We present new measurements of time-dependent $CP$ asymmetries for $B^0\to D^{(*)+}{D}^{(*)-}$ decays using $(467\pm 5)\times {10}^6$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs collected with the BABAR detector located at the PEP-II $B$ Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We determine the $CP$-odd fraction of the $B^0\to D^{*+}{D}^{*-}$ decays to be $R_{\perp }=0.158\pm 0.028\pm 0.006$ and find $CP$ asymmetry parameters $S_{+}=-0.76\pm 0.16\pm 0.04$ and $C_{+}=+0.00\pm 0.12\pm 0.02$ for the $CP$-even component of this decay and $S_{\perp }=-1.80\pm 0.70\pm 0.16$ and $C_{\perp }=+0.41\pm 0.49\pm 0.08$ for the $CP$-odd component. We measure $S=-0.63\pm 0.36\pm 0.05$ and $C=-0.07\pm 0.23\pm 0.03$ for $B^0\to D^{+}{D}^{-}$, $S=-0.62\pm 0.21\pm 0.03$ and $C=+0.08\pm 0.17\pm 0.04$ for $B^0\to D^{*+}{D}^{-}$, and $S=-0.73\pm 0.23\pm 0.05$ and $C=+0.00\pm 0.17\pm 0.03$ for $B^0\to D^{+}{D}^{*-}$. For the $B^0\to D^{*\pm }{D}^{\mp }$ decays, we also determine the $CP$-violating asymmetry $\mathcal{A}=+0.008\pm 0.048\pm 0.013$. In each case, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The measured values for the asymmetries are all consistent with the standard model.

Hartnoll, Herzog, and Horowitz [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 031601 (2008).] discuss a holographic black hole solution which exhibits a superconductorlike transition. In the superconducting phase the black holes show infinite DC conductivity. This gives rise to the possibility of deforming the solutions by turning on a time independent current (supercurrent), without any electric field. This type of deformation does not exist for normal (nonsuperconducting) black holes, due to the no-hair theorems. In this paper we have studied such a supercurrent solution and the associated phase diagram. Interestingly, we have found a “special point” (critical point) in the phase diagram where the second order superconducting phase transition becomes first order. Supercurrent in superconducting materials is a well studied phenomenon in condensed matter systems. We have found some qualitative agreement with known results.

The familiar Fock space commonly used to describe the relativistic harmonic oscillator, for example, as part of string theory, is insufficient to describe all the states of the relativistic oscillator. We find that there are three different vacua leading to three disconnected Fock sectors, all constructed with the same creation-annihilation operators. These have different spacetime geometric properties as well as different algebraic symmetry properties or different quantum numbers. Two of these Fock spaces include negative norm ghosts (as in string theory), while the third one is completely free of ghosts. We discuss a gauge symmetry in a worldline theory approach that supplies appropriate constraints to remove all the ghosts from all Fock sectors of the single oscillator. The resulting ghost-free quantum spectrum in $d+1$ dimensions is then classified in unitary representations of the Lorentz group $\mathrm{SO}(d,1)$. Moreover, all states of the single oscillator put together make up a single infinite dimensional unitary representation of a hidden global symmetry $\mathrm{SU}(d,1)$, whose Casimir eigenvalues are computed. Possible applications of these new results in string theory and other areas of physics and mathematics are briefly mentioned.

In this paper we investigate in detail the correspondence between $E_{10}$ and Romans’ massive deformation of type IIA supergravity. We analyze the dynamics of a nonlinear sigma model for a spinning particle on the coset space $E_{10}/K(E_{10})$ and show that it reproduces the dynamics of the bosonic as well as the fermionic sector of the massive IIA theory, within the standard truncation. The mass deformation parameter corresponds to a generator of $E_{10}$ outside the realm of the generators entering the usual $D=11$ analysis, and is naturally included without any deformation of the coset model for $E_{10}/K(E_{10})$. Our analysis thus provides a dynamical unification of the massless and massive versions of type IIA supergravity inside $E_{10}$. We discuss a number of additional and general features of relevance in the analysis of any deformed supergravity in the correspondence to Kac-Moody algebras, including recently studied deformations where the trombone symmetry is gauged.

We analyze the pattern of fields in ($d+1$)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space in terms of those in $d$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The procedure, which is neither dimensional reduction nor dimensional compactification, is called dimensional degression. The analysis is performed group theoretically for all totally symmetric bosonic and fermionic representations of the anti-de Sitter algebra. The field-theoretical analysis is done for a massive scalar field in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{d+d^{\prime }}$ and massless spin–one-half, spin-one, and spin-two fields in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{d+1}$. The mass spectra of the resulting towers of fields in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_d$ are found. For the scalar field case, the obtained results extend to the shadow sector those obtained by Metsaev [Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 102, 100 (2001)] by a different method.

