We implement inflation within a realistic supersymmetric $SO(10)$ model in which the doublet-triplet splitting is realized through the Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism, the MSSM $\mu$ problem is resolved, and Higgsino mediated dimension five nucleon decay is heavily suppressed. The cosmologically unwanted topological defects are inflated away, and from $\delta T/T$, the $B-L$ breaking scale is estimated to be of order ${10}^{16}–{10}^{17}\mathrm{GeV}$. Including supergravity corrections, the scalar spectral index $n_s=0.99\pm 0.01$, with $|d{n}_s/d\ln k|\lesssim {10}^{-3}$.

The $\mathcal{F}$-statistic, derived by Jaranowski, Krolak and Schutz (1998), is the optimal (frequentist) statistic for the detection of nearly periodic gravitational waves from known neutron stars, in the presence of stationary, Gaussian detector noise. The $\mathcal{F}$-statistic was originally derived for the case of a single detector, whose noise spectral density was assumed constant in time, and for a single known neutron star. Here we show how the $\mathcal{F}$-statistic can be straightforwardly generalized to the cases of (1) a network of detectors with time-varying noise curves, and (2) a collection of known sources (e.g., all known millisecond pulsars within some fixed distance). Fortunately, all the important ingredients that go into our generalized $\mathcal{F}$-statistics are already calculated in the single-source/single-detector searches that are currently implemented, e.g., in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory software library, so implementation of optimal multidetector, multisource searches should require negligible additional cost in computational power or software development. This paper also includes an analysis of the likely efficacy of a collection-type search, and derives criteria for deciding which candidate sources should be included in a collection, if one is trying to maximize the detectability of the whole. In particular we show that for sources distributed uniformly in a thin disk, the strongest source in the collection should have signal-to-noise-squared $\sim 5$ times larger than weakest source, for an optimized collection. We show that gravitational waves from collection of the few brightest (in gravitational waves) neutron stars could perhaps be detected before the single brightest source, but that this is far from guaranteed. Once gravitational waves from the few brightest neutron stars have been discovered, grouping more distant (individually undetectable) pulsars into collections, and then searching for those collections, should be an effective way of measuring the average gravitational-wave strengths of those more distant pulsars.

We study the large order behavior in perturbation theory of the Bjorken, Ellis-Jaffe and Gross-Llewellyn-Smith sum rules. In particular, we consider their first infrared renormalons, for which we obtain their analytic structure with logarithmic accuracy and also an approximate determination of their normalization constant. Estimates of higher order terms of the perturbative series are given. The renormalon subtracted scheme is worked out for these observables and compared with experimental data. Overall, good agreement with experiment is found. This allows us to obtain ${\widehat{a}}_0$ and some higher-twist nonperturbative constants from experiment: ${\widehat{a}}_0=0.141\pm 0.089$; $f_{3,\mathrm{RS}}(1\mathrm{GeV})=-{0.124}_{-0.142}^{+0.137}{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$.

We revisit the one-loop calculation of the annihilation of a pair of the lightest neutralinos into a pair of photons, a pair of gluons and also a $Z$ photon final state. For the latter we have identified a new contribution that may not always be negligible. For all three processes we have conducted a tuned comparison with previous calculations for some characteristic scenarios. The approach to the very heavy Higgsino and $W$-ino is studied and we argue how the full one-loop calculation should be matched into a more complete treatment that was presented recently for these extreme regimes. We also give a short description of the code that we exploited for the automatic calculation of one-loop cross sections in the minimal supersymmetric model that could apply, both for observables at the colliders and for astrophysics or relic density calculations. In particular, the automatic treatment of zero Gram determinants which appear in the latter applications is outlined. We also point out how generalized nonlinear gauge-fixing constraints can be exploited.

