We compute $d\sigma {/dp}_T$ of the $J/\psi$ production in pp collisions at BNL RHIC at $\sqrt{s}=500\mathrm{}$ and 200 GeV by using both the color octet and singlet models in the framework of nonrelativistic QCD. The $J/\psi$ we compute here includes the direct $J/\psi$ from the partonic fusion processes and the $J/\psi$ coming from the radiative decays of ${\chi }_J^{’}\mathrm{s}$ both in the color octet and singlet channel. The high $p_{T}J/\psi$ production cross section is computed within the PHENIX detector acceptance ranges: $-0.35<\mathrm{}\eta <0.35\mathrm{}$ and $1.2<\mathrm{}|\eta |<2.4,$ the central electron and forward muon arms. It is found that the color octet contribution to $J/\psi$ production is dominant at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions (RHIC) energy in comparison to the color singlet contributions. We compare our results with the recent preliminary data obtained by the PHENIX detector for the high $p_T$ $J/\psi$ measurements. While the color singlet model fails to explain the data completely the color octet model is in agreement with the single data point above 2 GeV transverse momentum. A measurement of $J/\psi$ production at RHIC in the next run with better statistics will allow us to determine the validity of the color octet model of $J/\psi$ production at RHIC energies. This is very important because it is necessary to know the exact mechanism for $J/\psi$ production in pp collisions at RHIC if one is to make predictions of $J/\psi$ suppression as a signature of quark-gluon plasma. These mechanisms also play an important role in determining the polarized spin structure function of the proton at RHIC.

We present an evaluation of the strong couplings ${\mathrm{JD}}^{\left(*\right)}{D}^{\left(*\right)}$ and ${\mathrm{JD}}^{\left(*\right)}{D}^{\left(*\right)}\pi$ by an effective field theory of quarks and mesons. These couplings are necessary to calculate $\pi +J/\overrightarrow{\psi }{D}^{\left(*\right)}+D^{\left(*\right)}$ cross sections, an important background to the $J/\psi$ suppression signal in the quark-gluon plasma. We write down the general effective Lagrangian and compute the relevant couplings in the soft pion limit and beyond.

We extend the minimal supersymmetric standard model with bilinear R-parity violation to include a pair of Higgs triplet superfields. The neutral components of the Higgs triplets develop small vacuum expectation values (VEVs) quadratic in the bilinear R-parity breaking parameters. In this scheme the atmospheric neutrino mass scale arises from bilinear R-parity breaking while for reasonable values of parameters the solar neutrino mass scale is generated from the small Higgs triplet VEVs. We calculate neutrino masses and mixing angles in this model and show how the model can be tested at future colliders. The branching ratios of the doubly charged triplet decays are related to the solar neutrino angle via a simple formula.

It has recently been realized that supernova neutrino signals may be affected by shock propagation over a time interval of a few seconds after bounce. In the standard three-neutrino oscillation scenario, such effects crucially depend on the neutrino level crossing probability $P_H$ in the 1-3 sector. By using a simplified parametrization of the time-dependent supernova radial density profile, we explicitly show that simple analytical expressions for $P_H$ accurately reproduce the phase-averaged results of numerical calculations in the relevant parameter space. Such expressions are then used to study the structure of $P_H$ as a function of energy and time, with particular attention to cases involving multiple crossing along the shock profile. Illustrative applications are given in terms of positron spectra generated by supernova electron antineutrinos through inverse beta decay.

We highlight in a model independent way the dependence of the effective Majorana mass parameter, relevant for neutrinoless double beta decay, on the $\mathrm{CP}$ phases of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix, using the most recent neutrino data including the cosmological Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe measurement. We perform our analysis with three active neutrino flavors in the context of three kinds of mass spectra: quasidegenerate, normal hierarchical, and inverted hierarchical. If a neutrinoless double beta decay experiment records a positive signal, then assuming that Majorana masses of light neutrinos are responsible for it, we show how it might be possible to discriminate between the three kinds of spectra.

In this paper we study the impact of data that can be obtained from a charm factory on the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter $\gamma$ from decays of the form $\overrightarrow{B}{D}^{0}K$ where the $D^0$ decays to specific inclusive and exclusive final states. In particular, for each exclusive final state f, the charm factory can determine the strong phase difference between $D^0\to f$ and $D^0\to f$ by exploiting correlations in $\psi \mathrm{}\left(3770\right)\mathrm{}\to D^0{D}^0.$ This provides crucial input to the determination of $\gamma$ via the interference of $B^{\pm }\to K^{\pm }{D}^0\to f$ with $B^{\pm }\to K^{\pm }{D}^0\to f.\mathrm{}$ We discuss how the method may be generalized to inclusive final states and illustrate with a toy model how such methods may offer one of the best means to determine $\gamma$ with ${O(10\mathrm{}}^8–{10}^9)$ B mesons.

