We present a new classification scheme of baryon ground states and resonances into $SU(3)$ flavor multiplets. The scheme is worked out along a covariant formalism with relativistic constituent quark models and it relies on detailed investigations of the baryon spectra, the spin-flavor structure of the baryon eigenstates, the behavior of their probability density distributions as well as covariant predictions for mesonic decay widths. The results are found to be quite independent of the specific types of relativistic constituent quark models employed. It turns out that a consistent classification requires one to include also resonances that are presently reported from experiments with only two-star status.

We present measurements of the decays $B^{+}\to X(3872)K^{+}$ and $B^0\to X(3872)K^0$ with $X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. The data sample used, collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ asymmetric-energy storage ring, corresponds to $455\times {10}^{6}B\overline{B}$ pairs. Branching fraction measurements of $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to X(3872)K^{+})\times \mathcal{B}(X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})=(8.4\pm 1.5\pm 0.7)\times {10}^{-6}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^0\to X(3872)K^0)\times \mathcal{B}(X(3872)\to J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})=(3.5\pm 1.9\pm 0.4)\times {10}^{-6}$ are obtained. We set an upper limit on the natural width of the $X(3872)$ of $\Gamma <3.3\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ at the 90% confidence level.

In this paper we investigate radiation by an accelerated quark in a strongly coupled gauge theory via anti–de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. According to the AdS/CFT dictionary, we can read off the energy density or energy flux of the radiation from the asymptotic gravitational field in AdS bulk sourced by an accelerated string trailing behind the quark. In the case of an oscillating quark with frequency $\Omega$, we show that the time averaged energy density is asymptotically isotropic, and it falls off as $(g_{\mathrm{YM}}^{2}N{)}^{1/2}{\Omega }^4/R^2$ with distance $R$ from the source. In a toy model of a scattered quark by an external field, we simply estimate the Poynting vector by the bremsstrahlung radiation and show that the energy flux is anisotropic outgoing radiation. Based on these investigations, we discuss the properties of strongly coupled gauge theory radiation in comparison with electromagnetic radiation.

We compute the one-point function of the glueball loop operator in the maximally confining phase of supersymmetric gauge theory using instanton calculus. In the maximally confining phase the residual symmetry is the diagonal $U(1)$ subgroup and the localization formula implies that the chiral correlation functions are the sum of the contributions from each fixed point labeled by the Young diagram. The summation can be performed exactly by operator formalism of free fermions, which is also featured in the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of ${\mathbf{P}}^1$. By taking the Laplace transformation of the glueball loop operator, we find an exact agreement with the previous results for the generating function (resolvent) of the glueball one-point functions.

We consider the neutrino (and antineutrino) flavors arriving at the Earth for neutrinos produced in the annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the sun’s core. Solar-matter effects on the flavor propagation of the resulting $\gtrsim \mathrm{GeV}$ neutrinos are studied analytically within a density-matrix formalism. Matter effects, including mass-state level crossings, influence the flavor fluxes considerably. The exposition herein is somewhat pedagogical, in that it starts with adiabatic evolution of single flavors from the sun’s center, with ${\theta }_{13}$ set to zero, and progresses to fully realistic processing of the flavor ratios expected in WIMP decay, from the sun’s core to the Earth. In the fully realistic calculation, nonadiabatic level crossing is included, as are possible nonzero values for ${\theta }_{13}$ and the CP-violating phase $\delta$. Because of resonance enhancement in matter, nonzero values of ${\theta }_{13}$ even smaller than a degree can noticeably affect flavor propagation. Both normal and inverted neutrino-mass hierarchies are considered. Our main conclusion is that measuring flavor ratios (in addition to energy spectra) of $\gtrsim \mathrm{GeV}$ solar neutrinos can provide discrimination between WIMP models. In particular, we demonstrate the flavor differences at the Earth for neutrinos from the two main classes of WIMP final states, namely $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ and $95\%b\overline{b}+5\%{\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$. Conversely, if WIMP properties were to be learned from production in future accelerators, then the flavor ratios of $\gtrsim \mathrm{GeV}$ solar neutrinos might be useful for inferring ${\theta }_{13}$ and the mass hierarchy. From the full calculations, we find (and prove) some general features: a flavor-democratic flux produced at the sun’s core arrives at the Earth still flavor democratic; for maximal ${\theta }_{32}$ but arbitrary ${\theta }_{21}$ and ${\theta }_{13}$, the replacement $\delta \to \pi -\delta$ leaves the ${\nu }_e$ flavor spectra unaltered but interchanges ${\nu }_{\mu }$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ spectra at the Earth; and, only for neutrinos in the inverted hierarchy and antineutrinos in the normal hierarchy is the dependence on the mixing phase $\delta$ not suppressed to order $\delta m_{21}^2/\delta m_{32}^2$.

