The modified-inertia MOND is an approach that proposes a change in Newton’s second law at small accelerations as an alternative to dark matter. Recently it was suggested that this approach can be tested in terrestrial laboratory experiments. One way of doing the test is based on the static high-latitude equinox modified-inertia effect: around each equinox date, 2 spots emerge on the Earth where static bodies experience spontaneous displacement due to the violation of Newton’s second law required by the modified-inertia MOND. Here, a detailed theory of this effect is developed and estimates of the magnitude of the signal due to the effect are obtained. The expected displacement of a mirror in a gravitational-wave interferometer is found to be about ${10}^{-14}\mathrm{m}$. Some experimental aspects of the proposal are discussed.

We consider 5-dimensional gauge theories where the 5th direction is compactified on an interval. The Chern-Simons (CS) terms (favored by the naive dimensional analysis) are discussed. A simple scenario with an extra $U(1{)}_X$ gauge field that couples to $SU(3{)}_{\mathrm{color}}$ through a CS term in the bulk is constructed. The extra component of the Abelian gauge field plays a role of the axion (gauge-axion unification), which in the standard manner solves the strong $CP$ problem easily avoiding most of the experimental constraints. The possibility of discovering the gauge-unification at the LHC is discussed.

We present a two-flavor QCD calculation of $B_K$ on a ${16}^3\times 32$ lattice at $a\sim 0.12\mathrm{fm}$ (or equivalently $a^{-1}=1.67\mathrm{GeV}$). Both valence and sea quarks are described by the overlap fermion formulation. The matching factor is calculated nonperturbatively with the so-called RI/MOM scheme. We find that the lattice data are well described by the next-to-leading order (NLO) partially quenched chiral perturbation theory (PQChPT) up to around a half of the strange quark mass ($m_s^{\mathrm{phys}}/2$). The data at quark masses heavier than $m_s^{\mathrm{phys}}/2$ are fitted including a part of next-to-next-to-leading order terms. We obtain $B_K^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(2\mathrm{GeV})=0.537(4)(40)$, where the first error is statistical and the second is an estimate of systematic uncertainties from finite volume, fixing topology, the matching factor, and the scale setting.

We propose a search for the newly discovered tetraquark candidate $Z(4430)$ in photoproduction. Based on the Belle results, we show that if $Z(4430)$ is a genuine resonance, its significantly large coupling to ${\psi }^{\prime }\pi$ will cause it to stand out above the background in $\gamma p\to Z^{+}(4430)n\to {\psi }^{\prime }{\pi }^{+}n$. We consider the dependence of the cross section for the quantum numbers ($J^P=1^{-}$, $1^{+}$, or $0^{-}$).

Here we respond to the Comment by Faraoni and Lanahan-Tremblay on our paper. We show that the criticisms of our paper presented in this Comment are incorrect.

We comment on, and complete, the analysis of the weak-field limit of metric $f(R)$ gravity in [T. Chiba, T. L. Smith, and A. L. Erickcek, Phys. Rev. D 75, 124014 (2007).].

We consider the question of reconstructing (cubic) SUGRA interactions in AdS/CFT. The method we introduce is based on the matrix model maps (MMP) which were previously successfully employed at the linearized level. The strategy is to start with the map for $1/2$ BPS configurations, which is exactly known (to all orders) in the Hamiltonian framework. We then use the extension of the matrix model map with the corresponding Ward identities to completely specify the interaction. A central point in this construction is the nonvanishing of off-shell interactions (even for highest-weight states).

The anomalous excess of low-energy ${\nu }_e$ events measured in the MiniBooNE experiment is explained through a renormalization of the absolute neutrino flux and a simultaneous disappearance of the ${\nu }_e$’s in the beam, which is compatible with that indicated by the results of gallium radioactive source experiments. We present the results of the fit of MiniBooNE data ($P_{{\nu }_e\to {\nu }_e}={0.64}_{-0.07}^{+0.08}$) and the combined fit of MiniBooNE data and the ${\nu }_e$ disappearance measured in the gallium radioactive source experiments, which gives $P_{{\nu }_e\to {\nu }_e}=0.82\pm 0.04$. We show that our interpretation of the data is also compatible with an old indication in favor of ${\nu }_e$ disappearance found from the analysis of the results of beam-dump experiments, leading to $P_{{\nu }_e\to {\nu }_e}={0.80}_{-0.04}^{+0.03}$.

We report an improved measurement of the $B^{+}\to D^{+}{\overline{D}}^0$ and $B^0\to D^0{\overline{D}}^0$ decays based on $657\times {10}^6$ $B\overline{B}$ events collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. We measure the branching fraction and charge asymmetry for the $B^{+}\to D^{+}{\overline{D}}^0$ decay: $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to D^{+}{\overline{D}}^0)=(3.85\pm 0.31\pm 0.38)\times {10}^{-4}$ and $A_{CP}(B^{+}\to D^{+}{\overline{D}}^0)=0.00\pm 0.08\pm 0.02$, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We also set the upper limit for the $B^0\to D^0{\overline{D}}^0$ decay: $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to D^0{\overline{D}}^0)<0.43\times {10}^{-4}$ at 90% CL.

