We formally show that the conservative second post-Newtonian (PN) accurate dynamics of spinning compact binaries moving in eccentric orbits, when spin effects are restricted to the leading order spin-orbit interaction cannot be chaotic for the following two distinct cases: (i) the binary consists of compact objects of arbitrary mass, where only one of them is spinning with an arbitrary spin and (ii) the binary consists of equal-mass compact objects, having two arbitrary spins. We rest our arguments on the recent determination of PN accurate Keplerian-type parametric solutions to the above cases, indicating that the PN accurate dynamics is integrable in these two situations. We compare predictions of our case (i) with those from a numerical investigation of an equivalent scenario that observed chaos in the associated dynamics. We also present possible reasons for the discrepancies.

It is shown that, contrary to the widespread opinion, particle collisions considerably increase the accretion rate from the cosmological background onto 5D primordial black holes formed during the high-energy phase of the Randall-Sundrum Type II braneworld scenario. Increase of the accretion rate leads to much tighter constraints on initial primordial black hole mass fraction imposed by the critical density limit and measurements of high-energy diffuse photon background and antiproton excess.

In some areas of supersymmetry parameter space, sneutrinos are lighter than the charginos and the next-to-lightest neutralino, and they decay into the invisible neutrino plus lightest-neutralino channel with probability one. In such a scenario they can be searched for in decays of charginos that are pair produced in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions, and in associated sneutrino-chargino production in photon-electron collisions. The sneutrino properties can be determined with high accuracy from the edges of the decay energy spectra in the first case and from threshold scans in the second. In the final part of the report we investigate the mass difference of sneutrinos and charged sleptons between the third and the first two generations in seesaw-type models of the neutrino/sneutrino sector. For a wide range these mass differences are sensitive to the seesaw scale.

The [dual] string tension of a spatial ’t Hooft loop in the deconfined phase of Yang-Mills theory can be formulated as the tension of an interface separating different $Z_N$ deconfined vacua. We review the 1-loop perturbative calculation of this interface tension in the continuum and extend it to the lattice. The lattice corrections are large. Taking these corrections into account, we compare Monte Carlo measurements of the dual string tension with perturbation theory, for SU(2). Agreement is observed at the 2% level, down to temperatures $\mathcal{O}(10)T_c$.

We estimate effects of the final state interactions in $B\to \pi \pi$ decays coming from rescattering of $\pi \pi$ via exchange of $\rho$, $\sigma ,f_0$ mesons. Then we include the $\rho \rho$ rescattering via exchange of $\pi$, $\omega$, $a_1$ mesons and finally we consider contributions of the $a_1\pi$ rescattering via exchange of $\rho$. The absorptive parts of amplitudes for these processes are determined. In the case of ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decay mode, due to model uncertainties, the calculated contribution is $|{\mathcal{M}}_A|\le 1.7\times {10}^{-8}$ GeV. This produces a small relative strong phase for the tree and color-suppressed $B\to \pi \pi$ amplitudes consistent with the result of a recent phenomenological analysis based on the BABAR and Belle results for the $B\to \pi \pi$ branching ratios and $CP$ asymmetries.

We study the effect of spontaneous Lorentz violation on neutrinos. We consider two kinds of effects: static effects, where the neutrino acquires a Lorentz-violating dispersion relation, and dynamic effects, which arise from the interactions of the neutrino with the Goldstone boson of spontaneous Lorentz violation. Static effects are well detailed in the literature. Here, special emphasis is given to the novel dynamic effect of Goldstone-Čerenkov radiation, where neutrinos moving with respect to a preferred rest frame can spontaneously emit Goldstone bosons. We calculate the observable consequences of this process and use them to derive experimental bounds from SN1987A and the CMBR. The bounds derived from dynamic effects are complementary to—and in many cases much stronger than—those obtained from static effects.

We report exact analytical expressions relating the fundamental parameters describing the neutralino sector in the context of the left-right supersymmetric model. The method used for such effects is the projector formalism deduced without taking into account the Jarlskog’s projector formulas. Also, expressions for the neutralino masses and the neutralino mixing matrix are determined . The results are compared with numerical and analytical ones obtained in similar scenarios in the context of the minimal supersymmetric standard model.

We give a correct tensor proof of the positive energy problem for the case including momentum on the basis of conditions of the existence of the two-to-one correspondence between the Sen-Witten spinor field and the Sen-Witten orthonormal frame. These conditions were obtained in our previous publications, but the true significance of our works was not estimated properly by Chee, and these were not correctly quoted in his publication. On other hand, the main result of our work is a substantial argument in favor of the geometrical nature of the Sen-Witten spinor field.

The fact that we apparently live in an accelerating universe places limitations on where humans might visit. If the current energy density of the universe is dominated by a cosmological constant, a rocket could reach a galaxy observed today at a redshift of 1.7 on a one-way journey or merely 0.65 on a round trip. Unfortunately these maximal trips are impractical as they require an infinite proper time to traverse. However, calculating the rocket trajectory in detail shows that a rocketeer could nearly reach such galaxies within a lifetime (a long lifetime admittedly—about 100 years). For less negative values of $w$ the maximal redshift increases becoming infinite for $w\ge -1/3$.

