We predict geoneutrino fluxes in a reference model based on a detailed description of Earth’s crust and mantle and using the best available information on the abundances of uranium, thorium, and potassium inside Earth’s layers. We estimate the uncertainties of fluxes corresponding to the uncertainties of the element abundances. In addition to distance integrated fluxes, we also provide the differential fluxes as a function of distance from several sites of experimental interest. Event yields at several locations are estimated and their dependence on the neutrino oscillation parameters is discussed. At Kamioka we predict $N(\mathrm{U}+\mathrm{Th})=35\mathrm{}\pm 6$ events for ${10}^{32}\mathrm{proton}\mathrm{yr}$ and 100% efficiency assuming ${\sin }^2\left(2\mathrm{}\theta \right)=0.863\mathrm{}$ and $\delta m^2=7.3\mathrm{}\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{eV}}^2.$ The maximal prediction is 55 events, obtained in a model with fully radiogenic production of the terrestrial heat flow.

The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle and cold dark matter candidate. In this rf cavity experiment, halo axions entering a resonant cavity immersed in a static magnetic field convert into microwave photons, with the resulting photons detected by a low-noise receiver. The ADMX Collaboration presents new limits on the axion-to-photon coupling and local axion dark matter halo mass density from a rf cavity axion search in the axion mass range $1.9–2.3\mu \mathrm{eV},$ broadening the search range to $1.9–3.3\mu \mathrm{eV}.$ In addition, we report first results from an improved analysis technique.

We study the change of the effective fine structure constant in the cosmological models of a scalar field with a nonvanishing coupling to the electromagnetic field. Combining cosmological data and terrestrial observations we place empirical constraints on the size of the possible coupling and explore a large class of models that exhibit tracking behavior. The change of the fine structure constant implied by the quasar absorption spectra together with the requirement of tracking behavior impose a lower bound of the size of this coupling. Furthermore, the transition to the quintessence regime implies a narrow window for this coupling around ${10}^{-5}$ in units of the inverse Planck mass. We also propose a nonminimal coupling between electromagnetism and quintessence which has the effect of leading only to changes of alpha determined from atomic physics phenomena, but leaving no observable consequences through nuclear physics effects. In doing so we are able to reconcile the claimed cosmological evidence for a changing fine structure constant with the tight constraints emerging from the Oklo natural nuclear reactor.

A systematic treatment of the collective rotation of the nonrigid chiral soliton is developed in the SU(3) chiral quark soliton model and applied to the octet and decuplet baryons. The strangeness degrees of freedom are treated by a simplified bound-state approach which omits the locality of the kaon wave function. Then, the flavor rotation is divided into the isospin rotation and the emission and absorption of the kaon. The kaon Hamiltonian is diagonalized by the Hartree approximation. The soliton changes the shape according to the strangeness. The baryons appear as the rotational bands of the combined system of the soliton and the kaon.

A number of physical systems exhibit a particular form of asymptotic conformal invariance: within a particular domain of distances, they are characterized by a long-range conformal interaction (inverse square potential), the apparent absence of dimensional scales, and an SO(2,1) symmetry algebra. Examples from molecular physics to black holes are provided and discussed within a unified treatment. When such systems are physically realized in the appropriate strong-coupling regime, the occurrence of quantum symmetry breaking is possible. This anomaly is revealed by the failure of the symmetry generators to close the algebra in a manner shown to be independent of the renormalization procedure.

Quasiequilibrium sequences of binary neutron stars are numerically calculated in the framework of the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews (IWM) approximation of general relativity. The results are presented for both rotation states of synchronized spins and irrotational motion, the latter being considered as the realistic one for binary neutron stars just prior to merger. We assume a polytropic equation of state and compute several evolutionary sequences of binary systems composed of different-mass stars as well as identical-mass stars with adiabatic indices $\gamma =2.5,$ 2.25, 2, and 1.8. From our results, we propose as a conjecture that if the turning point of the binding energy (and total angular momentum) locating the innermost stable circular orbit is found in Newtonian gravity for some value of the adiabatic index ${\gamma }_0,$ that of the ADM mass (and total angular momentum) should exist in the IWM approximation of general relativity for the same value of the adiabatic index.

In this work we study the existence of mechanisms of the transition to global chaos in a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a massive conformally coupled scalar field. We propose a complexification of the radius of the universe so that the global dynamics can be understood. We show numerically the existence of heteroclinic connections of the unstable and stable manifolds to periodic orbits associated with the saddle-center equilibrium points. We find two bifurcations which are crucial in creating noncollapsing universes both in the real version and in the imaginary extension of the models. The techniques presented here can be employed in any cosmological model.

