We propose a leptogenesis scenario where baryon asymmetry generation is assisted by the kinetic motion of the Majoron, $J$, in the process of lepton-number violating inverse decays of a right-handed neutrino, $N$. We investigate two distinct scenarios depending on the sources of a Majoron kinetic motion: (1) the misalignment mechanism, and (2) the kinetic misalignment mechanism. The former case can naturally generate the observed baryon asymmetry for the Majoron mass $m_J\gtrsim \mathrm{TeV}$ and the right-handed neutrino’s mass $M_N\gtrsim {10}^{11}\mathrm{GeV}$. However, an additional decay channel of the Majoron is required to avoid the overclosure problem of the Majoron oscillation. The later scenario works successfully for $m_J\lesssim 100\mathrm{keV}$ and $M_N\lesssim {10}^9\mathrm{GeV}$ while $M_N$ can be even far below the temperature of the electroweak phase transition as long as sufficiently large kinetic misalignment is provided. We also find that a sub-100 keV Majoron is a viable candidate for dark matter.

Continuous gauge theories, because of their bosonic degrees of freedom, have an infinite-dimensional local Hilbert space. Encoding these degrees of freedom on qubit-based hardware demands some sort of “qubitization” scheme, where one approximates the behavior of a theory while using only finitely many degrees of freedom. We propose a novel qubitization strategy for gauge theories, called “fuzzy gauge theory,” building on the success of the fuzzy $\sigma$-model in earlier work. We provide arguments that the fuzzy gauge theory lies in the same universality class as regular gauge theory, in which case its use would obviate the need of any further limit besides the usual spatial continuum limit. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these models are relatively resource-efficient for quantum simulations.

Entanglement entropy, taken here to be geometric, requires a geometrically separable Hilbert space. In lattice gauge theories, it is not immediately clear if the physical Hilbert space is geometrically separable. In a previous paper we have shown that the physical Hilbert space in pure gauge Abelian lattice theories exhibits some form of geometric scaling with the lattice volume, which suggest that the space is locally factorizable and, therefore, geometrically separable. In this paper, we provide strong evidence that indicates that this scaling is not present when the group is non-Abelian. We do so by looking at the scaling of the dimension of the physical Hilbert space of theories with certain discrete groups. The lack of an appropriate scaling implies that the physical Hilbert space of such a theory does not admit a local factorization. We then extend the reasoning, as sensibly possible, to $SU(2)$ and $SU(N)$ to reach the same conclusion. Lastly, we show that the addition of matter fields to non-Abelian lattice gauge theories makes the resulting physical Hilbert space locally factorizable.

We investigate the transverse energy-energy correlators (TEEC) in the small-$x$ regime at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Focusing on the back-to-back production of electron-hadron pairs in both $ep$ and $eA$ collisions, we establish a factorization formula given in terms of the hard function, quark distributions, soft functions, and TEEC jet functions, where the gluon saturation effect is incorporated. Numerical results for TEEC in both $ep$ and $eA$ collisions are presented, together with the nuclear modification factor $R_A$. Our analysis reveals that TEEC observables in deep inelastic scattering provide a valuable approach for probing gluon saturation phenomena. Our findings underscore the significance of measuring TEEC at the EIC, emphasizing its efficacy in advancing our understanding of gluon saturation and nuclear modifications in high-energy collisions.

We have studied the mass spectra of the $P$-wave fully charm and fully bottom tetraquark states in the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) sum rules. We construct the interpolating currents by inserting the covariant derivative operator ${\overleftrightarrow{\mathcal{D}}}_{\mu }$ between the S-wave diquark and antidiquark fields. The excitation structures show that the pure $\lambda$-mode excited $P$-wave fully heavy tetraquarks exist for the quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{--},1^{-+},2^{--},2^{-+}$, and $3^{--}$, while it is difficult to separate the $\lambda$-mode and $\rho$-mode excitations in the $0^{-+}$ channel. Within three Lorentz indices, there is no pure $\lambda$-mode excited $P$-wave fully charm/bottom tetraquark operators with $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ and $3^{-+}$. Our results support that the recent observed $X(6900)$ and $X(7200)$ resonances could be interpreted as the $P$-wave fully charm $cc\overline{c}\overline{c}$ tetraquark states with $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ and $2^{-+}$, respectively. Some $P$-wave fully bottom $bb\overline{b}\overline{b}$ tetraquark states are predicted to be lower than the di-${\eta }_b(1S)$ and di-$\mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S)$ mass thresholds. Hopefully our calculations will be useful for identifying the nature of new exotic tetraquark states.

