We point out that slepton pairs produced via gauge boson fusion in the anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking model have a very characteristic and almost clean signal at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In this paper, we discuss how one lepton associated with the missing energy and produced inbetween two high-$p_T$ and high-mass forward jets can explore quite heavy sleptons in this scenario.

We study by numerical simulations on a lattice the behavior of the gauge-invariant two-point correlation functions of the gauge-field strengths across the deconfinement phase transition, both for the pure-gauge $\mathrm{SU}\left(3\right)\mathrm{}$ theory and for full QCD with two flavors. Quenched data agree within errors with previous determinations, but have much higher statistics. A best-fit analysis of the data has been performed, both for the quenched and the full-QCD case, showing that the electric gluon condensate drops to zero at the deconfining phase transition.

The first information on the chirally odd twist-3 proton distribution function $e^a\mathrm{}\left(x\right)\mathrm{}$ is extracted from the azimuthal asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{LU}}$ in the electroproduction of pions from deeply inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons off unpolarized protons, which has been recently measured by the CLAS Collaboration. Furthermore parameter-free predictions are made for the azimuthal asymmetries $A_{\mathrm{UL}}$ from scattering of an unpolarized beam on a polarized proton target for CLAS kinematics.

Using $9.1{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ data collected at the ${\rm Y}\mathrm{}\left(4S\right)\mathrm{}$ with the CLEO detector using the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, measurements are reported for both the branching fractions and the helicity amplitudes for the decays $B^{-}\to D^{*0}{\rho }^{-}$ and $B^0\to D^{*+}{\rho }^{-}.$ The fraction of longitudinal polarization in $B^0\to D^{*+}{\rho }^{-}$ is found to be consistent with that in $B^0\to D^{*+}{\mathcal{l}}^{-}\overline{\nu }$ at $q^2{=M}_{\rho }^2,$ indicating that the factorization approximation works well. The longitudinal polarization in the $B^{-}$ mode is similar. The measurements also show evidence of nontrivial final-state interaction phases for the helicity amplitudes.

In theories with large extra dimensions, supernova (SN) cores are powerful sources of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons. A large fraction of these massive particles are gravitationally retained by the newly born neutron star (NS). The subsequent slow KK decays produce potentially observable $\gamma$ rays and heat the NS. We here show that the back-absorption of the gravitationally trapped KK gravitons does not significantly change our previous limits. We calculate the graviton emission rate in a nuclear medium by combining the low-energy classical bremsstrahlung rate with detailed-balancing arguments. This approach reproduces the previous thermal emission rate, but it is much simpler and allows for a calculation of the absorption rate by a trivial phase-space transformation. We derive systematically the dependence of the SN and NS limits on the number of extra dimensions.

We present results from nonrotating axisymmetric stellar core collapse simulations in general relativity. Our hydrodynamics code has proved robust and accurate enough to allow for a detailed analysis of the global dynamics of the collapse. Contrary to traditional approaches based on the 3+1 formulation of the gravitational field equations, our framework uses a foliation based on a family of outgoing light cones, emanating from a regular center, and terminating at future null infinity. Such a coordinate system is well adapted to the study of interesting dynamical spacetimes in relativistic astrophysics such as stellar core collapse and neutron star formation. Perhaps most importantly this procedure allows for the extraction of gravitational waves at future null infinity, along with the commonly used quadrupole formalism for the gravitational wave extraction. Our results concerning the gravitational wave signals show noticeable disagreement when those are extracted by computing the Bondi news at future null infinity on the one hand and by using the quadrupole formula on the other hand. We have a strong indication that for our setup the quadrupole formula on the null cone does not lead to physical gravitational wave signals. The Bondi gravitational wave signals extracted at infinity show typical oscillation frequencies of about 0.5 kHz.