We identify a canonical transformation which maps the chiral Gross-Neveu model onto a recently proposed Cooper pair model. Baryon number and axial charge are interchanged. The same physics can be described either as chiral symmetry breaking (quark-antiquark pairing) or as superconductivity (quark-quark pairing).

We construct a solution of the Banks-Fischler-Shenker-Susskind matrix theory, which is a counterpart of the BIon solution representing a fundamental string ending on a bound state of a D2-brane and D0-branes. We call this solution the “fuzzy BIon” and show that this configuration preserves 1/4 supersymmetry of type IIA superstring theory. We also construct an effective action for the fuzzy BIon by analyzing the non-Abelian Born-Infeld action for D0-branes. When we take the continuous limit, with some conditions, this action coincides with the effective action for the BIon configuration.

We address dynamical supersymmetry breaking within an $N=1\mathrm{}$ supersymmetric standardlike model based on a $Z_2\times Z_2$ type IIA orientifold with intersecting D6-branes. The model possesses an additional, confining gauge sector with the ${\mathrm{USp}\left(2\right)\mathrm{}}_A\times {\mathrm{USp}\left(2\right)\mathrm{}}_B\times \mathrm{USp}\left(4\right)\mathrm{}$ gauge group, where the gaugino condensation mechanism allows for the breaking of supersymmetry and stabilizes moduli. We derive the leading contribution to the nonperturbative effective superpotential and determine numerically the minima of the supergravity potential. These minima break supersymmetry and fix two undetermined moduli, which in turn completely specify the gauge couplings at the string scale. For this specific construction the minima have a negative cosmological constant. We expect that for other supersymmetric standardlike models with intersecting D6-branes, which also possess confining gauge sectors, the supersymmetry breaking mechanism would have qualitatively similar features.

A self-dual and anti-self-dual decomposition of the teleparallel formulation of Einstein’s general relativity is carried out and the self-dual Lagrangian of the teleparallel formulation of Einstein’s general relativity, which is equivalent to the Ashtekar Lagrangian in vacuum, is obtained. Its Hamiltonian formulation and the constraint analysis are developed. Starting from Witten’s equation the gauge condition of Nester and co-workers is derived directly and a new expression of the boundary term is obtained. Using this expression and Witten’s identity the proof of the positive energy theorem by Nester and co-workers is extended to a case including momentum.

We investigate the description of the region behind the event horizon in rotating black holes in the AdS conformal field theory correspondence, using the rotating Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black hole as a concrete example. We extend a technique introduced by Kraus, Ooguri, and Shenker, based on analytically continuing amplitudes defined in a Euclidean space, to include rotation. In the rotating case, boundary amplitudes again have two different bulk descriptions, involving either integration only over the regions outside the black holes’ event horizon, or integration over this region and the region between the event horizon and the Cauchy horizon (inner horizon). We argue that generally, the holographic map will relate the field theory to the region bounded by the Cauchy horizons in spacetime. We also argue that these results suggest that the holographic description of black holes will satisfy strong cosmic censorship.

We specialize the radiation-reaction part of the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Hamiltonian for many nonspinning pointlike bodies, calculated by Jaranowski and Schäfer, to third-and-a-half post-Newtonian approximation to general relativity, to binary systems. This Hamiltonian is used for the computation of the instantaneous gravitational energy loss of a binary to 1PN reactive order. We also derive the equations of motion, which include PN reactive terms via Hamiltonian and Euler-Lagrangian approaches. The results are consistent with the expressions for reactive acceleration provided by the Iyer-Will formalism in a general class of gauges.

By inverting the seesaw formula we determine the heavy neutrino mass matrix. The impact on baryogenesis via leptogenesis and the radiative lepton decays in supersymmetric models is described. Links to neutrinoless double beta decay are also briefly discussed. The analysis leads to two distinct matrix models. One has small mixing while the other one has maximal mixing. Both cannot give a sufficient amount of baryon asymmetry. Then we also comment on a different form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix, which does provide sufficient baryon asymmetry. In a supersymmetric scenario the branching ratios of radiative lepton decays are enhanced for this model.

We present a conformal field theory calculation of four-point and three-point correlation functions for the bosonic twist fields arising at the intersections of D-branes wrapping (supersymmetric) homology cycles of type II orientifold compactifications. Both the quantum contribution from local excitations at the intersections and the world-sheet disk instanton corrections are computed. As a consequence we obtain the complete expression for the Yukawa couplings of chiral fermions with the Higgs fields. The four-point correlation functions in turn lead to the determination of the four-point couplings in the effective theory, and may be of phenomenological interest.

