classical MC simulation that usually requires a large sampling number at the same estimation accuracy.

The Belle Collaboration has recently measured the complete set of angular coefficient functions for the exclusive decays $\overline{B}\to D^{*}(D\pi )\ell {\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$, with $\ell =e$, $\mu$, in four bins of the parameter $w=\frac{m_B^2+m_{D^{*}}^2-q^2}{2m_B{m}_{D^{*}}}$, with $q$ the lepton pair momentum [M. T. Prim et al. (Belle Collaboration), arXiv:2310.20286]. Under the assumption that physics beyond the Standard Model does not contribute to such modes, the measurements are useful to determine the hadronic form factors describing the $B\to D^{*}$ matrix elements of the Standard Model weak current, and to improve the determination of $|V_{cb}|$. On the other hand, they can be used to assess the impact of possible new physics contributions. In a bottom-up approach, we extend the Standard Model effective Hamiltonian governing this mode with the inclusion of the full set of Lorentz invariant $\mathrm{d}=6$ operators compatible with the gauge symmetry of the theory. The measured angular coefficient functions can tightly constrain the couplings in the generalized Hamiltonian. We present the first results of this analysis, discussing how improvements can be achieved when more complete data on the angular coefficient functions will be available.

In this paper, we determine a basis for the on-shell four-point amplitudes $VVVV$ for Standard Model gauge bosons $V=W^{\pm },Z,\gamma ,g$. Following previous work, this completes the analysis of three- and four-point amplitudes for the Standard Model and could be used for model-independent searches for beyond the Standard Model physics at colliders. Our results include a Lagrangian parametrization for the “primary” amplitudes, where including additional derivatives leads to the Mandelstam “descendant” amplitudes, and upper bounds on the coupling constants from imposing unitarity. We also perform an estimate for the sensitivity for new $Z$ decays at the High-Luminosity LHC, finding that $Z\to \gamma \overline{\ell }\ell$ could be searched for, but that other decay modes, like $Z\to (\gamma \gamma \gamma ,\gamma gg)$, are too small to be discovered after imposing unitarity constraints.

We propose a gauged $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ version of the light Dirac neutrino portal dark matter. The $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry provides a UV completion by naturally accommodating three right-handed neutrinos from anomaly cancellation requirements which, in combination with the left-handed neutrinos, form the sub-eV Dirac neutrinos after electroweak symmetry breaking. The particle content and the gauge charges are chosen in such a way that light neutrinos remain purely Dirac and dark matter, a gauge singlet Dirac fermion, remain stable. We consider both thermal and nonthermal production possibilities of dark matter and correlate the corresponding parameter space with the one within reach of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments sensitive to enhanced relativistic degrees of freedom $\mathrm{\Delta }{N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$. The interplay of dark matter, CMB, structure formation and other terrestrial constraints keep the scenario very predictive leading the $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ parameter space into tight corners.

Axionlike particles (ALPs) are promising dark matter candidates. Their signals in direct detection experiments arise from the well-known inverse Primakoff effect or the inverse Compton scattering of ALPs with the electron. In this paper, we revisit the direct detection of ALP by carefully considering the interference between the inverse Primakoff amplitude and the inverse Compton amplitude in the scattering process $a+e\to e+\gamma$ for the first time. It shows that the contribution of the interference term turns to be dominated in the scattering for a large ALP energy. Given the new analytical formula, signals or constraints of ALP couplings in various projected experiments are investigated. Our results show that these experiments may put strong constraints on ALP couplings for relatively heavy ALP. We further study projected constraints on ALP from the JUNO experiment, which shows competitive constraints on ALP couplings using a ten-year exposure.

In this work we probe the QCD Anderson transition by studying spectral distributions of the massless overlap operator on gauge configurations created by the twisted mass at finite temperature collaboration (tmfT) with $2+1+1$ flavors of dynamical quarks and the Iwasaki gauge action. We assess finite-size and discretization effects by considering two different lattice spacings and several physical volumes, and mimic the approach to the continuum limit through stereographic projection. Fitting the inflection points of the participation ratios of the overlap Dirac eigenmodes, we obtain estimates of the temperature dependence of the mobility edge, below which quark modes are localized. We observe that it is well described by a quadratic polynomial and systematically vanishes at temperatures below the pseudocritical one of the chiral transition. In fact, our best estimates within errors overlap with that of the chiral phase transition temperature of QCD in the chiral limit.