The equation of motion of an extended object in spacetime reduces to an ordinary differential equation in the presence of symmetry. By properly defining the symmetry with the notion of cohomogeneity, we discuss the method for classifying all these extended objects. We carry out the classification for the strings in the five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space by the effective use of the local isomorphism between $SO(4,2)$ and $SU(2,2)$. In the case where the string is described by the Nambu-Goto action, we present a general method for solving the trajectory. We then apply the method to one of the classification cases, where the spacetime naturally obtains a Hopf-like bundle structure, and find a solution. The geometry of the solution is analyzed and found to be a timelike, helicoidlike surface.

We consider the model of a false-vacuum bubble with a thin wall where the surface energy density is composed of two different components, “domain-wall” type and “dust” type, with opposite signs. We find stably oscillating solutions, which we call “breathing bubbles.” By decay to a lower mass state, such a breathing bubble could become either (i) a child universe or ii) a bubble that “eats up” the original universe, depending on the sign of the surface energy of the domain-wall component. We also discuss the effect of the finite-thickness corrections to the thin-wall approximation and possible origins of the energy contents of our model.

We consider a real massless scalar field in a two-dimensional spacetime, satisfying Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition at the instantaneous position of a moving boundary. For a relativistic law of motion, we show that Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions yield the same radiation force on a moving mirror when the initial field state is invariant under time translations. We obtain the exact formulas for the energy density of the field and the radiation force on the boundary for vacuum, thermal, coherent, and squeezed states. In the nonrelativistic limit, our results coincide with those found in the literature.

It is shown that space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as DECIGO and/or the Big Bang Observer will provide us with invaluable information on the cosmic thermal history after inflation, and they will be able to determine the reheat temperature $T_R$ provided that it lies in the range preferred by the cosmological gravitino problem, $T_R\sim {10}^{5–9}\mathrm{GeV}$. Therefore it is strongly desired that they will be put into practice as soon as possible.

I consider an extended version of Bekenstein’s Tensor-Vector-Scalar theory where the action of the vector field is of a general Einstein-Ether form. This work presents the cosmological equations of this theory, both at the background and perturbed level, for scalar, vector and tensor perturbation modes. By solving the background equations in the radiation era analytically, to an excellent approximation, I construct the primordial adiabatic perturbation for a general family of scalar field kinetic functions.

We consider cosmological consequences of a heavy axino, decaying to the neutralino in R-parity conserving models. The importance and influence of the axino decay on the resultant abundance of neutralino dark matter depends on the lifetime and the energy density of axino. For a high reheating temperature after inflation, copiously produced axinos dominate the energy density of the universe, and its decay produces a large amount of entropy. As a bonus, we obtain that the upper bound on the reheating temperature after inflation via gravitino decay can be moderated, because the entropy production by the axino decay more or less dilutes the gravitinos.

