We present a number of analytical results which should guide the interpretation of lattice data in theories with an infrared fixed point (IRFP) deformed by a mass term $\delta \mathcal{L}=-m\overline{q}q$. From renormalization group (RG) arguments we obtain the leading scaling exponent, $F\sim m^{{\eta }_F}$, for all decay constants of the lowest lying states other than the ones affected by the chiral anomaly and the tensor ones. These scaling relations provide a clear cut way to distinguish a theory with an IRFP from a confining theory with heavy fermions. Moreover, we present a derivation relating the scaling of $⟨\overline{q}q⟩\sim m^{{\eta }_{\overline{q}q}}$ to the scaling of the density of eigenvalues of the massless Dirac operator $\rho (\lambda )\sim {\lambda }^{{\eta }_{\overline{q}q}}$. RG arguments yield ${\eta }_{\overline{q}q}=(3-{\gamma }_{*})/(1+{\gamma }_{*})$ as a function of the mass anomalous dimension ${\gamma }_{*}$ at the IRFP. The arguments can be generalized to other condensates such as $⟨G^2⟩\sim m^{4/(1+{\gamma }_{*})}$. We describe a heuristic derivation of the result on the condensates, which provides interesting connections between different approaches. Our results are compared with existing data from numerical studies of SU(2) with two adjoint Dirac fermions.

We present a systematic study of uncertainties due to parton distributions (PDFs) and the strong coupling on the gluon-fusion production cross section of the standard model Higgs at the Tevatron and LHC colliders. We compare procedures and results when three recent sets of PDFs are used, CTEQ6.6, MSTW08, and NNPDF1.2, and we discuss specifically the way PDF and strong coupling uncertainties are combined. We find that results obtained from different PDF sets are in reasonable agreement if a common value of the strong coupling is adopted. We show that the addition in quadrature of PDF and ${\alpha }_s$ uncertainties provides an adequate approximation to the full result with exact error propagation. We discuss a simple recipe to determine a conservative $\mathrm{PDF}+{\alpha }_s$ uncertainty from available global parton sets, and we use it to estimate this uncertainty on the given process to be about 10% at the Tevatron and 5% at the LHC for a light Higgs.

We continue our study on the gravity duals for strongly coupled large $N$ QCD with fundamental flavors both at zero and nonzero temperatures. The gravity dual at zero temperature captures the logarithmic runnings of the coupling constants at far IR and the almost conformal, albeit strongly coupled, behavior at the UV. The full UV completion of gauge theory is accomplished in the gravity side by attaching an anti–de Sitter cap to the IR geometry described in our previous work. Attaching such an anti–de Sitter cap is highly nontrivial because it amounts to finding the right interpolating geometry and sources that take us from a gravity solution with nonzero three-form fluxes to another one that has almost vanishing three-form fluxes. In this paper we give a concrete realization of such a scenario, completing the program advocated in our earlier paper. One of the main advantages of having such a background, in addition to providing a dual description of the required gauge theory, is the absence of Landau poles and consequently the UV divergences of the Wilson loops. The potential for the heaviest fundamental quark-antiquark pairs, which are like the heavy quarkonium states in realistic QCD, can be computed and their linear behavior at large separations and zero temperature could be demonstrated. At small separations the expected Coulombic behavior appears to dominate. On the other hand, at nonzero temperatures interesting properties like heavy quarkonium-type suppressions and melting are shown to emerge from our gravity dual. We provide some discussions of the melting temperature and compare our results with the charmonium spectrum and lattice simulations. We argue that, in spite of the large $N$ nature of our construction, certain model-independent predictions can be made.

In this paper we describe the structure of extremal stationary spherically symmetric black-hole solutions in the $STU$ model of $D=4$, $N=2$ supergravity in terms of four-qubit systems. Our analysis extends the results of previous investigations based on three qubits. The basic idea facilitating this four-qubit interpretation is the fact that stationary solutions in $D=4$ supergravity can be described by dimensional reduction along the time direction. In this $D=3$ picture the global symmetry group $SL(2,\mathbb{R}{)}^{\times 3}$ of the model is extended by the Ehlers $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ accounting for the fourth qubit. We introduce a four-qubit state depending on the charges (electric, magnetic, and Newman-Unti-Tamburino), the moduli, and the warp factor. We relate the entanglement properties of this state to different classes of black-hole solutions in the $STU$ model. In the terminology of four-qubit entanglement extremal black-hole solutions correspond to nilpotent, and nonextremal ones to semisimple states. In arriving at this entanglement-based scenario the role of the four algebraically independent four-qubit $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ invariants is emphasized.