It was shown in a previous work that the data combinations canceling laser frequency noise constitute a module—the module of syzygies. The cancellation of laser frequency noise is crucial for obtaining the requisite sensitivity for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In this work, we show how the sensitivity of LISA can be optimized for a monochromatic source—a compact binary—whose direction is known, by using appropriate data combinations in the module. A stationary source in the barycentric frame appears to move in the LISA frame and our strategy consists of coherently tracking the source by appropriately switching the data combinations so that they remain optimal at all times. Assuming that the polarization of the source is not known, we average the signal over the polarizations. We find that the best statistic is the “network” statistic, in which case LISA can be construed as two independent detectors. We compare our results with the Michelson combination, which has been used for obtaining the standard sensitivity curve for LISA, and with the observable obtained by optimally switching the three Michelson combinations. We find that for sources lying in the ecliptic plane, the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases from 34% at low frequencies to nearly 90% at around 20 mHz. Finally, we present the signal-to-noise ratios for some known binaries in our Galaxy. We also show that, if at low frequencies SNRs of both polarizations can be measured, the inclination angle of the plane of the orbit of the binary can be estimated.

We analyze the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production of doubly charged Higgs particles at hadron colliders in extensions of the standard model with Higgs isospin triplets. At both the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), these corrections are found to be moderate in size increasing the cross sections by about 20–30 %. The residual theoretical uncertainties are of the order of 10–15 % which is sufficient for experimental searches for these particles at the Tevatron and LHC.

We show that Peccei-Quinn and lepton number symmetries can be a natural outcome in a 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos after imposing a $Z_{11}\otimes Z_2$ symmetry. This symmetry is suitably accommodated in this model when we augment its spectrum by including merely one singlet scalar field. We work out the breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, yielding the axion, and study the phenomenological consequences. The main result of this work is that the solution to the strong CP problem can be implemented in a natural way, implying an invisible axion phenomenologically unconstrained, free of domain wall formation, and constituting a good candidate for the cold dark matter.

We discuss a minimal supersymmetric SO(10) model where $B-L$ symmetry is broken by a 126 dimensional Higgs boson multiplet which also contributes to fermion masses in conjunction with a 10 dimensional superfield. This minimal Higgs boson choice provides a partial unification of neutrino flavor structure with that of quarks and has been shown to predict all three neutrino mixing angles and the solar mass splitting in agreement with observations, provided one uses the type II seesaw formula for neutrino masses. In this paper we generalize this analysis to include arbitrary CP phases in couplings and vacuum expectation values. We find that (i) the predictions for neutrino mixings are similar with $U_{e3\mathrm{}}\simeq 0.18$ as before and other parameters in a somewhat bigger range and (ii) that to first order in the quark mixing parameter $\lambda$ (the Cabibbo angle), the leptonic mixing matrix is CP conserving. We also find that in the absence of any higher dimensional contributions to fermion masses, the CKM phase is different from that of the standard model implying that there must be new contributions to quark CP violation from the supersymmetry breaking sector. Inclusion of higher dimensional terms however allows the standard model CKM phase to be maintained.

Supersymmetry with broken R parity can explain the neutrino mass squared differences and mixing angles observed in neutrino oscillation experiments. In the minimal model, where R parity is broken only by bilinear terms, certain decay properties of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) are correlated with neutrino mixing angles. Here we consider charginos, squarks, gluinos, and sneutrinos being the LSP and calculate their decay properties in bilinear R-parity breaking supersymmetry. Together with the decays of charged scalars and neutralinos calculated previously this completes the proof that bilinear R-parity breaking as the source of neutrino masses will be testable at future colliders. Moreover, we argue that, in case of GMSB, the decays of the NLSP can be used to test the model.

We study CP asymmetries in penguin-induced $\overrightarrow{b}s\overline{s}s$ decays in general left-right models without imposing manifest or pseudomanifest left-right symmetry. Using the effective Hamiltonian approach, we evaluate CP asymmetries in $B^{\pm }\to \phi K^{\left(*\right)\pm }$ decays as well as mixing induced B meson decays $\overrightarrow{B}J/\psi K_S$ and $\overrightarrow{B}\phi K_S$ decays. Based on recent measurements revealing large CP violation, we show that a nonmanifest type model is more favored than a manifest or pseudomanifest type.