Coulomb gauge quantum chromodynamics within the first order functional formalism is considered. The quark contributions to the Dyson-Schwinger equations are derived and one-loop perturbative results for the two-point functions are presented.

We set up a canonical Hamiltonian formulation for a theory of gravity based on a Lagrangian density made up of the Hilbert-Palatini term and, instead of the Holst term, the Nieh-Yan topological density. The resulting set of constraints in the time gauge are shown to lead to a theory in terms of a real $SU(2)$ connection which is exactly the same as that of Barbero and Immirzi with the coefficient of the Nieh-Yan term identified as the inverse of the Barbero-Immirzi parameter. This provides a topological interpretation for this parameter. Matter coupling can then be introduced in the usual manner, without changing the universal topological Nieh-Yan term.

We prove that the stochastic and standard field-theoretical approaches produce exactly the same results for the amount of light massive scalar field fluctuations generated during inflation in the leading order of the slow-roll approximation. This is true both in the case for which this field is a test one and inflation is driven by another field, and the case for which the field plays the role of inflaton itself. In the latter case, in order to calculate the mean square of the gauge-invariant inflaton fluctuations, the logarithm of the scale factor $a$ has to be used as the time variable in the Fokker-Planck equation in the stochastic approach. The implications of particle production during inflation for the second stage of inflation and for the moduli problem are also discussed. The case of a massless self-interacting test scalar field in de Sitter background with a zero initial renormalized mean square is also considered in order to show how the stochastic approach can easily produce results corresponding to diagrams with an arbitrary number of scalar field loops in the field-theoretical approach (explicit results up to four loops included are presented).

We propose a method for cosmographic measurements by combining gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with cosmic shear surveys. We cross-correlate the galaxy counts in the lens plane with two different source planes: the CMB at $z\sim 1100$ and galaxies at an intermediate redshift. The ratio of the galaxy count/CMB lensing cross-correlation to the galaxy count/galaxy lensing cross-correlation is shown to be a purely geometric quantity, depending only on the distribution function of the source galaxies. By combining Planck, the Advanced Dark Energy Physics Telescope, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, the ratio can be measured to $\sim 4\%$ accuracy, whereas a future polarization-based experiment like CMBPOL can make a more precise ($\sim 1\%$) measurement. For cosmological models where the curvature and the equation of state parameter are allowed to vary, the direction of degeneracy defined by the measurement of this ratio is different from that traced out by baryon acoustic oscillation measurements. Combining this method with the stacked cluster mass reconstruction cosmography technique as proposed by Hu, Holz, and Vale (2007), the uncertainty in the ratio can be further reduced, improving the constraints on cosmological parameters. We also study the implications of the lensing-ratio measurement for early dark energy models, in the context of the parametrization proposed by Doran and Robbers (2006). For models which are degenerate with respect to the CMB, we find both baryon acoustic oscillation and lensing-ratio measurements to be insensitive to the early component of the dark energy density.

A simple formula is introduced which indicates the amount by which projections of dark matter direct detection experiments are expected to be degraded due to backgrounds.

We examine quintom dark energy models, produced by the combined consideration of a canonical and a phantom field, with nearly flat potentials and dark energy equation-of-state parameter $w_{\mathrm{DE}}$ close to $-1$. We find that all such models converge to a single expression for $w_{\mathrm{DE}}(z)$, depending only on the initial field values and their derivatives. We show that this quintom paradigm allows for a description of the transition through $-1$ in the near cosmological past. In addition, we provide the necessary conditions for the determination of the direction of the $-1$ crossing.

We investigate the implications of a light tetraquark field on chiral symmetry restoration at nonzero temperature within a simple chirally symmetric model. In order for the chiral phase transition to be crossover, as shown by lattice QCD studies, a strong mixing between scalar quarkonium and tetraquark fields is required. This leads to a light ($\sim 0.4\mathrm{GeV}$), predominantly tetraquark state, and a heavy ($\sim 1.2\mathrm{GeV}$), predominantly quarkonium state in the vacuum, in accordance with recently advocated interpretations of spectroscopy data. The mixing even increases with temperature and leads to an interchange of the roles of the originally heavy, predominantly quarkonium state and the originally light, predominantly tetraquark state. Then, as expected, the scalar quarkonium is a light state when becoming degenerate in mass with the pion as chiral symmetry is restored at nonzero temperature.

We analyze the semileptonic $D_q\to K_1\ell \nu$ transition with $q=u$, $d$, $s$, in the framework of the three-point QCD sum rules and the nonleptonic $D\to K_1\pi$ decay within the QCD factorization approach. We study $D_q$ to $K_1(1270)$ and $K_1(1400)$ transition form factors by separating the mixture of the $K_1(1270)$ and $K_1(1400)$ states. Using the transition form factors of the $D\to K_1$, we analyze the nonleptonic $D\to K_1\pi$ decay. We also present the decay amplitude and decay width of these decays in terms of the transition form factors. The branching ratios of these channel modes are also calculated at different values of the mixing angle ${\theta }_{K_1}$ and compared with the existing experimental data for the nonleptonic case.

