We demonstrate the effectiveness of one of the many multitracer analyses enabled by optimal transport (OT) reconstruction. Leveraging a semidiscrete OT algorithm, we determine the displacements between initial and observed positions of biased tracers and the remaining matter field. With only redshift-space distorted final positions of biased tracers and a simple premise for the remaining mass distribution as input, OT solves the displacement field. This extracted field, assuming asymptotically uniform density and a gradient flow displacement, enables reconstruction of the initial overdensity fluctuation field. We show that the divergence of the OT displacement field is a good proxy of the linear density field, even though the method never assumes the linear theory growth. Additionally, this divergence field can be combined with the reconstructed protohalos to provide a higher signal-to-noise measurement of the baryon acoustic oscillations standard ruler than was possible with either measurement individually.

Accurate modeling of the multimessenger signatures connected to binary neutron star mergers requires proper knowledge on the final remnant’s fate and the conditions under which black holes (BHs) can form in such mergers. In this article, we use a suite of 84 numerical-relativity simulations in 28 different physical setups to explore the impact of the individual stars’ spin on the merger outcome and on the early postmerger dynamics. We find that for setups close to the prompt-collapse threshold, the stars’ intrinsic spin significantly changes the lifespan of the remnant before collapse and that the mass of the debris disk surrounding the BH is also altered. To enable a better understanding of BH formation, we check if there is at least a theoretical chance of observing densities that are above the maximum density allowed in a stable isolated neutron star, and we investigate the importance of different pressure contributions on the evolution of the postmerger remnant and BH formation.

Cosmological and astrophysical observations suggest that both energy densities of baryon and dark matter take the same order values in the present Universe. We propose a scenario to give an answer for this problem in a scotogenic model and its extension. The model naturally provides dark matter candidates as its crucial ingredients to explain the small neutrino mass. If a neutral component of an inert doublet scalar plays a role of dark matter and leptogenesis occurs at TeV scales, both dark matter abundance and baryon number asymmetry could be explained with a same mother particle. Coincidence between the order of their energy densities might be understood through such a background.

A small component of dark matter (DM) that is strongly interacting with the standard model sector is consistent with various experimental observations. Despite the small abundance, strongly interacting DM can lead to pronounced signals in DM direct detection experiments. We study Belle II sensitivity on strongly interacting DM that has a MeV-GeV mass and couples with electrons. By taking into account the substantial interactions between DM and electrons within detectors, we compute the “ceiling” of the monophoton signature at Belle II, beyond which the monophoton channel loses its sensitivity, and visible electromagnetic calorimeter (ECL) clusters due to DM scatterings assume significance. We study two ECL signatures for strongly interacting DM: the monocluster and the dicluster channels. To carry out detailed calculations and to compare with other constraints, we consider DM models with light mediators, as they naturally lead to sizable interaction cross sections. We compute exclusion regions for the dicluster, monocluster, and monophoton channels. We find that Belle II (with currently accumulated data of $362{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$) can rule out a significant portion of the parameter space above the ceilings of the constraints from various DM direct detection and neutrino experiments, for the vector mediator case with mass $\gtrsim 10\mathrm{MeV}$. Belle II also offers superior constraints on new light particles compared to primordial black hole (PBH) for the scalar mediator with mass $\gtrsim 10\mathrm{MeV}$.

We consider the most general effective Lagrangian up to dimension five, built with Standard Model fields and right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) $N_i$. Assuming that the RHNs are present near the electroweak scale, we study the phenomenology of the RHNs and highlight the differences that arise due to the inclusion of dimension five operators. We specifically focus on the production process $e^{+}{e}^{-}/pp\to N_i{N}_j$, which comes from the dimension five magnetic moment operator. We find that this production process followed by the decay chains such as $N_i\to N_j\gamma$, $N_i\to {\nu }_j\gamma$, and $N_i\to {\ell }^{\pm }jj$ leads to striking collider signatures, which might help to probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos. We discuss the current collider constraints on this operator, as well as projected limit at future colliders. In addition, we discuss the stellar-cooling bounds applicable to the RHN mass below 0.1 GeV.

We propose the ($3+1$)-dimensional ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ lattice gauge theory coupled with the 2-flavor Wilson-Dirac fermion as a toy model for studying quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at nonzero density. We study its phase diagram in the space of the lattice gauge couplings $g^2$ and the quark chemical potentials $\mu$ and discuss the similarity and difference compared with anticipated behaviors of actual QCD. This model also provides a testing ground for various algorithms of the numerical Hamiltonian formalism as its Hilbert space is finite-dimensional in a finite box.

We present a calculation for the masses of the first radially excited states of 40 mesons and diquarks made up of $u$, $d$, $s$, $c$, and $b$ quarks, including states that contain one or both heavy quarks. To this end, we employ a combined analysis of the Bethe-Salpeter and Schwinger-Dyson equations within a self-consistent and symmetry-preserving vector-vector contact interaction. The same set of parameters describes ground and excited states of mesons and their diquark partners. The wave function of the first radial excitation contains a zero whose location is correlated with an additional parameter $d_F$ which is a function of dressed quark masses. Our results satisfy the equal spacing rules given by the Gell-Mann Okubo mass relations. Wherever possible, we make comparisons of our findings with known experimental observations as well as theoretical predictions of several other models and approaches including lattice quantum chromodynamics, finding a very good agreement. We report predictions for a multitude of radial excitations not yet observed in experiments.