We give a systematic treatment of the quantum mechanics of a spin zero particle in a combined electromagnetic field and a weak gravitational field that is produced by a slow moving matter source. The analysis is based on the Klein-Gordon equation expressed in generally covariant form and coupled minimally to the electromagnetic field. The Klein-Gordon equation is recast into Schroedinger equation form, which we then analyze in the nonrelativistic limit. We include a discussion of some rather general observable physical effects implied by the Schroedinger equation form, concentrating on gravitomagnetism. Of particular interest is the interaction of the orbital angular momentum of the particle with the gravitomagnetic field.

The shapes of cosmic voids, as measured in spectroscopic galaxy redshift surveys, constitute a promising new probe of dark energy (DE). We forecast constraints on the DE equation of state and its variation from current and future surveys and find that the promise of void shape measurements compares favorably to that of standard methods such as supernovae and cluster counts even for currently available data. Owing to the complementary nature of the constraints, void shape measurements improve the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit by 2 orders of magnitude for a future large scale experiment such as EUCLID when combined with other probes of dark energy available on a similar time scale. Modeling several observational and theoretical systematics has only moderate effects on these forecasts. We discuss additional systematics which will require further study using simulations.

Precision electroweak physics can provide fertile ground for uncovering new physics beyond the standard model (SM). One area in which new physics can appear is in so-called “oblique corrections,” i.e., next-to-leading-order expansions of bosonic propagators corresponding to vacuum polarization. One may parametrize their effects in terms of quantities $S$ and $T$ that discriminate between conservation and nonconservation of isospin. This provides a means of comparing the relative contributions of precision electroweak experiments to constraints on new physics. Given the prevalence of strongly $T$-sensitive experiments, there is an acute need for further constraints on $S$, such as provided by atomic parity-violating experiments on heavy atoms. We evaluate constraints on $S$ arising from recently improved calculations in the Cs atom. We show that the top quark mass $m_t$ provides stringent constraints on $S$ within the context of the SM. We also consider the potential contributions of next-generation neutrino scattering experiments to improved $(S,T)$ constraints.

We report the measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of inclusive $J/\psi$ polarization in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200\mathrm{GeV}$ performed by the PHENIX Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The $J/\psi$ polarization is studied in the helicity, Gottfried-Jackson, and Collins-Soper frames for $p_T<5\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $|y|<0.35$. The polarization in the helicity and Gottfried-Jackson frames is consistent with zero for all transverse momenta, with a slight (1.8 sigma) trend towards longitudinal polarization for transverse momenta above $2\mathrm{GeV}/c$. No conclusion is allowed due to the limited acceptance in the Collins-Soper frame and the uncertainties of the current data. The results are compared to observations for other collision systems and center of mass energies and to different quarkonia production models.

We show that to accommodate inflation in the entropic force scenario of Verlinde, it is necessary to introduce a negative temperature on a holographic screen. This will introduce several puzzles such as energy nonconservation. If one tries to modify the derivation of the Einstein equations to avoid a negative temperature, we prove that it is impossible to find a proper new definition of temperature to derive the Einstein equations.

The density matrix renormalization group is applied to a relativistic complex scalar field at finite chemical potential. The two-point function and various bulk quantities are studied. It is seen that bulk quantities do not change with the chemical potential until it is larger than the minimum excitation energy. The technical limitations of the density matrix renormalization group for treating bosons in relativistic field theories are discussed. Applications to other relativistic models and to nontopological solitons are also suggested.

Events with isolated leptons play a prominent role in signatures of new physics phenomena at high energy collider physics facilities. In earlier publications, we examine the standard model contribution to isolated lepton production from bottom and charm mesons and baryons through their semileptonic decays $b$, $c\to l+\mathrm{X}$, showing that this source can overwhelm the effects of other standard model processes in some kinematic domains. In this paper, we show that we obtain good agreement with recent Tevatron collider data, both validating our simulations and showing that we underestimate the magnitude of the heavy-flavor contribution to the isolated lepton yields. We also show that the isolation requirement acts as a narrow bandpass filter on the momentum of the isolated lepton, and we illustrate the effect of this filter on the background to Higgs boson observation in the dilepton mode. We introduce and justify a new rule of thumb: isolated electrons and muons from heavy-flavor decay are produced with roughly the same distributions as $b$ and $c$ quarks, but with $1/200$ times the rates of $b$ and $c$ production, respectively.

Using the superfield formalism, we study the dynamical breaking of gauge symmetry and superconformal invariance in the $\mathcal{N}=1$ three-dimensional supersymmetric Chern-Simons model, coupled to a complex scalar superfield with a quartic self-coupling. This is an analogue of the conformally invariant Coleman-Weinberg model in four spacetime dimensions. We show that a mass for the gauge and matter superfields are dynamically generated after two-loop corrections to the effective superpotential. We also discuss the $\mathcal{N}=2$ extension of our work, showing that the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism in such model is not feasible, because it is incompatible with perturbation theory.