We propose an extra-dimensional approach to the unparticle Higgs. The nonlocal 4D unparticle Higgs action is derived as the boundary effective action of a local 5D theory. We review the mechanism to generate unparticle spectra in the context of warped soft-wall models. Gauge invariance can be simply implemented and unitarity of the longitudinal $WW$ scattering amplitude is particularly transparent. Furthermore, the 5D approach uncovers a broader spectrum of phenomenological possibilities. The unparticle Higgs is accompanied by another continuum formed by Kaluza-Klein excitations of the standard model gauge fields which, in some cases, may take over the leading role in unitarizing $WW$ scattering.

We investigate the chiral-odd generalized parton distributions for nonzero skewness $\zeta$ in transverse and longitudinal position spaces by taking Fourier transform with respect to the transverse and longitudinal momentum transfer, respectively. We present overlap formulas for the chiral-odd generalized parton distributions in terms of light-front wave functions (LFWFs) of the proton both in the Efremov-Radyushkin-Brodsky-Lepage and Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi regions. We calculate them in a field theory inspired model of a relativistic spin-$1/2$ composite state with the correct correlation between the different LFWFs in Fock space, namely, that of the quantum fluctuations of an electron in a generalized form of QED. We show the spin-orbit correlation effect of the two-particle LFWF as well as the correlation between the constituent spin and the transverse spin of the target.

In this paper we present a comprehensive formalism for dilepton production from the collision of two polarized spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ hadrons by identifying the general angular distribution of the cross section in combination with a complete set of structure functions. The various structure functions are computed in the parton model approximation where we mainly consider the case when the transverse momentum of the dilepton pair is much smaller than its invariant mass. In this kinematical region dilepton production can be described in terms of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions.

We present a detailed analysis of the $B_c$ form factors in the Bauer-Stech-Wirbel framework, by investigating the effects of the flavor dependence on the average transverse quark momentum inside a meson. Branching ratios of two-body decays of $B_c$ mesons to pseudoscalar and vector mesons are predicted.

This article presents the first measurement of the ratio of branching fractions $\mathcal{B}({\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })/\mathcal{B}({\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\pi }^{-})$. Measurements in two control samples using the same technique $\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })/\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ and $\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{*}(2010{)}^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })/\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{*}(2010{)}^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ are also reported. The analysis uses data from an integrated luminosity of approximately $172{\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$ of $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\mathrm{TeV}$, collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The relative branching fractions are measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })}{\mathcal{B}({\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\pi }^{-})}=16.6\pm 3.0(\mathrm{stat})\pm 1.0(\mathrm{syst})\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{+2.6}{-3.4}(\mathrm{PDG})\pm 0.3(\mathrm{EBR})$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })}{\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{+}{\pi }^{-})}=9.9\pm 1.0(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.6(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.4(\mathrm{PDG})\pm 0.5(\mathrm{EBR})$, and $\frac{\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{*}(2010{)}^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu })}{\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to D^{*}(2010{)}^{+}{\pi }^{-})}=16.5\pm 2.3(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.6(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.5(\mathrm{PDG})\pm 0.8(\mathrm{EBR})$. The uncertainties are from statistics (stat), internal systematics (syst), world averages of measurements published by the Particle Data Group or subsidiary measurements in this analysis (PDG), and unmeasured branching fractions estimated from theory (EBR), respectively. This article also presents measurements of the branching fractions of four new ${\Lambda }_b^0$ semileptonic decays: ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c(2595{)}^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$, ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c(2625{)}^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$, ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Sigma }_c(2455{)}^0{\pi }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$, and ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Sigma }_c(2455{)}^{++}{\pi }^{-}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$, relative to the branching fraction of the ${\Lambda }_b^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$ decay. Finally, the transverse-momentum distribution of ${\Lambda }_b^0$ baryons produced in $p\overline{p}$ collisions is measured and found to be significantly different from that of ${\overline{B}}^0$ mesons, which results in a modification in the production cross-section ratio ${\sigma }_{{\Lambda }_b^0}/{\sigma }_{{\overline{B}}^0}$ with respect to the CDF I measurement.

In this brief addendum, we clarify a point which we left unaddressed in a previous publication [Phys. Rev. D 78, 066006 (2008)]. In particular, we show that a specific vacuum configuration constructed in one of our models satisfies the condition $D=0$. In the previous publication, we only showed $F=0$. Both $D=0$ and $F=0$ are necessary to ensure that supersymmetry survives to the weak scale.