We study the Abelian projected $SU(2)$ lattice gauge theory after gauge fixing to the maximally Abelian gauge (MAG). In order to check the universality of the Abelian dominance we employ the tadpole improved (TI) tree level action. We show that the density of monopoles in the largest cluster (the IR component) is finite in the continuum limit which is approximated already at relatively large lattice spacing. The value itself is smaller than in the case of Wilson action. We present results for the ratio of the Abelian to non-Abelian string tension for both Wilson and TI actions for a number of lattice spacings in the range $0.06\mathrm{fm}<a<0.35\mathrm{fm}$. These results show that the ratio is between 0.90 and 0.95 for all considered values of lattice couplings and both actions. We compare the properties of the monopole clusters in two gauges—in MAG and in the Laplacian Abelian gauge (LAG). Whereas in MAG the infrared component of the monopole density shows a good convergence to the continuum limit, we find that in LAG it is even not clear whether a finite limit exists.

Three-flavor QCD simulation with the $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermion action is made employing an exact fermion algorithm developed for an odd number of quark flavors. For the plaquette gauge action, an unexpected first-order phase transition is found in the strong coupling regime ($\beta \lesssim 5.0$) at relatively heavy quark masses ($m_{\mathrm{PS}}/m_{\mathrm{V}}\sim 0.74–0.87$). Strong metastability persists on a large lattice of size ${12}^3\times 32$, which indicates that the transition has a bulk nature. The phase gap becomes smaller toward weaker couplings and vanishes at $\beta \simeq 5.0$, which corresponds to a lattice spacing $a\simeq 0.1\mathrm{fm}$. These results imply that realistic simulations of QCD with three flavors of dynamical Wilson-type fermions at lattice spacings in the range $a=0.1–0.2\mathrm{fm}$ are not possible with the plaquette gauge action. Extending the study to improved gauge actions, we do not observe evidence for first-order phase transition, at least within the $(\beta ,\kappa )$ range we explored. This suggests the possibility that the phase transition either moves away or weakens with improved gauge actions. Possible origins of the phase transition are discussed.

In this article, we illustrate how the qualitative phase diagram of a gauge theory coupled to matter can be directly proved and how rigorous numerical bounds may be established. Our work reaffirms the seminal result of Fradkin and Shenker from another vista. Our main ingredient is the combined use of the self-duality of the three-dimensional ${\mathbb{Z}}_2/{\mathbb{Z}}_2$ theory and an extended Lee-Yang theorem. We comment on extensions of these ideas and firmly establish the existence of a sharp percolation crossover line in the two-dimensional ${\mathbb{Z}}_2/{\mathbb{Z}}_2$ theory.

We present nonperturbative renormalization constants of fermionic bilinears on the lattice in the quenched approximation at $\beta =6.1$ using an overlap [H. Neuberger, Phys. Lett. B 417, 141 (1998)] fermion action with hypercubic (HYP)-blocked links. We consider the effects of the exact zero modes of the Dirac operator and find they are important in calculating the renormalization constants of the scalar and pseudoscalar density. The results are given in the RI’ and $\overline{MS}$ schemes and compared to perturbative calculations.

Two broad charmed mesons, the $D_0^{*}$ and $D_1^{\prime }$, have recently been observed. We examine the quark model predictions for the $D_0^{*}$ and $D_1^{\prime }$ properties and discuss experimental measurements that can shed light on them. We find that these states are well described as the broad, $j=1/2$ nonstrange charmed $P$-wave mesons. Understanding the $D_0^{*}$ and $D_1^{\prime }$ states can provide important insights into the $D_{sJ}^{*}(2317)$, $D_{sJ}(2460)$ states whose unexpected properties have led to renewed interest in hadron spectroscopy.

We study single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering with transversely polarized target. Based on the QCD factorization approach, we consider Sivers and Collins contributions to the asymmetries. We fit simple parametrizations for the Sivers and Collins functions to the recent HERMES data, and compare to results from COMPASS. Using the fitted parametrizations for the Sivers functions, we predict the single-transverse-spin asymmetries for various processes in $pp$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, including the Drell-Yan process and angular correlations in dijet and jet-plus-photon production. These asymmetries are found to be sizable at forward rapidities.