The most general initial conditions of cosmic microwave background anisotropies, compatible with the presence of pre-equality magnetic fields, are derived. When the plasma is composed of photons, baryons, electrons, cold dark matter particles and neutrinos, the initial data of the truncated Einstein-Boltzmann hierarchy contemplate one magnetized adiabatic mode and four (magnetized) nonadiabatic modes. After obtaining the analytical form of the various solutions, the Einstein-Boltzmann hierarchy is numerically integrated for the corresponding sets of initial data. The TT, TE and EE angular power spectra are illustrated and discussed for the magnetized generalization of the cold dark matter-radiation mode, of the baryon-radiation mode and of the nonadiabatic mode of the neutrino sector. Mixtures of initial conditions are examined by requiring that the magnetized adiabatic mode dominates over the remaining nonadiabatic contributions. In the latter case, possible degeneracies between complementary sets of initial data might be avoided through the combined analysis of the TT, TE and EE angular power spectra at high multipoles (i.e. $\ell >1000$).

A charged Higgs boson is a clear signal for an extended Higgs sector, as, for example, predicted by supersymmetry. Squark mixing can significantly change the pattern of charged-Higgs production and most notably circumvent the chiral suppression for single Higgs production. We evaluate the CERN LHC discovery potential in the light of flavor physics, in the single-Higgs production channel and in association with a hard jet for small and moderate values of $\tan \beta$. Thoroughly examining current flavor constraints we find that nonminimal flavor structures can have a sizable impact but tend to predict moderate production rates. Nevertheless, charged-Higgs searches will probe flavor structures not accessible to rare kaon, bottom, or charm experiments and can invalidate the assumption of minimal flavor violation.

Many new physics models predict resonances with masses in the TeV range which decay into a pair of top quarks. With its large cross section, $t\overline{t}$ production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) offers an excellent opportunity to search for such particles. We present a detailed study of the discovery potential of the CERN Large Hadron Collider for Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the gluon in bulk Randall-Sundrum (RS) models in the $t\overline{t}\to {\ell }^{\pm }\nu b\overline{b}q{\overline{q}}^{\prime }$ ($\ell =e$, $\mu$) final state. We utilize final states with one or two tagged $b$-quarks, and two, three or four jets (including $b$-jets). Our calculations take into account the finite resolution of detectors, the energy loss due to $b$-quark decays, the expected reduced $b$-tagging at large $t\overline{t}$ invariant masses, and include the background originating from $\mathrm{Wb}\overline{b}+\mathrm{\text{jets}}$, $(Wb+W\overline{b})+\mathrm{\text{jets}}$, $W+\mathrm{\text{jets}}$, and $\mathrm{\text{single top}}+\mathrm{\text{jets}}$ production. We derive semirealistic $5\sigma$ discovery limits for nine different KK gluon scenarios, and compare them with those for KK gravitons, and a $Z_H$ boson in the Littlest Higgs model. We also analyze the capabilities of the LHC experiments to differentiate between individual KK gluon models and measure the couplings of KK gluons to quarks. We find that, for the parameters and models chosen, KK gluons with masses up to about 4 TeV can be discovered at the LHC. The ability of the LHC to discriminate between different bulk RS models, and to measure the couplings of the KK gluons is found to be highly model dependent.

Various decay processes, such as the decay of a spin-1 particle into two photons or the gravitational decay of a spin-$1/2$ fermion, are forbidden in the vacuum by a combination of requirements, including angular momentum conservation, Lorentz invariance, and gauge invariance. We show that such processes can occur in a medium, such as a thermal background of particles, even if it is homogeneous and isotropic. We carry out a model-independent analysis of the vertex function for such processes in terms of a set of form factors, and show that the amplitude can be nonzero while remaining consistent with the symmetry principles mentioned above. The results simulate Lorentz symmetry violating effects, although in this case they arise from completely Lorentz-invariant physics.