We perform the Lorentz-covariant non-Abelian gauging of a supermembrane (M-2 brane) action. This is a generalization of our previous work based on the teleparallel formulation, in which Lorentz covariance was not manifest. We introduce the Killing supervector ${\xi }^{AI}$ with the adjoint index $I$ for a non-Abelian gauge group $H$. This formulation is applicable to the compactification of a supermembrane from 11 dimensions into $D$ dimensions, such as $H=SO(11-D)$ for the compactification $M_{11}\to S^{11-D}\times M_D(1\le D\le 9)$.

The entanglement entropy between quantum fields inside and outside a black hole horizon is a promising candidate for the microscopic origin of black hole entropy. We show that the entanglement entropy may be defined in loop quantum gravity, and compute its value for spin network states. The entanglement entropy for an arbitrary region of space is expressed as a sum over punctures where the spin network intersects the region’s boundary. Our result agrees asymptotically with results previously obtained from the isolated horizon framework, and we give a justification for this agreement. We conclude by proposing a new method for studying corrections to the area law and its implications for quantum corrections to the gravitational action.

The rotation of the bodies and the eccentricity of the orbit have significant effects on the emitted gravitational radiation of binary systems. This work focuses on the evaluation of the gravitational wave polarization states for spinning compact binaries. We consider binaries on eccentric orbits and the spin-orbit interaction up to the 1.5 post-Newtonian order in a way which is independent of the parametrization of the orbit. The equations of motion for angular variables are included. The formal expressions of the polarization states are given with the inclusion of higher order corrections to the waveform.

We make an extensive study of evolution of gravitational perturbations of $D$-dimensional black holes in Gauss-Bonnet theory. There is an instability at higher multipoles $\ell$ and large Gauss-Bonnet coupling $\alpha$ for $D=5$, 6, which is stabilized at higher $D$. Although a small negative gap of the effective potential for the scalar type of gravitational perturbations exists for higher $D$ and whatever $\alpha$, it does not lead to any instability.

We discuss the naturalness of exponential potentials for quintessence, showing that the resulting almost flat direction in the space of scalar fields, as well as the small time dependent cosmon mass, can be related to an anomalous dilatation symmetry. We argue that the physics of the cosmological constant is Planck scale physics and comment on the role of quantum fluctuations. We present three higher-dimensional scenarios how a runaway of the “cosmological constant” to zero can be combined with stable particle physics properties, leading at most to small variations of the “fundamental couplings.”

The possibility of a strongly interacting electroweak symmetry breaking sector, as opposed to the weakly interacting light Higgs of the standard model, is not yet ruled out by experiments. In this paper we make an extensive study of a deconstructed model (or “moose” model) providing an effective description of such a strong symmetry breaking sector, and show its compatibility with experimental data for a wide portion of the model parameter space. The model is a direct generalization of the previously proposed D-BESS model.

We present a comprehensive study of the lowest moments of nucleon generalized parton distributions in $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD using domain-wall valence quarks and improved staggered sea quarks. Our investigation includes helicity dependent and independent generalized parton distributions for pion masses as low as 350 MeV and volumes as large as $(3.5\mathrm{fm}{)}^3$, for a lattice spacing of 0.124 fm. We use perturbative renormalization at one-loop level with an improvement based on the nonperturbative renormalization factor for the axial vector current, and only connected diagrams are included in the isosinglet channel.

It is well known that the instanton approach to QCD generates an effective term which looks like a three-flavor determinant of quark bilinears. This has the right behavior to explain the unusual mass and mixing of the $\eta (958)$ meson, as is often simply illustrated with the aid of a linear SU(3) sigma model. It is less well known that the instanton analysis generates another term which has the same transformation property but does not have a simple interpretation in terms of this usual linear sigma model. Here we point out that this term has an interpretation in a generalized linear sigma model containing two chiral nonets. The second chiral nonet is taken to correspond to mesons having two quarks and two antiquarks in their makeup. The generalized model seems to be useful for learning about the spectrum of low-lying scalar mesons which have been emerging in the last few years. The physics of the new term is shown to be related to the properties of an excited ${\eta }^{\prime }$ state present in the generalized model and for which there are some experimental candidates.

A sequential fourth generation of quarks and leptons is allowed by precision electroweak constraints if the mass splitting between the heavy quarks is between 50 and 80 GeV. Although heavy quarks can be easily detected at the LHC, it is very difficult to detect a sequential heavy charged lepton, $L$, due to large backgrounds. Should the $L$ mass be above 250 GeV, it cannot be pair-produced at a 500 GeV ILC. We calculate the cross section for the one-loop process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to L\tau$. Although the cross section is small, it may be detectable. We also consider contributions from the two-Higgs doublet model and the Randall-Sundrum model, in which case the cross section can be substantially higher.