The Drell-Yan processes with unpolarized colliding hadrons and with the single transversally polarized hadron are considered. The possibility of direct (without any model assumptions) extraction of both transversity and its accompanying T-odd parton distribution functions is discussed. For Drell-Yan processes measurements planned at GSI, the preliminary estimations demonstrate that it is quite real to extract both transversity and its accompanying T-odd PDF in the PAX conditions.

We present a detailed evaluation of the bosonic two-loop electroweak corrections to the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment. We study the Higgs mass dependence and find agreement with a previous evaluation in the large Higgs mass limit. We find $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{EW}\mathrm{bos}}(\mathrm{two}\mathrm{\text{−}}\mathrm{loop})=(-22.2\pm 1.6)\times {10}^{-11}$, for $114\mathrm{GeV}\le M_{\mathrm{Higgs}}\le 700\mathrm{GeV}$.

In the framework of the seesaw mechanism the normal hierarchy is favorable for the neutrino mass spectrum. For this spectrum we present a detailed calculation of the half-lives of neutrinoless double $\beta$-decay for several nuclei of experimental interest. The half-lives are evaluated by considering the most comprehensive nuclear matrix elements, which were obtained within the renormalized quasiparticle random phase approximation by the Bratislava–Caltech–Tuebingen group. The dependence of the half-lives on ${sin}^2{\theta }_{13}$ and the lightest neutrino mass is studied. We present also the results of the calculations of the half-lives of neutrinoless double $\beta$-decay in the case of the inverted hierarchy of neutrino masses.

Three $CP$-violating phases of the $3\times 3$ lepton flavor mixing matrix $V$ are entangled with one another in the renormalization-group evolution from the seesaw scale (${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{SS}}\sim {10}^{14}$ GeV) to the electroweak scale (${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{EW}}\sim {10}^2$ GeV). Concerning the Dirac phase $\delta$, we show that $\delta =90°$ at ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{EW}}$ can be radiatively generated from $\delta =0°$ at ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{SS}}$ in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, if three neutrino masses are nearly degenerate. As for the Majorana phases $\rho$ and $\sigma$, it is also possible to radiatively generate $\rho =90°$ or $\sigma =90°$ at ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{EW}}$ from $\rho =0°$ or $\sigma =0°$ at ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{SS}}$. The one-loop renormalization-group equations for the Jarlskog invariant and two off-diagonal asymmetries of $V$ are derived, and their running behaviors from ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{SS}}$ to ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{EW}}$ are numerically illustrated.

Motivated by string constructions, we consider a variant on the Type II see-saw mechanism involving the exchange of triplet representations of $SU(2{)}_L$ in which this group arises from a diagonal embedding into $SU(2{)}_A\times SU(2{)}_B$. A natural assignment of standard model lepton doublets to the two underlying gauge groups results in a bimaximal pattern of neutrino mixings and an inverted hierarchy in masses. Simple perturbations around this leading-order structure can accommodate the observed pattern of neutrino masses and mixings.

A search has been made for sinusoidal periodic variations in the ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino flux using data collected by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory over a 4-year time interval. The variation at a period of 1 yr is consistent with modulation of the ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ neutrino flux by the Earth’s orbital eccentricity. No significant sinusoidal periodicities are found with periods between 1 d and 10 years with either an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis or a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis. The data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the results of the recent analysis by Sturrock et al., based on elastic scattering events in Super-Kamiokande, can be attributed to a $7\%$ sinusoidal modulation of the total ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ neutrino flux.