We present numerical evolutions of three equal-mass black holes using the moving puncture approach. We calculate puncture initial data for three black holes solving the constraint equations by means of a high-order multigrid elliptic solver. Using these initial data, we show the results for three black hole evolutions with sixth-order waveform convergence. We compare results obtained with the BAM and AMSS-NCKU codes with previous results. The approximate analytic solution to the Hamiltonian constraint used in previous simulations of three black holes leads to different dynamics and waveforms. We present some numerical experiments showing the evolution of four black holes and the resulting gravitational waveform.

We report on numerical lattice QCD calculations of some of the low moments of the nucleon structure functions. The calculations are carried out with gauge configurations generated by the RBC and UKQCD Collaborations with ($2+1$)-flavors of dynamical domain-wall fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action ($\beta =2.13$). The inverse lattice spacing is $a^{-1}=1.73\mathrm{GeV}$, and two spatial volumes of $(2.7\mathrm{fm}{)}^3$ and $(1.8\mathrm{fm}{)}^3$ are used. The up and down quark masses are varied so the pion mass lies between 0.33 and 0.67 GeV, while the strange mass is about 12% heavier than the physical one. The structure function moments we present include the fully nonperturbatively renormalized isovector quark momentum fraction $⟨x{⟩}_{u-d}$, the helicity fraction $⟨x{⟩}_{\Delta u-\Delta d}$, and transversity $⟨1{⟩}_{\delta u-\delta d}$, as well as an unrenormalized twist-3 coefficient $d_1$. The ratio of the momentum to helicity fractions, $⟨x{⟩}_{u-d}/⟨x{⟩}_{\Delta u-\Delta d}$, does not show dependence on the light quark mass and agrees well with the value obtained from experiment. Their respective absolute values, fully renormalized, show interesting trends toward their respective experimental values at the lightest quark mass. A prediction for the transversity, $0.7<⟨1{⟩}_{\delta u-\delta d}<1.1$, in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV is obtained. The twist-3 coefficient, $d_1$, though yet to be renormalized, supports the perturbative Wandzura-Wilczek relation.

In a recent paper it was shown that for double extremal static spherical symmetric BPS black hole solutions in the STU model the well-known process of moduli stabilization at the horizon can be recast in a form of a distillation procedure of a three-qubit entangled state of a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger type. By studying the full flow in moduli space in this paper we investigate this distillation procedure in more detail. We introduce a three-qubit state with amplitudes depending on the conserved charges, the warp factor, and the moduli. We show that for the recently discovered non-BPS solutions it is possible to see how the distillation procedure unfolds itself as we approach the horizon. For the non-BPS seed solutions at the asymptotically Minkowski region we are starting with a three-qubit state having seven nonequal nonvanishing amplitudes and finally at the horizon we get a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state with merely four nonvanishing ones with equal magnitudes. The magnitude of the surviving nonvanishing amplitudes is proportional to the macroscopic black hole entropy. A systematic study of such attractor states shows that their properties reflect the structure of the fake superpotential. We also demonstrate that when starting with the very special values for the moduli corresponding to flat directions the uniform structure at the horizon deteriorates due to errors generalizing the usual bit flips acting on the qubits of the attractor states.

We derive the fully backreacted bulk solution dual to a boundary superfluid with finite supercurrent density in AdS/CFT. The nonlinear boundary hydrodynamical description of this solution is shown to be governed by a relativistic version of the Tisza-Landau two-fluid model to nondissipative order. As previously noted, the phase transition can be both first order and second order, but in the strongly backreacted regime at low charge $q$ we find that the transition remains second order for all allowed fractions of superfluid density.

First conformal transformations of the $S$ matrix are derived in massless ${\varphi }^4$ theory. Then it is shown that the anomalous transformations can be rewritten as a symmetry once one has introduced a local coupling and interprets the charge of the symmetry accordingly. By introducing a suitable effective coupling on which the $S$ matrix depends, one is able to identify via the $\beta$ function an underlying new spacetime with a nontrivial conformal (flat) metric.

Phase transitions with spontaneous symmetry breaking and vector order parameter are considered in multidimensional theory of general relativity. Covariant equations, describing the gravitational properties of topological defects, are derived. The topological defects are classified in accordance with the symmetry of the covariant derivative of the vector order parameter. The abilities of the derived equations are demonstrated in application to the braneworld concept. New solutions of the Einstein equations with a transverse vector order parameter are presented. In the vicinity of phase transition, the solutions are found analytically.

Instabilities of two dimensional ($1+1$) de Sitter space induced by interacting fields are studied. As for the case of flat Minkowski space, several interacting fermion models can be translated into free boson ones and vice versa. It is found that interacting fermion theories do not lead to any instabilities, while the interacting bosonic sine-Gordon model does lead to a breakdown of de Sitter symmetry and to the vanishing of the vacuum expectation value of the $S$ matrix.