The incorporation of systematic uncertainties into confidence interval calculations has been addressed recently in a paper by Conrad et al. [Phys. Rev. D 67, 012002 (2003)]. In their work, systematic uncertainties in detector efficiencies and background flux predictions were incorporated following the hybrid frequentist-Bayesian prescription of Cousins and Highland, but using the likelihood ratio ordering of Feldman and Cousins in order to produce “unified” confidence intervals. In general, the resulting intervals behaved as one would intuitively expect, i.e., increased with increasing uncertainties. However, it was noted that for numbers of observed events less than or of the order of the expected background, the intervals could sometimes behave in a completely counterintuitive fashion—being seen to initially decrease in the face of increasing uncertainties, but only for the case of increasing signal efficiency uncertainty. In this Comment, we show that the problematic behavior is due to integration over the signal efficiency uncertainty while maximizing the best fit alternative hypothesis likelihood. If the alternative hypothesis likelihood is determined by unconditionally maximizing with respect to both the unknown signal and signal efficiency uncertainty, the limits display the expected intuitive behavior.

The branching ratios for the neutral and charged B decay channels to ${\eta }^{\prime }K$ and $\eta K^{*}$ are well above the standard model expectations. Moreover, the mixing-induced $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetry in $\overrightarrow{B}\phi K_S$ is incompatible with that found in $\overrightarrow{B}J/\psi K_S.$ We investigate whether a flavor-specific tree-level $\overrightarrow{b}s\overline{s}s$ operator coming from R-parity violating supersymmetry can resolve both these discrepancies, without jeopardizing those results which are in agreement with the standard model. We find that it is possible to have a parameter space satisfying all these requirements, including that of a low strong phase difference compatible with the color transparency argument. Furthermore, we put a robust bound on the relevant coupling, which is two orders of magnitude better than the existing one.

We consider $\mathcal{N}=1\mathrm{}$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with fundamental matter in the large-$N_c$ approximation in 1+1 dimensions. We add a Chern-Simons term to give the adjoint partons a mass and solve for the meson bound states. Here “mesons” are color-singlet states with two partons in the fundamental representation. The spectrum is exactly supersymmetric, and there is complete degeneracy between the fermion and boson bound states. We find that the mass spectrum is composed of two distinct bands. We analyze the properties of the bound states in each band and find a number of interesting properties of these states. In both bands, some of the states are nearly pure quark-gluon bound states while others are nearly pure squark-gluon bound states. The structure functions of many of the bound states found are very strongly peaked near $x=0.\mathrm{}$ The convergence of the numerical approximation appears to be very good in all cases.

Using the same method as that used in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation and lepton-nucleon deep inelastic scattering, we calculate the spin alignment of vector mesons with high transverse momenta in high energy $\mathrm{pp}$ collisions with one longitudinally polarized beam. We present the results obtained at BNL RHIC energies. We also study the spin alignment of such vector mesons in the case of a transversely polarized proton beam and present its relation to the transversity distribution in the nucleon. Numerical results obtained using simple models for the transversity distributions are also given. These results show that significant spin alignment exists in both cases and can be measured in experiments such as those at the RHIC.

We make use of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) formalism and real-time finite-temperature field theory to calculate hadronic current correlation functions in the deconfined phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Here, we consider both pseudoscalar and vector currents. Since the method used in the lattice analysis to calculate the spectral functions requires assumptions about the likelihood of a particular form for the spectral function, we believe our calculations will be useful to researchers who wish to calculate hadronic current correlation functions at finite temperature using lattice-based methods. Our model makes use of temperature-dependent coupling constants for the NJL model. We present various arguments that such temperature dependence is necessary, if the results of the model are to be consistent with what is known concerning QCD thermodynamics.

We investigate a particle physics model in a six-dimensional spacetime, where two extra dimensions form a torus. Particles with standard model charges are confined by interactions with a scalar field to four four-dimensional branes, two vortices accommodating ordinary type fermions and two antivortices accommodating mirror fermions. We investigate the phenomenological implications of this multibrane structure by confronting the model with neutrino physics data.

Closed string diagrams are derived from cubic open string field theory using a gauge fixed kinetic operator. The basic idea is to use a string propagator that does not generate a boundary to the world sheet. Using this propagator and the closed string vertex, the moduli space of closed string surfaces is covered, so closed string scattering amplitudes should be reproduced. This kinetic operator could be a gauge fixed form of the string field theory action around the closed string vacuum.