Scattering amplitudes involving three-particle scattering processes are investigated within the isobar approximation which respects constraints from two- and three-body unitarity. The particular system considered is the $D^0{D}^{*+}-D^{+}{D}^{*0}$, where the $D^{*+}$ $(D^{*0})$ enters as a $p$-wave $D^{+}{\pi }^0$ or $D^0{\pi }^{+}$ ($D^0{\pi }^0$ or $D^{+}{\pi }^{-}$) resonance. The interaction potentials in the coupled-channel $D^0{D}^{*+}-D^{+}{D}^{*0}$ system contain the $\sigma$, $\rho$, $\omega$, and $\pi$-exchange. The analytic continuation of the amplitudes across the three-body unitary cuts is investigated to search for poles on the unphysical Riemann sheets. Associated with an unstable particle $D^{*+}$ $(D^{*0})$ is a complex two-body unitarity cut, through which one can further analytically continue into another unphysical Riemann sheet. Dynamical singularities emerged from the $\pi$-exchange potential are stressed. The pole generated from the $D^0{D}^{*+}-D^{+}{D}^{*0}$ interaction and its line shape in $D^0{D}^0{\pi }^{+}$ break-up production are in agreement with double-charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^{+}$ observed by the LHCb Collaboration.

We present the resummation of one-jettiness for the color-singlet plus jet production process $pp\to ({\gamma }^{*}/Z\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-})+\text{jet}$ at hadron colliders up to the fourth logarithmic order (${\mathrm{N}}^3\mathrm{LL}$). This is the first resummation at this order for processes involving three colored partons at the Born level. We match our resummation formula to the corresponding fixed-order predictions, extending the validity of our results to regions of the phase space where further hard emissions are present. This result paves the way for the construction of next-to-next-to-leading order simulations for color-singlet plus jet production matched to parton showers in the geneva framework.

We study the role of renormalon cancellation schemes and perturbative scale choices in extractions of the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$ and the leading nonperturbative shift parameter ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_1$ from resummed predictions of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ event shape thrust. We calculate the thrust distribution to $\mathrm{N}{}^3\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{L}}^{\prime }$ resummed accuracy in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) matched to the fixed-order $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$ prediction, and perform a new high-statistics computation of the $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ matching in EERAD3, although we do not include the latter in our final ${\alpha }_s$ fits due to some observed systematics that require further investigation. We are primarily interested in testing the phenomenological impact sourced from varying amongst three renormalon cancellation schemes and two sets of perturbative scale profile choices. We then perform a global fit to available data spanning center-of-mass energies between 35–207 GeV in each scenario. Relevant subsets of our results are consistent with prior SCET-based extractions of ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$, but we are also led to a number of novel observations. Notably, we find that the combined effect of altering the renormalon cancellation scheme and profile parameters can lead to few-percent-level impacts on the extracted values in the ${\alpha }_s-{\mathrm{\Omega }}_1$ plane, indicating a potentially important systematic theory uncertainty that should be accounted for. We also observe that fits performed over windows dominated by dijet events are typically of a higher quality than those that extend into the far tails of the distributions, possibly motivating future fits focused more heavily in this region. Finally, we discuss how different estimates of the three-loop soft matching coefficient $c_{\tilde{S}}^3$ can also lead to measurable changes in the fitted $\{{\alpha }_s,{\mathrm{\Omega }}_1\}$ values.

Pseudo-Hermitian field theories possess a global continuous “similarity” symmetry, interconnecting the theories with the same physical particle content and an identical mass spectrum. In their regimes with real spectra, within this family of similarity transformations, there is a map from the non-Hermitian theory to its Hermitian similarity partner. We promote the similarity transformation to a local symmetry, which requires the introduction of a new vector similarity field as a connection in the similarity space of non-Hermitian theories. In the case of non-Hermitian two-flavor scalar or fermion mixing and by virtue of a novel IR/UV mixing effect, the effect of inhomogeneous non-Hermiticity then reveals itself via anomalous dispersion, instabilities, and superluminal group velocities at very high momenta, thus setting an upper bound on the particle momentum propagating through inhomogeneous backgrounds characterized by Lagrangians with non-Hermitian mass matrices. Such a non-Hermitian extension of the Standard Model of particle physics, encoded in a weak inhomogeneity of the non-Hermitian part of the fermion mass matrix, may nevertheless provide us with a low-energy particle spectrum consistent with experimentally observed properties.