Radiative corrections due to initial state radiation in electron-positron annihilation are calculated within the QED structure function approach. Results are shown in the next-to-leading logarithmic approximation up to $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }^4{L}^3)$ order, where $L=\ln (s/m_e^2)$ is the large logarithm. Several mistakes in previous calculations are corrected. The results are relevant for future high-precision experiments at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders.

We present a state-of-the-art prediction for cross sections of neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) from nucleon at high neutrino energies, $E_{\nu }$, up to 1000 EeV (${10}^{12}\mathrm{GeV}$). Our calculations are based on the latest CT18 NNLO parton distribution functions (PDFs) and their associated uncertainties. To make predictions for the highest energies, we extrapolate the PDFs to small $x$ according to several procedures and assumptions, thus affecting the uncertainties at ultrahigh $E_{\nu }$; we quantify the uncertainties corresponding to these choices. Similarly, we quantify the uncertainties introduced by the nuclear corrections that are required to evaluate neutrino-nuclear cross sections for the neutrino observatories. These results can be applied to currently running astrophysical neutrino observatories, such as IceCube and KM3NeT, as well as various future experiments that have been proposed.

The results of a search for stealth supersymmetry in final states with two photons and jets, targeting a phase space region with low missing transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}$), are reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. As LHC results continue to constrain the parameter space of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the low $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}$ regime is increasingly valuable to explore. To estimate the backgrounds due to standard model processes in such events, we apply corrections derived from simulation to an estimate based on a control selection in data. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified stealth supersymmetry models with gluino and squark pair production. The observed data are consistent with the standard model predictions, and gluino (squark) masses of up to 2150 (1850) GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level.

A combination of the results of several searches for the electroweak production of the supersymmetric partners of standard model bosons, and of charged leptons, is presented. All searches use proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to $137{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The results are interpreted in terms of simplified models of supersymmetry. Two new interpretations are added with this combination: a model spectrum with the bino as the lightest supersymmetric particle together with mass-degenerate Higgsinos decaying to the bino and a standard model boson, and the compressed-spectrum region of a previously studied model of slepton pair production. Improved analysis techniques are employed to optimize sensitivity for the compressed spectra in the wino and slepton pair production models. The results are consistent with expectations from the standard model. The combination provides a more comprehensive coverage of the model parameter space than the individual searches, extending the exclusion by up to 125 GeV, and also targets some of the intermediate gaps in the mass coverage.

According to the AdS/CFT correspondence, certain quantum many-body systems in $d$-dimensions are equivalent to gravitational theories in ($d+1$)-dimensional asymptotically anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. When a massless particle is sent from the AdS boundary to the bulk curved spacetime, it reaches another point of the boundary after a time lag. In the dual quantum system, it should appear as if quasiparticles have been transferred between two separated points. We theoretically demonstrate that this phenomenon, which we call “spacetime-localized response”, is actually observed in the dynamics of the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model near the quantum critical point. This result suggests that, if we can realize a holographic spin system in a laboratory, the experimental probing of the emergent extra dimension is possible by applying a designed stimulus to a quantum many-body system, which is holographically equivalent to sending a massless particle through the higher-dimensional curved bulk geometry. We also discuss possible experimental realizations using Rydberg atoms in an optical tweezers array.

We analyze the dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Moon system in the context of a particular class of theories of gravity where curvature and matter are nonminimally coupled. These theories can potentially violate the equivalence principle as they give origin to a fifth force and a extra non-Newtonian force that may imply that Earth and Moon fall differently towards the Sun. We show, through a detailed analysis, that consistency with the bound on weak equivalence principle arising from 48 years of lunar laser ranging data, for a range of parameters of the nonminimally coupled gravity theory, can be achieved via the implementation of a suitable screening mechanism.

It is known that the four-dimensional effective field theory arising from heterotic string theory is general relativity with both a Chern-Simons and Gauss-Bonnet term. We study the propagation of gravitational waves in this combination of Chern-Simons and Gauss-Bonnet gravity, both of which have an associated scalar field, the axion and the dilaton respectively, that are kinetically coupled. We review how the combination of dynamical Chern-Simons and Gauss-Bonnet gravities can arise from string theory as corrections to general relativity and show how the gravitational wave waveform is modified in such a theory. We compare our results to a novel framework recently introduced for parametrizing the parity-violating sector (Chern-Simons), and use that to guide our construction of a similar parametrization for the parity-conserving (Gauss-Bonnet) sector. In general, we find that the contributions from the parity-violating and parity-conserving sectors are similar. Moreover, the kinetic coupling between the axion and dilaton introduces an extra contribution to the parity-violating sector of the gravitational waves. Using our parametrization, we are able to comment on initial constraints for the theory parameters, including the time variations of the axion and dilaton.