We report the results of a calculation of the $\overrightarrow{K}\pi \pi$ matrix elements relevant for the $\Delta I=1/2\mathrm{}$ rule and ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon$ in quenched lattice QCD using domain wall fermions at a fixed lattice spacing $a^{-1}\sim 2\mathrm{GeV}.$ Working in the three-quark effective theory, where only the u, d, and s quarks enter and which is known perturbatively to next-to-leading order, we calculate the lattice $\overrightarrow{K}\pi$ and $\overrightarrow{K}|0〉$ matrix elements of dimension six, four-fermion operators. Through lowest order chiral perturbation theory these yield $\overrightarrow{K}\pi \pi$ matrix elements, which we then normalize to continuum values through a nonperturbative renormalization technique. For the ratio of isospin amplitudes $|A_0|/|A_2|$ we find a value of $25.3\pm 1.8$ (statistical error only) compared to the experimental value of 22.2, with individual isospin amplitudes 10%–20% below the experimental values. For ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon ,$ using known central values for standard model parameters, we calculate $(-4.0\pm 2.3)\times {10}^{-4}$ (statistical error only) compared to the current experimental average of $(17.2\mathrm{}\pm 1.8)\times {10}^{-4}.$ Because we find a large cancellation between the $I=0\mathrm{}$ and $I=2\mathrm{}$ contributions to ${\epsilon }^{\prime }/\epsilon ,$ the result may be very sensitive to the approximations employed. Among these are the use of quenched QCD, lowest order chiral perturbation theory, and continuum perturbation theory below 1.3 GeV. We also calculate the kaon B parameter $B_K$ and find $B_{K,\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}\left(2\mathrm{}\mathrm{GeV}\right)=0.532\mathrm{}\left(11\right).$ Although currently unable to give a reliable systematic error, we have control over statistical errors and more simulations will yield information about the effects of the approximations on this first-principles determination of these important quantities.

While sign-coherent 4-dimensional structures cannot dominate topological charge fluctuations in the QCD vacuum at all scales due to reflection positivity, it is possible that enhanced coherence exists over extended space-time regions of lower dimension. Using the overlap Dirac operator to calculate topological charge density, we present evidence for such structure in pure-glue SU(3) lattice gauge theory. It is found that a typical equilibrium configuration is dominated by two oppositely charged sign-coherent connected structures (“sheets”) covering about 80% of space-time. Each sheet is built from elementary 3D cubes connected through 2D faces, and approximates a low-dimensional curved manifold (or possibly a fractal structure) embedded in the 4D space. At the heart of the sheet is a “skeleton” formed by about 18% of the most intense space-time points organized into a global long-range structure, involving connected parts spreading over maximal possible distances. We find that the skeleton is locally 1-dimensional and propose that its geometrical properties might be relevant for understanding the possible role of topological charge fluctuations in the physics of chiral symmetry breaking.

The mixing induced time dependent CP asymmetry, direct CP asymmetry, and branching ratio in $\overrightarrow{B}\phi K_S$ in a model III two Higgs doublet model are calculated, in particular, neutral Higgs boson contributions are included. It is shown that satisfying all the relevant experimental constraints, for time dependent CP asymmetry $S_{\phi K}$ model III can agree with the present data, $S_{\phi k}=-0.39\pm 0.41,$ within a $1\sigma$ error, and the direct CP asymmetry which is zero in the SM can be about $-8\%$ to $-20\%$ in the reasonable regions of the parameters.

Soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) is used to sum Sudakov double logarithms in the $\overrightarrow{x}1$ end point region for the deep inelastic scattering structure function. The calculations are done in both the target rest frame and the Breit frame. The separation of scales in the effective theory implies that the anomalous dimension of the SCET current is linear in $\ln \mu ,$ and the anomalous dimension for the Nth moment of the structure function is linear in $\ln N,$ to all orders in perturbation theory. The SCET formulation is shown to be free of Landau pole singularities. Some important differences between the deep inelastic structure function and the shape function in B decay are discussed.

We present a complete next-to-leading order QCD calculation for single-inclusive large-$p_T$ hadron production in longitudinally polarized lepton-nucleon collisions, consistently including “direct” and “resolved” photon contributions. This process could be studied experimentally at a future polarized lepton-proton collider such as eRHIC at BNL. We examine the sensitivity of such measurements to the so far completely unknown parton content of circularly polarized photons.

We study scalar $\left(\overline{q}q\right)$ and $(\overline{q}{q)}^2$ correlation functions in the instanton liquid model. We show that the instanton liquid supports a light scalar-isoscalar (sigma) meson, and that this state is strongly coupled to both $\left(\overline{q}q\right)$ and $(\overline{q}{q)}^2.$ The scalar-isovector $a_0$ meson, on the other hand, is heavy. We also show that these properties are specific to QCD with three colors. In the large $N_c$ limit the scalar-isoscalar meson is not light, and it is mainly coupled to $\left(\overline{q}q\right).\mathrm{}$

A general analysis of fermion pairing at finite temperature and density between different species with mismatched Fermi surfaces is presented. Very different from the temperature effect of the BCS phase, the recently found breached pairing phase resulted from the density difference of the two species lying in a region with calabashlike shape in the $T-\mu$ plane, and the most probable temperature for the new phase’s creation is finite but not zero.