In the Kachru-Kallosh-Linde-Trivedi (KKLT) de-Sitter construction one introduces an anti-D3-brane that breaks the supersymmetry and leads to a positive cosmological constant. In this paper we investigate the open string moduli associated with this anti-D3-brane, corresponding to its position on the $S^3$ at the tip of the deformed conifold. We show that in the KKLT construction these moduli are very light, and we suggest a possible way to give these moduli a large mass by putting orientifold planes in the KKLT “throat.”

Supersymmetric quantum Hall liquids are constructed on a noncommutative superplane. We explore a supersymmetric formalism of the Landau problem. In the lowest Landau level, there appear spinless bosonic states and spin-1/2 down fermionic states, which exhibit a superchiral property. It is shown that the Laughlin wave function and topological excitations have their superpartners. Similarities between supersymmetric quantum Hall systems and bilayer quantum Hall systems are discussed.

The nonlocal mass operator $\mathrm{Tr}\int d^{4}x{F}_{\mu \nu }(D^2{)}^{-1}{F}_{\mu \nu }$ is considered in Yang-Mills theories in Euclidean space-time. It is shown that the operator $\mathrm{Tr}\int d^{4}x{F}_{\mu \nu }(D^2{)}^{-1}{F}_{\mu \nu }$ can be cast in local form through the introduction of a set of additional fields. A local and polynomial action is thus identified. Its multiplicative renormalizability is proven by means of the algebraic renormalization in the class of linear covariant gauges. The anomalous dimensions of the fields and of the mass operator are computed at one-loop order. A few remarks on the possible role of this operator for the issue of the gauge invariance of the dimension two condensates are outlined.

We reformulate the theory of Schwarzschild black hole perturbations in terms of the metric perturbation in the Lorenz gauge. In this formulation, each tensor-harmonic mode of the perturbation is constructed algebraically from ten scalar functions, satisfying a set of ten wavelike equations, which are decoupled at their principal parts. We solve these equations using numerical evolution in the time domain, for the case of a pointlike test particle set in a circular geodesic orbit around the black hole. Our code uses characteristic coordinates, and incorporates a constraint-damping scheme. The axially symmetric, odd-parity modes of the perturbation are obtained analytically. The approach developed here is especially advantageous in applications requiring knowledge of the local metric perturbation near a point particle; in particular, it offers a useful framework for calculations of the gravitational self-force.

We further explore the counterterm subtraction definition of charges (e.g., energy) for classical gravitating theories in spacetimes of relevance to gauge/gravity dualities; i.e., in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spaces and their kin. In particular, we show in general that charges defined via the counterterm subtraction method generate the desired asymptotic symmetries. As a result, they can differ from any other such charges, such as those defined by bulk spacetime-covariant techniques, only by a function of auxiliary nondynamical structures such as a choice of conformal frame at infinity (i.e., a function of the boundary fields alone). Our argument is based on the Peierls bracket, and in the AdS context allows us to demonstrate the above result even for asymptotic symmetries which generate only conformal symmetries of the boundary (in the chosen conformal frame). We also generalize the counterterm subtraction construction of charges to the case in which additional nonvanishing boundary fields are present.

The model of RH neutrino fields coupled to the MSSM is shown to yield a large parameter regime of warm inflation. In the strong dissipative regime, it is shown that inflation, driven by a single sneutrino field, occurs with all field amplitudes below the Planck scale. Analysis is also made of leptogenesis, neutrino mass generation and gravitino constraints. A new warm inflation scenario is purposed in which one scalar field drives a period of warm inflation and a second field drives a subsequent phase of reheating. Such a model is able to reduce the final temperature after inflation, thus helping to mitigate gravitino constraints.

This paper examines the classical dynamics of false-vacuum regions embedded in surrounding regions of true vacuum, in the thin-wall limit. The dynamics of all generally relativistically allowed solutions—most but not all of which have been previously studied—are derived, enumerated, and interpreted. We comment on the relation of these solutions to possible mechanisms whereby inflating regions may be spawned from noninflating ones. We then calculate the dynamics of first-order deviations from spherical symmetry, finding that many solutions are unstable to such aspherical perturbations. The parameter space in which the perturbations on bound solutions inevitably become nonlinear is mapped. This instability has consequences for the Farhi-Guth-Guven mechanism for baby universe production via quantum tunneling.

We determine the contribution of nontrivial vacuum (topological) excitations, more specifically vortex-strings of the Abelian Higgs model in $3+1$ dimensions, to the functional partition function. By expressing the original action in terms of dual transformed fields we make explicit in the equivalent action the contribution of the vortex-strings excitations of the model. The effective potential of an appropriately defined local vacuum expectation value of the vortex-string field in the dual transformed action is then evaluated both at zero and finite temperatures and its properties discussed in the context of the finite-temperature phase transition.

In past years, HiRes and AGASA experiments have explored the fluorescence and the ground array experimental techniques to measure extensive air showers, both being essential to investigate the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. However, such collaborations have published contradictory energy spectra for energies above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. In this article, we investigate the acceptance of fluorescence telescopes to different primary particles at the highest energies. Using CORSIKA and CONEX shower simulations without and with the new preshowering scheme, which allows photons to interact in the Earth’s magnetic field, we estimate the aperture of the HiRes-I telescope for gamma, iron nucleus, and proton primaries as a function of the number of simulated events and primary energy. We also investigate the possibility that systematic differences in shower development for hadrons and gammas could mask or distort vital features of the cosmic ray energy spectrum at energies above the photo-pion production threshold. The impact of these effects on the true acceptance of a fluorescence detector is analyzed in the context of top-down production models.