The bispectrum is an important statistics helpful for measuring the primordial non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ to less than order unity in error, which would allow us to distinguish between single and multifield inflation models. The Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) mission is particularly well-suited for making this measurement with its $\sim 100$ band all-sky observations in the near infrared. Consequently, the SPHEREx data will contain galaxies with spectroscopiclike redshift measurements as well as those with much larger errors. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of photometric redshift errors on $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ constraints in the context of an updated multitracer forecast for SPHEREx, finding that the azimuthal averages of the first three even bispectrum multipoles are no longer sufficient for capturing most of the information (as opposed to the case of spectroscopic surveys shown in the literature). The final SPHEREx result with all five galaxy samples and six redshift bins is however not severely impacted because the total result is dominated by the samples with the best redshift errors, while the worse samples serve to reduce cosmic variance. Our fiducial result of ${\sigma }_{f_{\mathrm{NL}}}=0.7$ from bispectrum alone is increased by 18% and 3% when using $l_{\max }=0$ and 2, respectively. We also explore the impact on parameter constraints when varying the fiducial redshift errors, as well as using subsets of multitracer combinations or triangles with different squeezing factors. Note that the fiducial result here is not the final SPHEREx capability, which is still on target for being ${\sigma }_{f_{\mathrm{NL}}}=0.5$ once the power spectrum will be included.

Domain walls (DWs) are topological defects originating from phase transitions in the early Universe. In the presence of an energy imbalance between distinct vacua, enclosed DW cavities shrink until the entire network disappears. By studying the dynamics of thin-shell bubbles in general relativity, we demonstrate that closed DWs with sizes exceeding the cosmic horizon tend to annihilate later than the average. This delayed annihilation allows for the formation of large overdensities, which, upon entering the Hubble horizon, eventually collapse to form primordial black holes (PBHs). We rely on 3D percolation theory to calculate the number density of these late-annihilating DWs, enabling us to infer the abundance of PBHs. A key insight from our study is that DW networks with the potential to emit observable gravitational waves are also likely to yield detectable PBHs. Additionally, we study the production of wormholes connected to baby universes and conclude on the possibility to generate a multiverse.

In recent years many vector charmonium(like) states were reported by different electron-positron collider experiments above 4.2 GeV. However, so far, there not only exists sizable tension in the parameters of those states, but there is also no consensus on the number of the vector states in this energy range. To some extend, this might be caused by the fact that the experimental data were typically analyzed in single channel analyses employing overlapping Breit-Wigner functions, in particular ignoring the effect of opening thresholds. In this study, we focus on the mass range between 4.2 GeV and 4.35 GeV, conducting a comprehensive analysis of eight different final states in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation. Our findings demonstrate that, within this mass range, a single vector charmoniumlike state, exhibiting properties consistent with a $D_1\overline{D}$ molecular structure and characterized by a pole location $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{pole}}^{Y(4230)}}=(4227\pm 4-\frac{i}{2}({50}_{-2}^{+8}))\mathrm{MeV}$, can effectively describe all the collected data. This is made possible by allowing for an interference with the well-established vector charmonium $\psi (4160)$ along with the inclusion of the $D_1\overline{D}$ threshold effect. Moreover, in contrast to experimental analyses, our study reveals that the highly asymmetric total cross sections for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi \pi \pi$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi K\overline{K}$ around 4230 MeV stem from the same physics, rooted in the approximate SU(3) flavor symmetry of QCD.

In this work, we study the renormalization of nonlocal quark bilinear operators containing an asymmetric staple-shaped Wilson line at the one-loop level in both lattice and continuum perturbation theory. These operators enter the first-principle calculation of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) in lattice QCD using the formulation of large momentum effective theory. We provide appropriate ${\mathrm{RI}}^{\prime }$-type conditions that address the power and logarithmic divergences, as well as the mixing among staple operators of different Dirac structures, using a number of different possible projectors. A variant of ${\mathrm{RI}}^{\prime }$, including calculations of rectangular Wilson loops, which cancel the pinch-pole singularities of the staple operators at infinite length and reduce residual power divergences, is also employed. We calculate at one-loop order the conversion matrix, which relates the quasi-TMDPDFs in the ${\mathrm{RI}}^{\prime }$-type schemes to the reference scheme $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ for arbitrary values of the renormalization momentum scale and of the dimensions of the staple.

The absolute branching fraction of the decay ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c(2625{)}^{+}\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ is measured for the first time to be $(50.2\pm {5.7}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {3.5}_{\mathrm{syst}})\%$ with $368.48{\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$ of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=4.918$ and 4.950 GeV. Although the central value of the result is lower than the theoretical prediction of 67%, obtained from isospin symmetry, they are consistent taking the uncertainties into account. This is the first absolute branching fraction measurement for ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c(2625{)}^{+}$ since it was found. This measurement is necessary to obtain the coupling constants for the transitions between $s$-wave and $p$-wave charmed baryons in heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory. In addition, we search for the decay ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c(2595{)}^{+}\to {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit on its branching fraction is determined to be 85.0% at the 90% confidence level.