The search for regular black hole solutions in classical gravity leads us to consider a core of Euclidean signature in the interior of a black hole. Solutions of Lorentzian and Euclidean general relativity match in such a way that energy densities and pressures of an isotropic perfect fluid form are everywhere finite and continuous. Although the weak energy condition cannot be satisfied for these solutions in general relativity, it can be when higher derivative terms are added. A numerical study shows how the transition becomes smoother in theories with more derivatives. As an alternative to the Euclidean core, we also discuss a closely related time dependent orbifold construction with a smooth space-like boundary inside the horizon.

Imagine a scenario in which the dark energy forms via the condensation of dark matter at some low redshift. The Compton wavelength therefore changes from small to very large at the transition, unlike quintessence or metamorphosis. We study cosmic microwave background (CMB), large scale structure, supernova and radio galaxy constraints on condensation by performing a four parameter likelihood analysis over the Hubble constant and the three parameters associated with Q, the condensate field: ${\Omega }_Q,$ $w_f$ and $z_t$ (energy density and equation of state today, and redshift of transition). Condensation roughly interpolates between $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ (for large $z_t)$ and SCDM (low $z_t)$ and provides a slightly better fit to the data than $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}.$ We confirm that there is no degeneracy in the CMB between H and $z_t$ and discuss the implications of late-time transitions for the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. Finally we discuss the nonlinear phase of both condensation and metamorphosis, which is much more interesting than in standard quintessence models.

We study the effective Hamiltonian for strong-coupling lattice QCD in the case of a nonzero baryon density. In leading order the effective Hamiltonian is a generalized antiferromagnet. For naive fermions, the symmetry is ${U(4N}_f)$ and the spins belong to a representation that depends on the local baryon number. Next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) terms in the Hamiltonian break the symmetry to ${U(N}_f)\times {U(N}_f).\mathrm{}$ We transform the quantum problem to a Euclidean sigma model which we analyze in a ${1/N}_c$ expansion. In the vacuum sector we recover spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry for the nearest-neighbor and NNN theories. For a nonzero baryon density we study the nearest-neighbor theory only, and show that the pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking depends on the baryon density.

A semiclassical theory of high energy scattering based on interrupted tunneling (instantons) or QCD sphaleron production has been recently developed to describe the growing hadronic cross section and properties of the soft Pomeron. In this work we address double-Pomeron processes in this framework for the first time. We specifically derive the cross section for central production of parity even and odd clusters, scalar and pseudoscalar glueballs, and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ in parton-parton scattering at high energy. We show that the specific dependence of the production cross section on all its kinematical variables compares favorably with the UA8 data on inclusive cluster production, as well as the WA102 data on exclusive central production of scalar glueball and ${\eta }^{\prime },$ in double-Pomeron exchange $\mathrm{pp}$ scattering. The magnitude of the cross section and its dependence on kinematic variables is correct, explaining in particular a large deviation from the Pomeron factorization at cluster masses in the range $M_X<8\mathrm{}$ GeV reported by UA8.

We investigate inclusive standard model Higgs boson pair production at lepton and hadron colliders for Higgs boson masses in the range $120\mathrm{GeV}<~m_H<~200\mathrm{GeV}.$ For $m_H<~140\mathrm{GeV}$ we find that hadron colliders have a very limited capability to determine the Higgs boson self-coupling, $\lambda ,$ due to an overwhelming background. We also find that, in this mass range, supersymmetric Higgs boson pairs may be observable at the CERN LHC, but a measurement of the self-coupling will not be possible. For $m_H>140\mathrm{}\mathrm{GeV}$ we examine ZHH and $\mathrm{HH}\nu \overline{\nu }$ production at a future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ linear collider with center of mass energy in the range of $\sqrt{s}=0.5\mathrm{}-1\mathrm{TeV},$ and find that this is likely to be equally difficult. Combining our results with those of previous literature, which has demonstrated the capability of hadron and lepton machines to determine $\lambda$ in either the high or the low mass regions, we establish a very strong complementarity of these machines.

In the conventional scenario of thermal inflation, the requirement that the reheating temperature must be larger than the temperature of nucleosynthesis puts a lower bound on the mass of the inflation field. At the same time, the mass of the inflation field and the height of the potential during thermal inflation are intimately related. With these conditions, the conventional models for thermal inflation are quite restricted. Naively, one might expect that the above constraints may be removed if thermal inflation is realized within the setups for hybrid inflation. In this paper we show why it is difficult to construct hybrid models for thermal inflation within conventional supergravity, and then show a successful example in models for the braneworld. Our mechanism is based on the idea of nontachyonic brane inflation.