In this work we explore the propagation of massive scalar fields on some wormhole backgrounds. On one side, we consider the Bronnikov-Ellis wormhole solution and wormhole geometries with a nonconstant redshift function by introducing a gravitational mass $M$, which goes over into the Bronnikov-Ellis wormhole when the gravitational mass parameter vanishes. We employ the continued fraction method to calculate accurately the quasinormal frequencies of massive scalar fields, particularly focusing on low values of the angular number, and we show an anomalous behavior of the decay rate of the quasinormal frequencies, for $n\ge \ell$. Also, we show that for a massive scalar field and $M\ne 0$ the effective potential allows potential wells for some values of the parameters which support bound states, which are obtained using the continued fraction method and they are characterized by having only a frequency of oscillation and they do not decay; however, for the Bronnikov-Ellis wormhole the effective potential do not support bound states. On the other side, we consider a wormhole geometry which is an exact solution of $f(R)$ modified gravity. For this geometry the quasinormal frequencies can be obtained analytically, being the longest-lived modes the ones with lowest angular number $\ell$. So, in this wormhole background the anomalous behavior is avoided.

The millihertz gravitational wave band is expected to be opened by space-borne detectors like TianQin. Various mechanisms can produce short outbursts of gravitational waves, whose actual waveform can be hard to model. In order to identify such gravitational wave bursts and not to misclassify them as noise transients, we proposed a proof-of-principle power excess method, that utilized the signal-insensitive channel to veto noise transients. We perform a test on simulated data, and for bursts with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20, even with the contamination of noise transient, our methods can reach a detection efficiency of 97.4% under a false alarm rate of once per year. However, more frequent occurrences of noise transients would lower the detection efficiency.

We derive the set of inequalities that is necessary and sufficient for nonlinear causality and linear stability of first-order relativistic hydrodynamics with either a $U(1{)}_V$ conserved current or a $U(1{)}_A$ current with a chiral anomaly or both. Our results apply to generic hydrodynamic frames in which no relations among the transport parameters are imposed. Furthermore, our analysis yields, to the best of our knowledge, the first theory of viscous chiral hydrodynamics proven to be causal and stable. We find that causality demands the absence of vorticity-induced heat flux, forcing a departure from the thermodynamic frame in the chiral case. The inequalities for causality and stability define a hypervolume in the space of transport parameters, wherein each point corresponds to a consistent formulation. Notably, causality is determined by just three combinations of transport parameters. We present our results in a form amenable to numerical hydrodynamic simulations.

An analysis of solar neutrino data from the fourth phase of Super-Kamiokande (SK-IV) from October 2008 to May 2018 is performed and the results are presented. The observation time of the dataset of SK-IV corresponds to 2970 days and the total live time for all four phases is 5805 days. For more precise solar neutrino measurements, several improvements are applied in this analysis: lowering the data acquisition threshold in May 2015, further reduction of the spallation background using neutron clustering events, precise energy reconstruction considering the time variation of the PMT gain. The observed number of solar neutrino events in 3.49–19.49 MeV electron kinetic energy region during SK-IV is ${\mathrm{65,443}}_{-388}^{+390}(\mathrm{stat}.)\pm 925(\mathrm{syst}.)$ events. Corresponding ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino flux is $(2.314\pm 0.014(\mathrm{stat}.)\pm 0.040(\mathrm{syst}.))\times {10}^6{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, assuming a pure electron-neutrino flavor component without neutrino oscillations. The flux combined with all SK phases up to SK-IV is $(2.336\pm 0.011(\mathrm{stat}.)\pm 0.043(\mathrm{syst}.))\times {10}^6{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. Based on the neutrino oscillation analysis from all solar experiments, including the SK 5805 days dataset, the best-fit neutrino oscillation parameters are ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{12,\mathrm{solar}}=0.306\pm 0.013$ and $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{21,\text{solar}}^2=(6.10_{-0.81}^{+0.95})\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{eV}}^2$, with a deviation of about $1.5\sigma$ from the $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{21}^2$ parameter obtained by KamLAND. The best-fit neutrino oscillation parameters obtained from all solar experiments and KamLAND are ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{12,\text{global}}=0.307\pm 0.012$ and $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{21,\text{global}}^2=(7.50_{-0.18}^{+0.19})\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{eV}}^2$.