This paper could have been entitled “D branes and strings from flesh and blood.” We study field theoretic prototypes of D branes or strings. To this end we consider (2+1)-dimensional domain walls in (3+1)-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2\mathrm{}$ supersymmetric QCD with an SU(2) gauge group and $N_f=2\mathrm{}$ flavors of fundamental hypermultiplets (quarks). This theory is perturbed by a small mass term of the adjoint matter which, in the leading order in the mass parameter, does not break $\mathcal{N}=2\mathrm{}$ supersymmetry, and reduces to a (generalized) Fayet-Iliopoulos term in the effective low-energy $\mathcal{N}=2\mathrm{}$ supersymmetric QED (SQED). We find a 1/2 BPS-saturated domain wall solution interpolating between two quark vacua at weak coupling, and show that this domain wall localizes a U(1) gauge field. To make contact with the brane or string picture we consider the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen magnetic flux tube in one of two quark vacua and demonstrate that it can end on the domain wall. We find an explicit 1/4 BPS-saturated solution for the wall-flux-tube junction. We verify that the end point of the flux tube on the wall plays the role of an electric charge in the dual (2+1)-dimensional SQED living on the wall. Flow to $\mathcal{N}=1\mathrm{}$ theory is discussed. Our results lead us to a conjecture regarding the notorious “missing wall” in the solution of Kaplunovsky, Sonnenschein, and Yankielowicz.

By using the complex angular momentum approach, we prove that the quasinormal-mode complex frequencies of the Schwarzschild black hole are Breit-Wigner type resonances generated by a family of surface waves propagating close to the unstable circular photon (graviton) orbit at $r=3M.\mathrm{}$ Furthermore, because each surface wave is associated with a given Regge pole of the S-matrix, we can construct semiclassically the spectrum of the quasinormal-mode complex frequencies from Regge trajectories. The notion of a surface wave orbiting around black holes thus appears as a fundamental concept which could be profitably introduced in various areas of black hole physics in connection with the complex angular momentum approach.

In the framework of (1+2)-dimensional Poincaré gauge gravity, we start from the Lagrangian of the Mielke-Baekler model that depends on torsion and curvature and includes translational and Lorentzian Chern-Simons terms. We find a general stationary circularly symmetric vacuum solution of the field equations. We determine the properties of this solution, in particular its mass and its angular momentum. For vanishing torsion, we recover the BTZ solution. We also derive the general conformally flat vacuum solution with torsion. In this framework, we discuss Cartan’s (3-dimensional) spiral staircase and find that it is not only a special case of our new vacuum solution, but can alternatively be understood as a solution of the 3-dimensional Einstein-Cartan theory with matter of constant pressure and constant torque.

A mechanism to generate fermion-mass hierarchy in SO(10) grand unified theories is considered. We find that the lopsided family structure, which is suitable to the large angle Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein solution to solar neutrino oscillation, is realized without introducing extra matter fields if the hierarchy originates from the wave-function profile in an extra dimension. Unlike the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, the SO(10) breaking effect may directly contribute to the source of the hierarchy, i.e., the bulk mass terms. It naturally explains the difference of the hierarchical patterns between the quark and the lepton sectors. We also find the possibility of horizontal unification, in which three generations of matter fields are unified to a $3$-dimensional representation of an SU(2) gauge group.

In the minimal supersymmetric standard model with bilinear R-parity violation, terms that violate R parity and lepton number are introduced in the superpotential inducing sneutrino vacuum expectation values. As a result, neutrino masses and mixing angles are generated via a low-energy seesaw mechanism. We show that this model embedded into an anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking scenario is testable at a linear collider using charged Higgs boson production in association with a stau. This is possible in regions of parameter space where the charged Higgs boson and stau have similar mass, producing an enhancement of the charged scalar mixing angles. We show that the bilinear parameter and the sneutrino VEV can be determined from charged scalar observables, and estimate the precision of this determination.