We study momentum relaxation due to dilute, weak impurities in a strongly coupled CFT, a truncation of the M2 brane theory. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we compute the relaxation time scale as a function of the background magnetic field $B$ and charge density $\rho$. The theory admits two different types of impurities. We find that for magnetic impurities, momentum relaxation due to the impurity is suppressed by a background $B$ or $\rho$. For electric impurities, due to an underlying instability in the theory toward an ordered phase, the inverse relaxation time scale increases dramatically near $\sqrt{B^2+{\rho }^2/{\sigma }_0^2}\sim 21T^2$. We compute the Nernst response for the impure theory, and comment on similarities with recent measurements in superconductors.

Quantum field theories (QFT’s) on noncommutative spacetimes are currently under intensive study. Usually such theories have world sheet noncommutativity. In the present work, instead, we study QFT’s with commutative world sheet and noncommutative target space. Such noncommutativity can be interpreted in terms of twisted statistics and is related to earlier work of Oeckl [R. Oeckl, Commun. Math. Phys. 217, 451 (2001).], and others [A. P. Balachandran, G. Mangano, A. Pinzul, and S. Vaidya, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 21, 3111 (2006); A. P. Balachandran, A. Pinzul, and B. A. Qureshi, Phys. Lett. B 634, 434 (2006); A. P. Balachandran, A. Pinzul, B. A. Qureshi, and S. Vaidya, arXiv:hep-th/0608138; A. P. Balachandran, T. R. Govindarajan, G. Mangano, A. Pinzul, B. A. Qureshi, and S. Vaidya, Phys. Rev. D 75, 045009 (2007); A. Pinzul, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 20, 6268 (2005); G. Fiore and J. Wess, Phys. Rev. D 75, 105022 (2007); Y. Sasai and N. Sasakura, Prog. Theor. Phys. 118, 785 (2007)]. The twisted spectra of their free Hamiltonians has been found earlier by Carmona et al. [J. M. Carmona, J. L. Cortes, J. Gamboa, and F. Mendez, Phys. Lett. B 565, 222 (2003); J. M. Carmona, J. L. Cortes, J. Gamboa, and F. Mendez, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2003) 058]. We review their derivation and then compute the partition function of one such typical theory. It leads to a deformed blackbody spectrum, which is analyzed in detail. The difference between the usual and the deformed blackbody spectrum appears in the region of high frequencies. Therefore we expect that the deformed blackbody radiation may potentially be used to compute a Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff which will depend on the noncommutative parameter $\theta$.

Many systems of interest in general relativistic astrophysics, including neutron stars, accreting compact objects in x-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, core collapse, and collapsars, are assumed to be approximately spherically symmetric or axisymmetric. In Newtonian or fixed-background relativistic approximations it is common practice to use spherical polar coordinates for computational grids; however, these coordinates have singularities and are difficult to use in fully relativistic models. We present, in this series of papers, a numerical technique which is able to use effectively spherical grids by employing multiple patches. We provide detailed instructions on how to implement such a scheme, and present a number of code tests for the fixed-background case, including an accretion torus around a black hole.

We study the production and signatures of doubly charged Higgs bosons (DCHBs) in the process $\gamma \gamma \leftrightarrow H^{--}{H}^{++}$ at the $e^{-}{e}^{+}$ International Linear Collider and CERN Linear Collider, where the intermediate photons are given by the Weizsäcker-Willians and laser backscattering distributions.

We present a detailed analysis on nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) with electrons including all muon and electron (anti)-neutrino data from existing accelerators and reactors, in conjunction with the “neutrino counting” data ($e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \nu \overline{\nu }\gamma$) from the four LEP collaborations. First we perform a one-parameter-at-a-time analysis, showing how most constraints improve with respect to previous results reported in the literature. We also present more robust results where the NSI parameters are allowed to vary freely in the analysis. We show the importance of combining LEP data with the other experiments in removing degeneracies in the global analysis constraining flavor-conserving NSI parameters which, at 90% and 95% C.L., must lie within unique allowed regions. Despite such improved constraints, there is still substantial room for improvement, posing a big challenge for upcoming experiments.