An ongoing challenge in dark matter direct detection is to improve the sensitivity to light dark matter in the MeV–GeV mass range. One proposal is to dope a liquid noble-element direct-detection experiment with a lighter element such as hydrogen. This has the advantage of enabling larger recoil energies compared to scattering on a heavy target, while leveraging existing detector technologies. Direct-detection experiments can also extend their reach to lower masses by exploiting the Migdal effect, where a nuclear recoil leads to electronic ionization or excitation. In this work, we combine these ideas to study the sensitivity of a hydrogen-doped LZ experiment (HydroX) and a future large-scale experiment such as XLZD. We find that HydroX could have sensitivity to dark matter masses below 10 MeV for both spin-independent and spin-dependent scattering, with XLZD extending that reach to lower cross sections. Notably, this technique substantially enhances the sensitivity of direct detection to spin-dependent proton scattering, well beyond the reach of any current experiments.

Calabi-Yau fourfolds may be constructed as hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces of complex dimension five defined via weight systems of six weights. In this work, neural networks were implemented to learn the Calabi-Yau Hodge numbers from the weight systems, where gradient saliency and symbolic regression then inspired a truncation of the Landau-Ginzburg model formula for the Hodge numbers of any dimensional Calabi-Yau constructed in this way. The approximation always provides a tight lower bound, is shown to be dramatically quicker to compute (with computation times reduced by up to 4 orders of magnitude), and gives remarkably accurate results for systems with large weights. Additionally, complementary datasets of weight systems satisfying the necessary but insufficient conditions for transversality were constructed, including considerations of the interior point, reflexivity, and intradivisibility properties, overall producing a classification of this weight system landscape, further confirmed with machine learning methods. Using the knowledge of this classification and the properties of the presented approximation, a novel dataset of transverse weight systems consisting of seven weights was generated for a sum of weights $\le 200$, producing a new database of Calabi-Yau fivefolds, with their respective topological properties computed. Furthermore, an equivalent database of candidate Calabi-Yau sixfolds was generated with approximated Hodge numbers.

We study the nonunitary relation between quantum gravitational models defined using different internal times. We show that, despite the nonunitarity, it is possible to provide a prescription for making unambiguous, though restricted, physical predictions independent of specific clocks. To illustrate this result, we employ a model of quantum gravitational waves in a quantum Friedmann universe.

In this article, we examine $T$ dualization in the double space formalism of type II superstring theory in pure spinor formulation. All background fields are constant except the Ramond-Ramond field, which depends infinitesimally on bosonic coordinates $x^{\mu }$. In double space, $T$ dual transformations are represented as permutations of the starting $x^{\mu }$ and dual coordinates $y_{\mu }$. Combining these two sets of coordinates into the double coordinate $Z^M=(x^{\mu },y_{\mu })$, while demanding that the $T$ dual double coordinate has the same $T$ dual transformation law as the initial ones, we obtain how background fields transform under $T$ duality. Comparing these results with ones obtained using the Buscher $T$ dualization procedure, we conclude that these two approaches are equivalent for the considered choice of the background fields.

We show that gauge fields after a spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) mechanism do not have a Gribov problem along the broken directions. In order to make this proof, we describe a gauge fixing procedure inspired on Morse’s theory leading to the concept of a gauge fixing generating functional. This approach is specially suited in order to understand the unitary gauges of ’t Hooft. The conclusion is that after a SSB process, the generalized Faddeev-Popov operator acquires a positive definite value along the broken directions. We show how this works in the eletroweak $SU(2)XU(1)$ theory, where such a result is in fact expected as in this case the gauge fields acquire masses after the SSB. Then we apply this development to the $SL(3,c)$ confining model of Amaral et al. [A path to confine gluons and fermions through complex gauge theory, Phys. Rev. D 101, 094002 (2020)]. The final result explains why such confining mechanism is actually a solution to the Gribov problem for the confined gauge fields. These cases show that although confinement is not a general effect of the solution of the Gribov problem, as we can infer from the eletroweak example, its solution indeed seems to be necessary in order to achieve confinement. In the end, these conclusions allow us to speculate that the strong interaction confinement may be the result of some hidden SSB mechanism yet to be described.