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS-II) employs low-temperature Ge and Si detectors to seek weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their elastic-scattering interactions with nuclei. Simultaneous measurements of both ionization and phonon energy provide discrimination against interactions of background particles. For recoil energies above 10 keV, events due to background photons are rejected with $>99.99\%$ efficiency. Electromagnetic events very near the detector surface can mimic nuclear recoils because of reduced charge collection, but these surface events are rejected with $>96\%$ efficiency by using additional information from the phonon pulse shape. Efficient use of active and passive shielding, combined with the 2090 m.w.e. overburden at the experimental site in the Soudan mine, makes the background from neutrons negligible for this first exposure. All cuts are determined in a blind manner from in situ calibrations with external radioactive sources without any prior knowledge of the event distribution in the signal region. Resulting efficiencies are known to $\sim 10\%$. A single event with a recoil of 64 keV passes all of the cuts and is consistent with the expected misidentification rate of surface electron recoils. Under the assumptions for a standard dark matter halo, these data exclude previously unexplored parameter space for both spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering. The resulting limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section has a minimum of $4\times {10}^{-43}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ at a WIMP mass of $60\mathrm{GeV}{\mathrm{c}}^{-2}$. The minimum of the limit for the spin-dependent WIMP-neutron elastic-scattering cross section is $2\times {10}^{-37}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ at a WIMP mass of $50\mathrm{GeV}{\mathrm{c}}^{-2}$.

We report on a measurement of the branching fractions for $B^{-}\to D^{(*)+}{\pi }^{-}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ and $\overline{B^0}\to D^{(*)0}{\pi }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ with $275\times {10}^6$ $B\overline{B}$ events collected at the ${\rm Y}(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. Events are tagged by fully reconstructing one of the $B$ mesons in hadronic modes. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell })=(0.54\pm 0.07(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.07(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.06(\mathrm{BR}))\times {10}^{-2}$, $\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{*+}{\pi }^{-}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell })=(0.67\pm 0.11(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.09(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.03(\mathrm{BR}))\times {10}^{-2}$, $\mathcal{B}(\overline{B^0}\to D^0{\pi }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell })=(0.33\pm 0.06(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.06(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.03(\mathrm{BR}))\times {10}^{-2}$, $\mathcal{B}(\overline{B^0}\to D^{*0}{\pi }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell })=(0.65\pm 0.12(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.08(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.05(\mathrm{BR}))\times {10}^{-2}$, where the third error comes from the error on $\overline{B}\to D^{(*)}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays. Contributions from $\overline{B^0}\to D^{*+}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays are excluded in the measurement of $\overline{B^0}\to D^0{\pi }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\ell }$.

Using $3.08\times {10}^6$ $\psi (2S)$ decays observed in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions by the CLEO detector, we present the results of a study of the $\psi (2S)$ decaying into baryon-antibaryon final states. We report the most precise measurements of the following eight modes: $p\overline{p}$, $\Lambda \overline{\Lambda }$, ${\Sigma }^{+}\overline{{\Sigma }^{+}}$ (first observation), ${\Sigma }^0\overline{{\Sigma }^0}$, ${\Xi }^{-}\overline{{\Xi }^{-}}$, and ${\Xi }^0\overline{{\Xi }^0}$ (first observation), and place upper limits for the modes $\Xi (1530{)}^0\overline{\Xi (1530{)}^0}$ and ${\Omega }^{-}\overline{{\Omega }^{-}}$.

We discuss how to take a Penrose limit in bubbling $1/2$ Bogomol’nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield geometries at the stage of a single function $z(x_1,x_2,y)$. By starting from the $z$ of the ${\mathrm{AdS}}_5\times {\mathrm{S}}^5$, we can directly derive that of the $pp$ wave via the Penrose limit. In the course of the calculation, the function $z$ for the $pp$ wave with $1/R^2$ corrections is obtained. We see that it surely reproduces the $pp$ wave with $1/R^2$ terms. We also investigate the $pp$ wave with higher-order $1/R^2$ corrections. In addition, the Penrose limit in the configuration of the concentric rings is considered.