We perform a lattice calculation on the radiative decay of $D_s^{*}$ using the ($2+1$)-flavor Wilson-clover gauge ensembles generated by CLQCD collaboration. A method allowing us to calculate the form factor with zero transfer momentum is proposed and applied to the radiative transition $D_s^{*}\to D_s\gamma$ and the Dalitz decay $D_s^{*}\to D_s{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$. After a continuum extrapolation using three lattice spacings, we obtain $\mathrm{\Gamma }(D_s^{*}\to D_s\gamma )=0.0549(54)\mathrm{keV}$, where the error is purely statistical. The result is consistent with previous lattice calculations but with a error reduced to only a fifth of the before. The Dalitz decay rate is also calculated for the first time and the ratio with the radiative transition is found to be $R_{ee}=0.624(3)\%$. A total decay width of $D_s^{*}$ can then be determined as 0.0587(54) keV taking into account the experimental branching fraction. Combining with the most recent experimental measurement on the branching fraction of the purely leptonic decay $D_s^{+,*}\to e^{+}{\nu }_e$, we obtain the quantity $f_{D_s^{*}}|V_{cs}|=({190.5}_{-41.7_{\mathrm{stat}}}^{+55.1}\pm {12.6}_{\mathrm{syst}})\mathrm{MeV}$, where the stat. is only the statistical error from the experiment, and syst. results from the experimental systematic uncertainty and the lattice statistical error. Our result leads to an improved systematic uncertainty compared to ${42.7}_{\mathrm{syst}}$ obtained using previous lattice prediction of total decay width 0.070(28) keV as the input.

We investigate the mass spectrum of the molecular pentaquarks composed of a baryon and a meson. We establish the underlying relations among the near-threshold interactions of the molecular tetraquark and pentaquark systems. We find the existence of the molecule candidates in the ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, $D{D}^{*}$, and $D{\overline{D}}^{*}$ systems indicates a substantial presence of the hadronic molecules in the heavy baryon plus heavy meson systems (heavy refers to the hadrons with the $c$ and/or $s$ quarks). We make an exhaustive prediction of the possible bound/virtual molecular states in the systems: ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{(*)}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{(*)}{D}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{D}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{(*)}{K}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{(*)}{\overline{K}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{K}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_c^{(\prime ,*)}{\overline{K}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{cc}^{(*)}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{cc}^{(*)}{D}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{cc}^{(*)}{K}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{cc}^{(*)}{\overline{K}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{(*)}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{(*)}{D}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{(*)}{\overline{D}}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{(*)}{D}^{(*)}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{(*)}{K}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}^{(*)}{\overline{K}}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{(*)}{K}^{*}$, ${\mathrm{\Xi }}^{(*)}{\overline{K}}^{*}$. Hunting for the predicted states in experiments will significantly deepen our understanding of the formation mechanism of the hadronic molecules, and shed light on the manifestation of flavor symmetry in the low-energy residual strong interactions.

We investigate the impact of the magnetic field generated by colliding nuclei on heavy quark-antiquark interactions and heavy quark dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). By means of the hard-thermal-loop resummation technique combined with dimension-two gluon condensates, the static heavy quark potential and heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient, which incorporate both perturbative and nonperturbative interactions between heavy quarks and the QGP medium, are computed beyond the lowest Landau level approximation. We find that the imaginary part of the heavy quark potential in the magnetic field exhibits significant anisotropy. Specifically, the absolute value of the imaginary part is larger when the quark-antiquark separation is aligned perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, compared to when it is aligned parallel to the magnetic field direction. The heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient in the magnetized QGP medium also becomes anisotropic. As the temperature rises, the influence of higher Landau levels becomes increasingly significant, resulting in a decrease in the anisotropy ratio of the heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient to values even below 1. At sufficiently high temperatures, this ratio ultimately approaches 1. The nonperturbative interactions are indispensable for understanding heavy quark dynamics in the low-temperature region. We also study the response of viscous quark matter to the magnetic field and explore its implications for heavy quark potential, thermal decay widths of quarkonium states, as well as heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient.

We study the $J/\psi \to \varphi {\pi }^{+}{a}_0(980{)}^{-}(a_0^{-}\to {\pi }^{-}\eta )$ decay, evaluating the double mass distribution in terms of the ${\pi }^{-}\eta$ and ${\pi }^{+}{a}_0^{-}$ invariant masses. We show that the ${\pi }^{-}\eta$ mass distribution exhibits the typical cusp structure of the $a_0(980)$ seen in recent high statistics experiments, and the ${\pi }^{+}{a}_0^{-}$ spectrum shows clearly a peak around $M_{\mathrm{inv}}({\pi }^{+}{a}_0^{-})=1420\mathrm{MeV}$, corresponding to a triangle singularity. When integrating over the two invariant masses we find a branching ratio for this decay of the order of ${10}^{-5}$, which is easily accessible in present laboratories. We also call attention to the fact that the signal obtained is compatible with a bump experimentally observed in the $\eta {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ mass distribution in the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decay and encourage further analysis to extract from there the $\varphi {\pi }^{+}{a}_0^{-}$ and $\varphi {\pi }^{-}{a}_0^{+}$ decay modes.

We compare the relative importance of different mechanisms for polarized $J/\psi$ production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes at large $Q^2$. The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization framework and nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics are used to study the leading contributions from light quark fragmentation to polarized $J/\psi$, and compared to direct production via photon-gluon fusion, which can proceed through color-singlet as well as color-octet mechanisms. We identify kinematic regimes where light quark fragmentation dominates, allowing for the extraction of the ${{}^{3}S}_1^{[8]}$ matrix element, as well as regimes where photon gluon fusion dominates, suggesting that the gluon TMD parton distribution function can be probed.